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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-18
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Date published2003-01-01
Scientific legacy of V.D. Lomtadze and prospects for the development of engineering geology at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute
- Authors:
- R. E. Dashko
- I. P. Ivanov
Analysis of the scientific legacy of V.D. Lomtadze shows that the main directions of engineering geology have been developed by many followers and have been recognized both at home and abroad. Three laws of engineering geology, proposed by V.D. Lomtadze in 1978, namely the law of geological correspondence, the law of accounting the dynamics of the earth crust and the law of detailed study of the geological environment have been confirmed in modern scientific research. At present there is some stagnation in engineering research due to the reduction in the rate of construction, and the primary statement of V.D. Lomtadze that engineering geology is aimed at solving problems of rational use and protection of the geological environment turns out to be true.
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Date submitted2002-06-28
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Date accepted2002-07-18
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Date published2003-01-01
Stages and prospects of development of engineering geology as a science
- Authors:
- V. T. Trofimov
The development of engineering geology as a science is considered in three stages: the emergence of a new geological science to solve the problems of geology of engineering and economic development of territories (1923-1945); the formation of three scientific branches of engineering geology - soil science, engineering geodynamics and regional engineering geology (1946-1978); engineering geology of the globe (since 1979). Further development of individual scientific branches of engineering geology is considered in connection with the new paradigm of geology as a science.
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Date submitted2002-06-11
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Date accepted2002-07-08
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Date published2003-01-01
Ideas of V.D. Lomtadze - Ideas of V.D. Lomtadze are the key to the development of general engineering-geological classifications of soils of the globe
- Authors:
- Ya. V. Neizvestnov
The ideas of V. D. Lomtadze on the proper engineering-geological approach, which gives priority to the conditions of interaction between the geological environment and engineering structures, to develop appropriate classifications of soils, are the basis for creating a general engineering-geological classification of the bottom soils of the ocean bottom. The classification distinguishes classes according to stability in interaction with structures, groups according to the nature of structural bonds, subgroups, mainly by strength, genetic types, lithological types and varieties.
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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-13
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Date published2003-01-01
The importance of V.D. Lomtadze's works in understanding the conditions of groundwater formation in sedimentary basins
- Authors:
- E. A. Baskov
- V. V. Petrov
V.D. Lomtadze's experimental studies on compaction of clayey rocks allowed him to conclude that these rocks play an important role in the formation of groundwater in deep horizons of sedimentary basins (catagenesis zone) as accumulators of huge water reserves. Studies of V.D. Lomtadze contributed to the development of the sedimentogenic hypothesis of the origin of groundwater of the catagenesis zone.
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Date submitted2002-06-10
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Date accepted2002-07-11
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Date published2003-01-01
Development of V.D. Lomtadze's doctrine on the formation of physical and mechanical properties of clayey rocks during lithification
- Authors:
- E. I. Tkachuk
The studies of the processes of changing the physical and mechanical properties of clayey rocks, started by V.D. Lomtadze back in 1955-1956, gave a powerful impetus to the development of the problem. Numerous works by V.D. Lomtadze, his students and followers confirmed the existence of several lithification stages, and the use of system analysis made it possible to substantiate their quantitative boundaries.
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Date submitted2002-06-12
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Date accepted2002-07-17
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Date published2003-01-01
Structure and contents of regional engineering geology
- Authors:
- V. A. Kiryukhin
The studies of the processes of changing the physical and mechanical properties of clayey rocks, started by V.D. Lomtadze back in 1955-1956, gave a powerful impetus to the development of the problem. Numerous works by V.D. Lomtadze, his students and followers confirmed the existence of several lithification stages, and the use of system analysis made it possible to substantiate their quantitative boundaries.
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Date submitted2002-06-29
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Date accepted2002-07-23
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Date published2003-01-01
Current state and problems of development of engineering geology
- Authors:
- V. A. Korolev
Organizational, theoretical and methodological (fundamental), applied (production) aspects, as well as issues of training and retraining of geotechnical engineers in Russia, developed after the collapse of the USSR in connection with the problems of development of engineering geology are considered.
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Date submitted2002-06-17
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Date accepted2002-07-30
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Date published2003-01-01
Methodological aspects of studying karst in the exploration of the Vorontsovskoye gold ore deposit in the Northern Urals, to be developed by open-pit mining
- Authors:
- E. I. Afanasiadi
- I. V. Abaturova
- V. P. Novikov
The Vorontsovskoye gold deposit is located in difficult engineering and geological conditions due to the presence of karsted carbonate rocks within the western and southern parts of the future open pit field. Studies of karst forms in the areas of eastern (depths of 20-110 m) and southern (depths of 20-90 m) sides of the open pit were carried out. The most widespread are cavities with sizes 4-6 and 8-10 m.
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Date submitted2002-06-29
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Date accepted2002-07-23
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Date published2003-01-01
Carbonate karst in the East Urals region
Within the East Urals region, a number of districts and areas have been identified according to the conditions of distribution of karsted carbonate rocks of the Lower and Middle Carboniferous. Technogenic activation of karst process along the railroad routes, in the areas of mining, in the areas of large water intakes is noted. The great urgency of studying karst territories during their development is emphasized.
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Date submitted2002-06-02
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Date accepted2002-07-22
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Date published2003-01-01
Changes in the geological environment during the development of iron ore deposits in the Angara province
- Authors:
- I. I. Verkhozin
- I. V. Matveeva
The open development of iron ore deposits in the Angara province leads to the development of many technogenic geological processes and phenomena. Among them, of particular importance are landslides, collapses, and filtration deformations, which have a long-term negative impact on environmental changes.
