Engineering-geological region of Far East is rather risky for operation of railway structures which is defined by changing engineering-geological conditions. The authors suggest their difficulty evaluation approach based on the analysis of engineering-geological conditions integral index defining the rate of the areas’ and sections usefulness for transportation assimilation using fuzzy logic theory.

The causes and conditions of landslide hazard in a 35 m deep, 240 m long rock excavation located at 46 km of the Izvestkovaya - Chegdomyn line, passing in the eastern marginal part of the Bureyn middle massif, which is central to the Amur geoblock of the Pacific mobile belt, characterized by complex and diverse engineering and geological conditions, were studied in detail. Seven fracture systems have been identified, three of which are major. A general conclusion is valid for the whole caving area: the fracture hollowness of rocks is abnormally high, and the blockiness of rocks is dense. Three zones have been studied in the weathering crust, their total thickness is about 40 m. Stability of excavation slopes is a little more than unity, but during earthquakes of intensity 4.0 points and more, collapses up to several hundred cubic meters are possible.

In connection with the ever-increasing attempts to use system methodology in engineering-geological research, an important task of analyzing and defining the appropriate range of concepts and terms, on the basis of which it would be possible to set new problems and search for new solutions.

The growth of the world mineral production is 5-6 % per year. The share of open pit mining is growing especially fast. For all its advantages, this method of mineral extraction causes great changes in the geological environment.