-
Date submitted2003-06-07
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Date accepted2003-07-20
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Date published2004-01-01
Competitiveness of FEC companies from the perspective of new organizational and technological measures
- Authors:
- Yu. R. Vyakhirev
Global energy trends mean that the mere possession of raw materials no longer guarantees profits. The decisive factor in the competitiveness of companies becomes access directly to the end market, which requires mastering a new concept of vertical integration that differs from traditional approaches.
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Date submitted2003-06-03
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Date accepted2003-07-17
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Date published2004-01-01
Longitudinal studies of the stress-strain state of load-bearing structures in St. Petersburg Metro stations during operation
- Authors:
- N. I. Kulagin
- K. P. Bezrodnyi
- M. O. Lebedev
The results of long-term studies of the stress-strain state (SSS) of structural elements of St. Petersburg subway stations are presented. The obtained data indicate the continued growth of stresses on the linings during operation. At steady mountain pressure at the end of the observations, the redistribution of the stress state in the cross section of the stations continues.
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-27
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Date published2004-01-01
Problems of calculation of mine workings and underground structures lining
- Authors:
- N. S. Bulychev
The problems of calculation of mine workings' supports and underground structures' coverings, connected with application of the currently recognized provisions of the theory (mechanics) of underground structures to concrete objects of underground construction, are considered. According to the principle of interaction of shielding (lining) with an array of rocks, the stress state of underground structures depends on the characteristics of the initial field of stresses in the array, as well as the deformation characteristics of the rock material of structures. A special and significant role is played by the influence of underground construction technology to control the stress state of support structures. The correctness and reliability of the calculation also depends on the calculation methods used.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-22
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Date published2004-01-01
Forecasting technique of tunnel exploitation stability of St. Petersburg underground
- Authors:
- A. G. Protosenya
- E. G. Kozin
In-situ measurements of tunnels deformation for Saint-Petersburg subway are given. Time dependable wave character of tunnels deformation in the form of rising and lowering was discovered. It was established that periodical rising and lowering of tunnels occur along the track section with disrupted rock mass and tectonic fissure. It was suggested that tunnel stability prediction technique is based on rate of it displacement.
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Date submitted2003-06-17
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Date accepted2003-07-29
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Date published2004-01-01
Calculation of tunnel linings of variable thickness taking into account the influence of the earth surface
A new analytical method for calculation of tunnel linings with thickness varying along the perimeter of cross-section, for the action of own weight of soil, pressure of ground water and liquid filling the tunnel, taking into account the influence of the earth surface, as well as the weight of buildings and structures on the surface, is proposed. The method is based on the consideration of interaction between the underground structure and the surrounding ground massif as elements of a single deformable system. Examples of calculations illustrating this method are given.
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Date submitted2003-06-13
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Date accepted2003-07-19
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Date published2004-01-01
Specific features of the formation of the vertical load on the column lining of the "Komendantsky Prospekt" subway station
- Authors:
- P. A. Demenkov
The paper shows the nature of formation of the vertical load on the column-type lining of the "Komendantsky Prospekt" station of the St. Petersburg subway deep-laid with regard to the technology of its construction. On the basis of numerous field studies, mathematical modeling by the finite element method (FEM) was carried out. The three-dimensional elastic and viscoelastic models at various stages of the station construction were used for the calculations. The calculations resulted in the construction of epures of vertical load distribution on the deep-filled metro station column lining. The character and regularities of its formation without and taking into account the influence of the middle tunnel face were revealed.
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Date submitted2003-06-11
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Date accepted2003-07-06
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Date published2004-01-01
Application of similarity theory in geomechanics
- Authors:
- Yu. N. Ogorodnikov
The active mine workings are considered as full-scale models. It is shown that the database containing the data on mining-geological conditions, types, parameters and states of mine workings support, adapted for the selection of full-scale models according to the similarity conditions, allows to use effectively the accumulated experience of underground workings operation to justify the reliable decisions at the development of new sections of deposits.
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Date submitted2003-06-14
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Date accepted2003-07-05
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Date published2004-01-01
Mathematical model of rock massif deformation and fracture
- Authors:
- A. G. Olovyannyi
A mathematical model of rocks as a continuous medium, describing the deformation and fracture along the oriented directions of existing or emerging systems of weakening, is proposed. Its main provisions: the strength of rocks of elementary volume is evaluated at each stage of loading along the possible directions; the degree of loading along the corresponding planes, determined by the acting stresses and strength properties along the planes of disturbances and solid material, is taken as a measure of stress state; irreversible deformation and destruction in the material develop along the planes with intensity that depends on the degree of loading along them. Examples of calculation of deformation of cylindrical samples of salt rocks under conditions of short-term and long-term laboratory tests using the proposed model are given.
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Date submitted2003-06-10
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Date accepted2003-07-05
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Date published2004-01-01
Mathematical modeling of the action of explosive stress waves on mine workings
- Authors:
- V. V. Karpenko
- A. V. Karpenko
- G. A. Kolton
The joint impact of static and dynamic stress fields on the mine workings is considered, tensile stress zones are determined, and the process of brittle failure of rock in the contour areas of the mine workings is modeled. The study of such influences on the mine workings is based on the methodological principles of mathematical modeling of physical processes in complex systems formulated in the article [1].
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Date submitted2003-06-07
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Date accepted2003-07-09
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Date published2004-01-01
Rock structure and scale effect
- Authors:
- A. N. Stavrogin
Under conditions of uniaxial compression at strain rate variation from 10 +2 to 10 -8 s -1, samples of natural rock salt were investigated for strength. For the first time, a 40% drop in strength in the range of high speeds and a decrease in the work of fracture by tens of times were found, which contradicts the kinetic concepts. Experiments carried out on salt samples artificially produced by pressing at a pressure of 700 MPa showed good agreement with kinetic representations. The difference in the properties of natural salt and artificially prepared samples is explained by the difference in their structure: natural salt is characterized by a large scattering of structural crystallite sizes.