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Date submitted2002-06-14
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Date accepted2002-07-13
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Date published2003-01-01
Methods of hydrogeochemical mapping of karst territories
- Authors:
- A. Ya. Gaev
- E. A. Ikonnikov
- V. S. Samarina
Hydrochemical mapping of areas formed by karst rocks has a number of specific features. We propose a methodology of hydrochemical mapping on the example of some regions of the Urals (Ufa plateau), which reflects the chemical type of water, mineralization fields, the predominance of micro-components, water sources with violations of sanitary and hygienic standards.
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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-29
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Date published2003-01-01
Features of karst processes by the example of the Urals
Karst process is considered as a particular manifestation of hydrogenesis processes, characterized by high uneven intensity in different vertical hydrodynamic zones. Anti-karst protection measures have been developed, which are implemented in the territories of mining and transport highways.
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Date submitted2002-06-04
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Date accepted2002-07-15
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Date published2003-01-01
Environmental monitoring at solid domestic and industrial waste landfills
- Authors:
- O. M. Guman
The Sverdlovsk Region has three types of districts according to the geological conditions of solid domestic and industrial waste storage: the eastern part of the region (the most favorable conditions), the western part and the districts of the mining and industrial Urals (the most unfavorable). The environmental impact of the components of waste storage is manifested in the pollution of air, soil, surface and groundwater, and in changes in the rocks of the base of structures.
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Date submitted2002-06-10
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Date accepted2002-07-17
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Date published2003-01-01
Study of paragenetic complexes of geological processes
- Authors:
- G. N. Dublyanskaya
- V. N. Dublyanskii
The study of the paragenesis of engineering-geological processes (EPP) requires the solution of the following main tasks: justification of the area of distribution of paragenetic complexes of EPP, determining the conditions of formation and factors of their development, evaluation of the interaction features, development of methods to assess and forecast the stability of the areas of EPP development during their development. Examples of karst paragenesis with other common geological processes (erosion, landslides, seismic, etc.) are considered.
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Date submitted2002-06-09
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Date accepted2002-07-10
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Date published2003-01-01
Main approaches to the application of GIS-technologies in the monitoring of exogenous geological processes
- Authors:
- O. V. Zerkal
- I. S. Antipina
- N. Yu. Tereshkova
The content of the state monitoring of endogenous geological processes (GMEGP) consists of the results of regular observations of the development of exogenous processes under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. All information obtained and analyzed is of two classes: factual and spatial. On the other hand, the information is divided into conditionally constant and changing over time. The use of GIS-technologies makes it possible to proceed to the creation of duty maps in the GMEGP system.
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Date submitted2002-06-12
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Date accepted2002-07-30
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Date published2003-01-01
Stages of development, current state and prospects of monitoring of exogenous geological processes in the state monitoring of subsurface conditions in the Russian Federation
- Authors:
- O. V. Zerkal
- V. V. Markaryan
At present the system of monitoring of dangerous exogenous geological processes includes four levels: federal, regional, territorial and local. Data on development of exogenous geological processes are received from 2.1 thousand objects equipped with 24 thousand wells, profiles, benchmarks, etc. Special attention is paid to landslide processes which make up 40% of exogenic processes. Priority areas are: re-engineering geological survey of the territory of Russia, reorganization of structure and composition of observation network, creation of specialized subsystems for development of exogenous geological processes.
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Date submitted2002-06-04
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Date accepted2002-07-28
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Date published2003-01-01
A new approach in the development of engineering-geological typing of mineral deposits
- Authors:
- I. P. Ivanov
- T. N. Nikolaeva
On the basis of the general engineering-geological typification of mineral deposits V.D. Lomtadze proposes to build a typification taking into account the difficulties of reclamation of the consequences of open pit or underground mining. Typification can be used at the stage of designing a mining enterprise with inclusion of physical and biological reclamation of disturbed lands into the project.
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Date submitted2002-06-12
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Date accepted2002-07-21
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Date published2003-01-01
Unloading of clay soils in natural conditions and related phenomena
- Authors:
- V. O. Istochnikov
Examples are given of the consequences of natural unloading of clays at the base of river valleys (Lower Pechora, Moscow, etc.). It is concluded about the erosion unloading, which results in decompaction of clays and their displacement of landslide nature.
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Date submitted2002-06-19
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Date accepted2002-07-20
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Date published2003-01-01
Far Eastern State University of Railway Transport Assessment of landslide hazard in rock slopes of the Far Eastern Railway based on the study of fracturing
- Authors:
- S. V. Kvashuk
- D. Yu. Maleev
The causes and conditions of landslide hazard in a 35 m deep, 240 m long rock excavation located at 46 km of the Izvestkovaya - Chegdomyn line, passing in the eastern marginal part of the Bureyn middle massif, which is central to the Amur geoblock of the Pacific mobile belt, characterized by complex and diverse engineering and geological conditions, were studied in detail. Seven fracture systems have been identified, three of which are major. A general conclusion is valid for the whole caving area: the fracture hollowness of rocks is abnormally high, and the blockiness of rocks is dense. Three zones have been studied in the weathering crust, their total thickness is about 40 m. Stability of excavation slopes is a little more than unity, but during earthquakes of intensity 4.0 points and more, collapses up to several hundred cubic meters are possible.
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Date submitted2002-06-27
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Date accepted2002-07-07
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Date published2003-01-01
Assessment of the condition of the encircling earth dam of the upper basin of the Zagorskaya HPP based on the permanent numerical model
- Authors:
- Yu. N. Kolomiitseva
Modern permanent dynamic numerical model of the dam of the upper basin of Zagorskaya HPP contains: digital models of engineering-geological sections, a large number of points of geo-control sampling, tables of physical and mechanical properties of soils, hydrogeological data. According to the control calculations it was found that there is no normative reserve of stability in some sections of the dam.
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Date submitted2002-06-17
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Date accepted2002-07-03
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Date published2003-01-01
On the condition of the earth dam of the Istra hydroelectric complex
- Authors:
- S. N. Krasev
- I. A. Stepanenko
The earth dam of the Istra hydroelectric complex is dry-drained of sandy soils. Its water level is 20 m below the crest. Soils in the body of the dam are in overconsolidated state. Sounding was conducted only to the depth of 1,5-2,0 m. Overconsolidated sands correspond to weakly cemented sandstones, in which it is impossible to introduce static and dynamic probes.
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Date submitted2002-06-04
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Date accepted2002-07-23
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Date published2003-01-01
On the classification of natural and man-made geological processes and phenomena in the light of V.D. Lomtadze's teachings
Based on the main position of V.D. Lomtadze on changes in the geological environment under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, the authors developed a classification of geological processes and phenomena. The new classification is based on the intensity of manifestation of geological processes and their confinement to different conditions of the geological environment. It can be used in the development of territories by various construction projects.
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Date submitted2002-06-29
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Date accepted2002-07-15
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Date published2003-01-01
Disturbance of the stability of the base of the Plavinskaya HPP as a result of technogenic suffosion
- Authors:
- V. V. Mugaleva
Calculated values of suffosion cavity lengths within the range of 750-1500 m were obtained. A geofiltration mathematical model of the base of the Plavinia HPP was built, which confirmed the assumption about the formation of concentrated filtration paths within the suffusion cavities. This can explain the development of undamped deformations of the base of concrete structures, recorded by geodetic observations.
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Date submitted2002-06-14
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Date accepted2002-07-06
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Date published2003-01-01
Prevention of dynamic destruction of solid rock layers in the soil of preparatory workings
- Authors:
- M. G. Mustafin
The approach to prediction and prevention of dynamic soil failure of preparatory workings is described. Mathematical modeling of the stress-strain state of the rock massif is used. An algorithm for solving a nonlinear problem, which is implemented in software complexes, is given. The mechanism of fracture of a solid layer in the excavation soil is shown. Practical recommendations are developed based on the results of the research.
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Date submitted2002-06-10
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Date accepted2002-07-14
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Date published2003-01-01
Condition of the soil mass at the Moscow Canal hydroelectric complex No. 4 after seventy years of operation
- Authors:
- E. Yu. Nesynova
- A. I. Yudkevich
The state of the ground massif is evaluated according to three parameters: surface deformations, groundwater level position and filtration strength of the pounds. A conclusion is made about the unsatisfactory condition of the pound foundation of hydraulic unit No. 4, which requires measures for its stabilization.
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Date submitted2002-06-09
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Date accepted2002-07-21
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Date published2003-01-01
Problems of hydrogeological research for the purpose of creating a regime network at existing sludge storages of metallurgical enterprises in the Middle Urals
- Authors:
- L. P. Parfenova
- O. A. Kopenkina
Organization of groundwater monitoring in the areas of industrial effluent reservoirs is carried out in stages. At the first stage the collection and analysis of materials of preliminary observations, at the second stage a network of observation wells is created, at the last stage the program of regime observations is developed. The work was carried out at metallurgical enterprises of the Middle Urals. According to the results, generalizations were made, which showed a rather poor state of the groundwater pollution.
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Date submitted2002-06-14
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Date accepted2002-07-01
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Date published2003-01-01
The role of technogenesis in the development of geological processes in the cities of the Far East
- Authors:
- T. I. Podgornaya
In the cities of the Far East a complex of technogenic geological processes arose, among which a special place belongs to: technogenic lithogenesis, waterlogging, waterlogging and landslides. To prevent the development of negative geological processes in the development of urban areas it is recommended to use protective measures developed by Giprokommunstroy.
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Date submitted2002-06-13
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Date accepted2002-07-05
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Date published2003-01-01
Regularities of changes in the stress-strain state of rocks in the slope zone
- Authors:
- G. P. Postoev
Removal of a part of rocks during the formation of natural slopes and artificial slopes leads to a decrease in the coefficient of lateral pressure in the near-slope zone and to a decrease in horizontal stresses in the adjacent two zones of the soil mass. This leads to an increase in deformations and, as a result, to subsidence due to plastic deformation and microshifts of structural bonds. At a number of sites, as a result of changes in the stress-strain state of rocks in the near-slope zone, accidents have been noted.
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Date submitted2002-06-21
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Date accepted2002-07-20
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Date published2003-01-01
Environmental and geochemical impact of mining and metallurgical complexes in the Middle Urals
Metalliferous streams formed under the influence of mining and metallurgical process create atmo-, litho- and hydrogeochemical anomalies within many cities of the Middle Urals. Studies include sampling and analytical work on the content of 12 metals in acid-soluble, mobile and water-soluble forms. The information obtained is proposed for use in assessing environmental pollution and compiling a land cadastre.
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Date submitted2002-06-08
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Date accepted2002-07-23
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Date published2003-01-01
Cryogenesis of lithogenic basis of landscapes in the North-East of Russia and prevention of its negative manifestations
- Authors:
- N. V. Ukhov
Ameliorative development of the territories formed by permafrost is accompanied by changes in the conditions of external heat exchange and, as a result, increase in the depth of seasonal thawing with manifestation of thermal subsidence, thermal erosion and other phenomena, as well as the phenomenon of waterlogging. Prevention of negative processes is achieved by eliminating barriers of drainage surfaces and creating slopes of frozen water table, increasing the depth of thawing and drainage channels.
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Date submitted2002-06-06
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Date accepted2002-07-27
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Date published2003-01-01
Typification of the forms of disturbance of natural conditions during open-pit mining of mineral deposits and their impact on changes in engineering and geocryological conditions in Transbaikalia
- Authors:
- D. M. Shesternev
- S. B. Tataurov
The paper presents the typology of forms of disturbance of natural conditions and types of technological objects used in the development of mineral deposits of the cryolithozone by open-cut mining. The reasons for the formation of talik zones (reservoirs) of technogenic-natural genesis, accumulating useful components, as well as harmful chemical elements, artificially introduced into the rock massif during the development of placer gold deposits in the cryolithozone conditions are considered.
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Date submitted2002-06-06
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Date accepted2002-07-03
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Date published2003-01-01
Influence of engineering and geological processes on deformations of paved runways in Central Transbaikalia
- Authors:
- D. M. Shesternev
The paper shows the negative impact of water encroachment and degradation of the cryolithic zone on the changes in the engineering-geological conditions of the study area and the operation of linear structures. The reasons for the increased activity of the complex of engineering-geological and geocryological processes and phenomena are considered. Measures and ways of elimination of unacceptable deformations of linear structures are proposed.
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Date submitted2002-06-10
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Date accepted2002-07-23
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Date published2003-01-01
On the causes of oil contamination of the Ordovician horizon on the Izhora Plateau
The results of field works at the site of groundwater pollution by petroleum products in Suida settlement of the Leningrad region are discussed. Drilling and hydrogeochemical survey allowed to map the pollution halo. A lens of free petroleum products was detected on the surface of the ground aquifer near the fuel and lubricant depot. Recommendations on organization of drinking water supply in the area and prevention of further groundwater contamination were given.
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Date submitted2002-06-01
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Date accepted2002-07-15
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Date published2003-01-01
Problems of creating permanent mathematical models of large regions
- Authors:
- V. V. Antonov
- D. L. Ustyugov
Some specific problems arising at creation of permanent mathematical models of large regions are considered. Limitations concerning hydrogeological models in the process of their development are given.
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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-06
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Date published2003-01-01
Engineering and environmental problems in the development of the V.P. Grib diamond deposit
- Authors:
- A. I. Arnautov
- M. S. Iskhakov
The methods of development of the V.P. Grib diamond deposit, characterized by complex engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions, are considered. Based on the analysis of the conditions and taking into account the specifics of the geological structure, a combined method of development is proposed. The characteristic of the environmental problems arising with this method is given and engineering ways of their solution are outlined.
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Date submitted2002-06-15
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Date accepted2002-07-13
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Date published2003-01-01
Current status of complex engineering and geological surveys
- Authors:
- I. V. Arkhangelskii
The current state of surveys is analyzed. It is noted that since the beginning of the 1990s in the practice of surveys there has been a tendency to reduce the complex of methods. A critical analysis of static probing of soils is given. It is emphasized that the static probing method should not be regarded as a universal one. Different methods of drilling for engineering surveys are analyzed. It is noted that the least informative among the existing methods of borehole penetration is the auger method. Very negative situation exists in the practice of geophysical and hydrogeological surveys. As a result of low-quality surveys and receiving insufficient information is expected to increase the number of accidents in construction.
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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-18
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Date published2003-01-01
Hydrogeological problems in the diamond deposits of Yakutia
- Authors:
- F. G. Atroshchenko
- R. A. Filin
The main hydrogeological problems in the development of diamond deposits in Yakutia are related to the need to utilize large volumes of drainage brines from the quarry and waste saline water from the beneficiation plant. The technology for burying these solutions in the permafrost strata is proposed. The results of field experiments are discussed and the processes accompanying the distribution of saline water in the permafrost zone are analyzed.
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Date submitted2002-06-29
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Date accepted2002-07-19
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Date published2003-01-01
Optimization of the system of drainage and burial of drainage brines of the Mir pipe deposit
- Authors:
- F. G. Atroshchenko
- K. A. Soloveichik
The analysis of dewatering system operation during transition to underground development of the Mir kimberlite pipe is given. Numerical geofiltration model of the field area is developed, which is used to compare different scenarios of dewatering system operation. Forecasts of brine inflows to the drainage system and changes in levels in the Meteoro-Ichersky aquifer complex for the period up to 2020 are given. Recommendations on drainage system optimization taking into account drainage brines burial are developed.
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Date submitted2002-06-18
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Date accepted2002-07-13
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Date published2003-01-01
Geoecological assessment of the hydrosphere of urbanized areas
- Authors:
- L. I. Auzina
The current state of ecosystems in urbanized areas is highlighted, with special attention paid to the underground hydrosphere, which is the most vulnerable component affecting the sustainability of the system as a whole. To assess the degree of sustainability, a comprehensive hydrosphere index (HHI) was developed, which includes the natural features of the territory under study, the nature of anthropogenic loads, and the results of anthropogenic influence. The analysis of a specially developed database and subsequent mathematical modeling was the basis for the development of the KPG. Modeling made it possible to determine the leading natural and anthropogenic factors controlling the state of the hydrosphere and to identify typical models characterizing the stability of the ecosystem.
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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-08
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Date published2003-01-01
Mechanical properties of soils as a cause of inaccurate soil mechanics solutions
- Authors:
- E. N. Bogdanov
- A. E. Bogdanov
Any state of the soil is characterized by certain physical and mechanical properties. The compression curve is a set of ground states, so it cannot be used to determine the deformation modulus of the initial state pound. Existing techniques for shear and triaxial tests also violate it. Tests should be conducted in the pressure range corresponding to the initial (natural or acquired) state of the soil.
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Date submitted2002-06-19
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Date accepted2002-07-28
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Date published2003-01-01
Challenges of engineering and geological research of the territory of Irkutsk
Performed engineering-geological research can be considered as a basis for the characterization of physical and mechanical properties of the main types of rocks of Irkutsk. Actual researches are the problems of development of underground space of the city, study of alluvial and technogenic soils. This raises the question of the need to improve the quality of training in universities in the region (Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg, Perm).
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Date submitted2002-06-27
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Date accepted2002-07-26
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Date published2003-01-01
Engineering petrology of metasomatites
- Authors:
- O. N. Gryaznov
Theoretical and applied issues of the study of metasomatites in engineering geology are considered. A detailed analysis of the mineral composition of rocks associated with the development of certain associations of secondary minerals, structural and textural features and physical and mechanical properties of rocks. The results of engineering and geological studies of metasomatites of various endogenous deposits of the Urals and Central Siberia are presented. Established a natural change in the physical and mechanical properties of these rocks depending on the nature and type of metasomatic processes. Engineering petrology of metasomatites is considered as a new scientific direction of engineering geology.
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Date submitted2002-06-15
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Date accepted2002-07-16
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Date published2003-01-01
Engineering-geological and geoecological studies of the impact of operational factors on the stability of civil and industrial structures
- Authors:
- R. E. Dashko
- L. P. Norova
Statistical data on the reasons of buildings and structures transition to emergency and pre-emergency state are analyzed. In more than 60 % of cases the loss of stability of structures is observed as a result of activation of various factors acting during operation of buildings. The results of experimental studies showing the negative transformation of sand-clay soils under the influence of sewage runoff and the activation of microbial activity are presented. Empirical dependencies of changes in the coefficient of filtration of sands and strength of clayey soils when the bacterial mass increases are given. The role of organic pollutants in changing the redox conditions in the city underground space has been analyzed. The recommendation of the necessity to take into account the technology of industrial production in the practice of engineering surveys is given.
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Date submitted2002-06-26
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Date accepted2002-07-02
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Date published2003-01-01
Current state and peculiarities of the development of engineering geology in the Urals
- Authors:
- S. G. Dubeikovskii
- V. P. Semakin
The work gives a review of the most significant studies in the field of engineering geology of the Urals. The great role of V. D. Lomtadze in the development of engineering geology in the Urals is noted. Stresses that the main importance for the formation of engineering geology in this region had and have mining, mining and metallurgical industries. In the article new approaches to the engineering-geological zoning of the Urals, proposed in 1995 by S. G. Dubaykovsky and O. N. Gryaznov are discussed. Analyzes the geological processes that determine the patterns of formation of engineering and geological conditions of the Urals. Topical directions in the Urals - engineering-geological justification of underground space development, studies of eluvial and technogenic soils.
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Date submitted2002-06-24
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Date accepted2002-07-20
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Date published2003-01-01
Issues in the development of engineering-geological stratification and geological space partitioning models in engineering geology
- Authors:
- M. S. Zakharov
Engineering-geological research creates new data about the geological environment, expanding our knowledge about rocks and pounds, their role and behavior in various natural and technogenic processes. This information creates new opportunities for structural constructions and identification of new laws of geological space organization, among which the stratigraphic (historical-genetic) form of organization is only one of the possible ones. Engineering-geological data can be used to create multidimensional structural fields and study the laws of their organization. For this purpose, it is necessary to create on a system basis engineering-geological stratification, which should be docked with the entire sum of geological knowledge and provide a smooth and rational transition from the systems of the upper hierarchical level to the systems and elements underlying a variety of calculation models.
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Date submitted2002-06-10
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Date accepted2002-07-02
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Date published2003-01-01
Modern computer technology in geotechnical engineering surveys for hydraulic structures
- Authors:
- V. V. Ilin
- Yu. S. Shevlyagin
- A. I. Yudkevich
The technological sequence of creation of volumetric mathematical model for justification of hydraulic structure construction project is presented. The mathematical model is an effective tool for investigating the system "soil base - hydraulic structure" for designing and monitoring of objects under construction and operation.
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Date submitted2002-06-07
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Date accepted2002-07-13
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Date published2003-01-01
Current state and problems of geotechnical surveys for hydraulic engineering
- Authors:
- V. O. Istochnikov
- S. V. Kriventsov
The state of engineering-geological surveys for hydrotechnical construction is considered. A significant decline in the system of Moscow hydroproject is noted. The task of finding the right way out of two possible ways: surveys for reconstruction of hydraulic structures or entering the international market.
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Date submitted2002-06-07
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Date accepted2002-07-25
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Date published2003-01-01
Engineering geology of buildings and structures under repair and reconstruction
- Authors:
- A. A. Kagan
- N. F. Krivonogova
The changes of engineering-geological conditions occurring during the construction and operation of buildings and structures are considered. Engineering-geological surveys and studies to justify repair and reconstruction projects, which must take into account such changes, is a separate section of engineering geology.
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Date submitted2002-06-13
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Date accepted2002-07-29
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Date published2003-01-01
Hydrogeology of Columbia
- Authors:
- V. A. Kiryukhin
- O. N. De Bermudes
The hydrogeological materials collected in Colombia are systematized and analyzed for the first time. The regularities of groundwater distribution and formation are revealed. Hydrogeological zoning of the country, stratification of the section and zoning of groundwater were substantiated.
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Date submitted2002-06-13
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Date accepted2002-07-08
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Date published2003-01-01
Physico-chemical basis and analysis of possibility of application of chemisorption mineral matrix technology for treatment of contaminated quarry water of bauxite mines
The physical and chemical basis of chemisorption mineral matrix technology for treatment of contaminated water of bauxite mines is considered. The effectiveness of the new technology is experimentally confirmed.
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Date submitted2002-06-27
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Date accepted2002-07-12
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Date published2003-01-01
Modern requirements for hydrochemical sampling of observation wells during hydrogeological research and groundwater monitoring
- Authors:
- S. A. Kozlov
Modern requirements for hydrochemical sampling of observation wells in the performance of hydrogeological research and groundwater monitoring are given. When sampling observation wells is recommended to pump out not less than 40 volumes of water from the borehole with a submersible pump. For determination of inorganic substances it is recommended to use complex mass-spectral and atomic emission analyses with inductively coupled plasma for 72 elements, which will allow to reject the results of analyses for which the conventional methods (with the sensitivity limit, close to the MAC) revealed exceeding the existing standards, for example for Cd, Li, Be.
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Date submitted2002-06-04
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Date accepted2002-07-04
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Date published2003-01-01
Geoecological challenges of the Russian brine fields
- Authors:
- A. G. Kononova
- A. I. Levchenko
Environmental problems arising at the Russian brine mines, where rock salt is extracted through wells in the form of saturated sodium chloride brines, are considered. In the technology of salt extraction by dissolution method oil products are used, which, along with brine, are agents of pollution of the natural environment.
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Date submitted2002-06-27
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Date accepted2002-07-17
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Date published2003-01-01
Using the method of engineering-geological analogies to assess the properties of soils in engineering structures
- Authors:
- E. V. Melnik
It is proposed to use the original computer program "Win Gust" to search for engineering-geological analogues. A database containing information about 700 varieties of soils sampled from 170 hydraulic structures has been created. The use of the program makes it possible to assess the properties of soils as the base and material of hydraulic structures.
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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-11
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Date published2003-01-01
Main factors determining the radon flux into the atmosphere in the conditions of Moscow
- Authors:
- P. S. Miklyaev
- R. S. Ziangirov
- T. B. Petrova
The main factors determining the radon hazard on the territory of Moscow are analyzed based on the results of research of more than 4000 sites and radon flux density measurements (RTD). The main factor determining the value of the RTD is radon concentration in the first layer of soil from the surface. Maximum values of the RTD are typical for clay massifs with radium concentration from 15 to 45 Bq/kg, the minimum ones for sandy massifs. It is emphasized that the value of RRR in the atmosphere depends on local defects in the near-surface layer. The role of tectonic disturbances in the character of radon distribution in the atmosphere is denied.
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Date submitted2002-06-23
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Date accepted2002-07-02
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Date published2003-01-01
The cartographic model of engineering-geological environment of Professor V.D. Lomtadze and practical aspects of its implementation in Lithuania
Based on the cartographic model of the engineering-geological map developed by V.D.Lomtadze, work was done to produce an engineering-geological map of Lithuania at a scale of 1:500000 and some of its districts at a larger scale. The information obtained can be used to assess the complexity of engineering-geological conditions of the construction territory.
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Date submitted2002-06-18
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Date accepted2002-07-10
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Date published2003-01-01
Hydrogeological analysis of the Yuzhno-Gorkovskoe groundwater deposit using the method of mathematical modeling
- Authors:
- A. V. Mironova
- V. G. Rumynin
A model assessment of the hydrogeological system water balance was carried out and the character of aquifers interrelation in the Sarov area was analyzed. The interaction of ground and surface waters was taken into account. During model calibration geofiltration parameters were specified and the distribution of area infiltration was found. The model structure took into account variations in the absolute elevations of the roof and base of the main aquifers.
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Date submitted2002-06-20
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Date accepted2002-07-10
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Date published2003-01-01
Hydrogeological studies to assess water resources in the province of Almeria (Spain)
A set of hydrogeological, hydrological and geophysical research methods was used to solve problems related to the estimation of groundwater resources. The results obtained were used in the development of numerical geofiltration models of groundwater deposits. Mathematical modeling is the main tool used in the assessment of groundwater resources and reserves within a number of allocated hydrogeological units. The conducted researches allowed to quantitatively estimate the degree of depletion of aquifer complexes and to give recommendations on replenishment of their reserves and rational water withdrawal regime.
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Date submitted2002-06-14
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Date accepted2002-07-21
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Date published2003-01-01
Zonal peculiarities of groundwater flow formation in the Urals
- Authors:
- Yu. M. Nesterenko
- N. V. Solomatin
The peculiarities of groundwater flow formation in dry conditions were analyzed. The infiltration windows in the depressions of the relief occupying 10-15 % of the territory have been revealed. Up to 90 % of groundwater supply passes through them. The deficit of water resources has caused deep groundwater occurrence and slow water movement in aeration zone and groundwater. The importance of the aeration zone and vegetation cover in the formation of the chemical composition of groundwater has increased.
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Date submitted2002-06-09
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Date accepted2002-07-13
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Date published2003-01-01
Monitoring of hydrogeomechanical processes in the emergency section of the St. Petersburg subway
The hydrodynamic regime is monitored by 90 hydrostatic pressure sensors placed at different depths in the heterogeneous thickness of quaternary deposits. Total, neutral and effective stresses along the route of projected tunnels were determined. Seasonal changes of hydrostatic pressures in the thickness and their connection with atmospheric pressure are estimated. The reaction of water-saturated massif to tunneling with bottom-hole hydroloading has been fixed.
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Date submitted2002-06-04
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Date accepted2002-07-01
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Date published2003-01-01
Rationale for the necessity of hydrogeoecological monitoring at the Leningrad oil shale deposit
The necessity of organizing continuous monitoring of mine water quality and observation of the levels of formation of hydrochemical and hydrodynamic regimes of groundwater by creating a system of hydrogeoecological monitoring at the Leningrad oil shale deposit is considered. The goals and tasks of monitoring of mine and ground waters of the deposit are set out, the main stages of its planning and implementation are defined.
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Date submitted2002-06-22
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Date accepted2002-07-28
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Date published2003-01-01
Groundwater regime in southern Transbaikalia and its impact on the stability of frost-affected bases of structures
- Authors:
- P. I. Salnikov
In the built-up areas of southern Transbaikalia, processes of moisture concentration and condensation occur under structures and coverings, in backfill soils and as a result of rainwater infiltration. It is necessary to forecast the main construction characteristics of frost heave of soils for their design life.
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Date submitted2002-06-06
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Date accepted2002-07-17
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Date published2003-01-01
Using numerical programs to solve inverse hydrogeological problems to process pilot-filtration sampling
The technology of interpreting OFO by means of a special software module is proposed. This approach is based on the universal software product UCODE designed for solving inverse problems. The universality of this program consists in the possibility of connecting to it practically any direct problem solver. By controlling this solver, UCODE selects the parameters specified by the user. In the course of this work, the authors implemented a software connection of the numerical model of axisymmetric filtration (RELIS) in layered formations with the UCODE solver and processor.
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Date submitted2002-06-23
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Date accepted2002-07-30
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Date published2003-01-01
Engineering and geological characterization of the Mesozoic weathering crust
- Authors:
- E. N. Skvaletskii
The thick (from 5 to 20 m and more) clayey weathering crust in the South Urals is a product of deep physical and chemical processing and disintegration of Paleozoic rocks in the Mesozoic. Clays (60%), medium and heavy loams (30-35%) prevail. The results of statistical processing of tests of 102 monoliths indicate the heterogeneity of properties, especially the strength characteristics of rocks.
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Date submitted2002-06-09
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Date accepted2002-07-07
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Date published2003-01-01
Regularities of soil moisture changes in the Southern Urals
- Authors:
- E. N. Skvaletskii
- O. A. Golubnichaya
Soil moisture W was studied in 18 reference sections confined to watersheds and slopes composed of dealluvial loams and clays (dQ); I and II terraces, with alluvial loam and clay cover (aQ). The distribution of W in both samples is close to the normal law with arithmetic mean values of X. Scatter of W values, judging by mean square deviation and coefficient of variation on river terraces indicates significant variability of this parameter, much more than in deluvium on uplands, where the variation series has moderate and low heterogeneity.
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Date submitted2002-06-06
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Date accepted2002-07-05
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Date published2003-01-01
40th anniversary of the Leningrad Trust for Civil Engineering Surveys
- Authors:
- M. A. Solodukhin
The 40th anniversary of the establishment of the Leningrad Trust for Engineering and Construction Surveys (LenTISIZ) is celebrated. The Trust performs engineering and geological works on the territory of the North-West of Russia and other regions. The St. Petersburg Mining Institute has a special role in the formation of the personnel of the organization.
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Date submitted2002-06-02
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Date accepted2002-07-04
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Date published2003-01-01
Hydrogeomechanical analysis of the tectonics and topography of the carbonate massif
- Authors:
- S. N. Tagiltsev
- T. N. Kibanova
The possibility of using the hydrogeomechanical analysis to establish water-bearing zones and heterogeneity of carbonate rocks on the example of the limestone massif near the Bilimbay settlement in the Middle Urals is considered. Based on the hydrogeomechanical analysis established the main directions of the maximum stresses on the nature of fracturing limestones. The analysis of lineaments of the hydrographic network of small and large rivers in the region was widely used to reveal structural-tectonic features of the territory under study. It is noted that during the development of karst processes only at the initial stage, the orientation of tectonic stresses is of decisive importance. It is emphasized that the development of karst occurs along the tectonic disturbances of shear character.
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Date submitted2002-06-23
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Date accepted2002-07-06
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Date published2003-01-01
Information support for permanent mathematical models
- Authors:
- D. L. Ustyugov
- Nur Abdirizak
The main requirements to detail and quality of initial information for modeling at different stages of surveys are characterized. The main attention is paid to information support of permanent models at the stages of assessment, exploration and development of groundwater deposits.
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Date submitted2002-06-18
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Date accepted2002-07-16
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Date published2003-01-01
Using radioactive tracers to study diffusion processes in porous media
A series of laboratory experiments to study the diffusion of radioactive tracers (''Sr, 36 C1) was performed on samples of Cambrian clays. The use of radioactive isotopes makes it possible to avoid superposition of osmotic processes, changes in migration forms of elements and other phenomena during the diffusion experiment. The self-diffusion coefficients of individual ions are evaluated, whereas binary diffusion coefficients are evaluated in the trait experiments. The dependence of diffusion coefficients on solution concentration and concentration gradient is studied.
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Date submitted2002-06-20
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Date accepted2002-07-02
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Date published2003-01-01
The use of isotope methods in the study of groundwater balance (Almeria, Spain)
- Authors:
- I. L. Kharkhordin
- I. V. Tokarev
Hydrogeochemical and isotopic sampling of groundwater and surface water in the Almansora River basin was carried out in works on groundwater resources estimation in the province of Almeria (Spain). Surface and ground waters sampled in the Almansora River basin coincide with the general trend of atmospheric precipitation isotopic composition of the Mediterranean region, indicating an exclusively meteoric origin of ground and surface waters, the absence of significant isotopic fractionation after atmospheric precipitation, in particular due to evaporation. The insignificant role of transit flow in groundwater recharge within the hydrogeological unit of Auvers is shown.
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Date submitted2002-06-13
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Date accepted2002-07-22
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Date published2003-01-01
Mechanics of clayey rocks
- Authors:
- M. G. Khramchenkov
A unified mathematical model of the rheological and transport (including diffusion) properties of clayey rocks is considered. A number of model features are analyzed (possibility of abnormally high pressures in underconsolidated clays, presence of flocculation during diffusion in clays, etc.). It is shown that the obtained solutions are in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Date submitted2002-06-08
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Date accepted2002-07-14
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Date published2003-01-01
Challenges of training engineers in "Prospecting and Exploration of Groundwater and Engineering-Geological Surveying" specialty
- Authors:
- V. V. Antonov
The structure of the 2000 curriculum, adopted in SPGGI(TU) and the 2000 GOS for the specialty "Search and Exploration of Groundwater and Engineering and Geological Survey" is presented. The main drawbacks of the new SES are marked: some disciplines important for training specialists are absent (for example, engineering permafrost science and technical means of sampling), the seasonality of the specialty is not taken into account in the organization of training and work practices. It was proposed to start developing a new and improved version of the curriculum.
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Date submitted2002-06-28
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Date accepted2002-07-02
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Date published2003-01-01
Training of specialists in engineering geology and hydrogeology at the Ural State Mining and Geological Academy
- Authors:
- O. N. Gryaznov
In the USMA the training of specialists in the field of hydrogeology and engineering geology is carried out at the department of hydrogeology, engineering geology and geoecology according to a three-stage variant on the curriculum close to the standard one. In the process of training much attention is paid to educational and industrial practices. Geological practice after the 1st year is carried out in the vicinity of Yekaterinburg in the Pervouralsk and Kamenny districts of the Sverdlovsk region. The second academic practice takes place at the Academy of Sciences in Sukhoy Log. After completion of the 3rd year students have educational practice on the basis of USTGA in Verkhnyaya Sysert village. Work practice takes place in the 4th year, and the production in the 10th semester. Students - masters have the opportunity to take two field practices and in the 11th semester pedagogical practice.
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Date submitted2002-06-28
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Date accepted2002-07-27
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Date published2003-01-01
Employment opportunities in St. Petersburg for young professionals in the field of engineering geology
- Authors:
- M. O. Zueva
Changes in the labor market situation for young professionals in the field of engineering geology are associated with the expansion of urban, transport and industrial construction. We analyzed the results of a survey of managers of surveying organizations in St. Petersburg regarding the possibility and conditions of employment of graduates of the Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology of SPGGI in the next few years.
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Date submitted2002-06-23
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Date accepted2002-07-09
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Date published2003-01-01
Application of electronic technologies in the training of specialists in the field of engineering geology
- Authors:
- V. A. Korolev
Some topical issues of improving the training of specialists in the field of engineering geology on the basis of computer technology application are considered. It is proposed to train students in the use of computer technologies in two stages. At the first stage (I - III courses) students should be trained to work with programs of wide profile, and at the second stage to master special packages of applied programs, oriented on the solution of engineering-geological problems. The technical, financial-economic and information-methodological aspects of electronic technologies application in the process of geotechnical engineers training at a higher educational institution are considered.
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Date submitted2002-06-03
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Date accepted2002-07-24
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Date published2003-01-01
V.D. Lomtadze - creator of a series of fundamental textbooks on engineering and geological disciplines
- Authors:
- V. T. Trofimov
The content of textbooks and manuals on engineering and geological disciplines prepared by Prof. V.D. Lomtadze for more than forty years of scientific and pedagogical activity is analyzed. The series of published fundamental works includes seven fundamental ones: "Engineering Geology. Engineering Petrology" (1970, 1984), "Engineering Geology. Engineering Geodynamics" (1970), "Engineering Geology. Special Engineering Geology" (1978), "Engineering Geology of Mineral Deposits" (1986), "Laboratory Research Methods of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Sandy and Clayey Rocks" (1952, 1970, 1980), "Introduction to Engineering Geology" (1986), "Dictionary of Engineering Geology" (1999).
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Date submitted2002-06-06
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Date accepted2002-07-02
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Date published2003-01-01
Courses in the field of geomechanics
- Authors:
- V. M. Shestakov
It is proposed to use the term "Petromechanics" for the disciplines that study the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, which will be a continuation of the petrological approach proposed by V.D. Lomtadze. Issues of studying mechanical processes in rock massifs in relation to various natural-technogenic conditions are proposed to consider in the discipline "Geomechanics", which in directions can be divided into regional and global geomechanics, applied (engineering) geomechanics and hydrogeomechanics.
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Date submitted2002-06-19
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Date accepted2002-07-27
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Date published2003-01-01
Role of the Mining Institute and the Geological Committee in the organization and formation of the State Geological Service of Russia: A History in Persons
- Authors:
- A. Kh. Kagarmanov
The role of professors and teachers of Saint Petersburg Mining Institute in creation and formation of the first state geological institution of Russia - Geological Committee (1882-1929), in organization of geological specialty and geological prospecting faculty, perfection of preparation of engineering-geological personnel of the country is characterized. The activity of mining engineers - employees of the Geological Committee laid the foundations of the structure of the state geological service of the country, which ensured the creation of a powerful mineral resource base of the state.
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Date submitted2002-06-17
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Date accepted2002-07-10
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Date published2003-01-01
Geological Committee and Mineralogical Society of Russia
- Authors:
- V. V. Dolivo-Dobrovolskii
The Mineralogical Society, founded in 1817 in St. Petersburg, united lovers of nature with a variety of interests, covering in addition to mineralogy itself also geology, petrography, paleontology, volcanology, etc. Already in the first decades the members of the Mineralogical society have contributed much to the knowledge of Russian geology. Beginning from the 60s of the 19th century and up to the organization of the Geological Committee, the Mineralogical Society led the study of the geological structure of Russia in order to compile a geological map of Russia. The results of these studies and the methodology developed by the Mineralogical Society formed the basis for the subsequent activities of the Geological Committee established in 1882.
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Date submitted2002-06-28
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Date accepted2002-07-27
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Date published2003-01-01
Key events in the history of CNIGRI – VSEGEI
- Authors:
- A. I. Zhamoida
The work of the successor of the Geological Committee, VSEGEI, since 1929, is characterized. Among the key events of the institution's history the following were singled out: the concentration of work on solving main national economic problems, the beginning of work on creating the first polistaya State Geological Map on scale 1:1000000, a scientific summary of the results of geological, metallogenic and methodological research for the 100th anniversary of the Geological Committee - VSEGEI, and others.
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Date submitted2002-06-30
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Date accepted2002-07-14
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Date published2003-01-01
Assessment of the probability of involvement in the development of mineral reserves with different levels of availability
- Authors:
- K. N. Trubetskoi
- A. A. Peshkov
- N. A. Matsko
An approach to assessing the availability of mineral resources and reserves is outlined. Examples of changes in the availability of reserves in the process of their exploration, preparation, development and processing are given. The influence of scientific and technological progress on the availability of deposits is shown. The dependences of the probabilities of involvement in the development of mineral reserves on the level of their availability are established.