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Date submitted2003-06-06
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Date accepted2003-07-30
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Date published2004-01-01
Regularities of the formation of the vault displacement during layered mining of ore deposits
- Authors:
- D. A. Potemkin
The results of numerical modeling of the stress-strain state (STS) of the rock mass during mining in complex mining and geological conditions are considered. The revealed regularities of influence of presence and thickness of artificial protective overlap on the mode of deformation of the enclosing massif allow to specify ideas about the role of protective overlap during development of rich ores.
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Date submitted2003-06-05
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Date accepted2003-07-02
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Date published2004-01-01
Calculation of thermal stresses in the ground mass around the chamber, where the temperature is maintained by radioactive decay
- Authors:
- A. G. Protosenya
- A. K. Chernikov
- G. N. Zhurov
The thermoplastic problem under the Coulomb condition about the stress-strain state of the soil mass around the chamber with a deposit of radioactive material is considered.
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Date submitted2003-06-09
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Date accepted2003-07-09
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Date published2004-01-01
Development of St. Petersburg subway tunnel lining stress-strain state during operation
- Authors:
- M. O. Lebedev
The results of long-term studies of the stress-strain state (SSS) formation of the St. Petersburg subway lines are presented. The data obtained testify to the continuing growth of loads on the linings during operation. The source of load growth is vibration, which is transmitted to the outer contour of the lining and contributes to the vibration compaction of the soil mass.
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Date submitted2003-06-30
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Date accepted2003-07-10
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Date published2004-01-01
Stress-strain state of the pillar-mass system around the RAW chambers
- Authors:
- M. A. Karasev
The distribution of temperature and rock pressure stresses with regard to the temperature factor around underground radioactive waste (RAW) repositories in the underground space is considered. The geological formations taken are blue clays deposited in the Northwest region of Russia. The problem is solved by the finite element method. Influence of a temperature factor on the stress-strain state of the support-mass system was found out. The surface elevation from the temperature in the RAW chambers has been established. The analysis of the influence of the RAW chambers on each other has been made. The patterns of horizontal and vertical stresses distribution along the chamber axis were found.
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Date submitted2003-06-30
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Date accepted2003-07-20
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Date published2004-01-01
Assessment of compliance of mining and backfill operations design parameters at Verkhnekamsk potash mines with mining and geological conditions from the perspective of geodynamic safety of the subsurface and the earth's surface
The methodology and results of the numerical estimation of the stress-strain state (SSS) of the undermined rock mass under the design parameters of mining operations at the First Berezniki potash mine are considered. The geological structure of the rock mass and the propensity of salt rocks to creep and relaxation are taken into account.
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Date submitted2003-06-02
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Date accepted2003-07-12
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Date published2004-01-01
Mountain roof strikes: conditions of occurrence and forms of manifestation
- Authors:
- V. M. Shik
The conditions of occurrence of rock bumps of the roof, which on the reasons of occurrence, forms of manifestations, consequences, methods of forecasting and prevention are fundamentally different from the rock bumps, the seat of which is formed in the developed coal seam. The potential energy is accumulated due to the elastic bending of the main roof rocks in accordance with the laws of deformation of inclined plates. At the moment immediately preceding the first subsidence, its value can reach 10 8 J, which is comparable with catastrophic rock shocks and earthquakes. In systems, developments with long and short clearing faces can take place. Reduction of the danger is achieved by increasing the length of the face and unstrengthening the roof rocks. The methods used to prevent formation shocks may be ineffective when there is a danger of rock bumps on the roof.
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Date submitted2003-06-09
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Date accepted2003-07-28
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Date published2004-01-01
Full-scale studies of the impact of dynamic phenomena on mine workings
- Authors:
- O. V. Kolosova
At the mines of the Severouralsk bauxite basin deposits are developed at a depth of 900-1000 m and it is planned to design and develop new horizons at a depth of 1500-2000 m. At greater depths, mining and geological conditions of deposit development become sharply more complicated, and dynamic forms of manifestations of rock pressure intensify. Mining strikes occur under a certain combination of mining-geological and mining-technical conditions. These combinations are extremely diverse and are associated with the influence of many factors, which determine not only the occurrence of rock bumps, but also their strength and the nature of the impact on mine workings. A survey of mine workings of mines in the Severouralsk bauxite basin was carried out in order to determine the compliance of the types and parameters of fastenings used with mining-geological and mining-technical conditions.
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Date submitted2003-06-07
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Date accepted2003-07-12
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Date published2004-01-01
The issues of geomechanical justification of effective mining of reserves in mine fields
The paper describes the methodology of solving the problem of determining the degree of mutual influence of mining works on different horizons during the development of reserves of mine fields. By the example of mining three horizons of Starobinskoye deposit, the results of solving mining-geomechanical problems on the assessment of the stress-strain state (SSS) in the zones of influence of mined-out spaces of the salt massif are presented. The dependences for calculating the stress concentration coefficient at different configurations of the front of the development of mining works are proposed.
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Date submitted2003-06-09
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Date accepted2003-07-07
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Date published2004-01-01
Geomechanical substantiation of parameters for potash ore follow-up extraction from pillars using a drill auger excavation
On the example of Starobinskoye deposit the criteria determining the choice of development systems and possible ways to increase the extraction of potassium reservoirs are considered. Different principal schemes of sylvinite extraction from pillars by auger drilling technology are proposed. The method of geomechanical justification of the parameters of pillar extraction is developed. The results of the estimation of the stress-strain state (STS) of pillars and their host massif for the characteristic time moments of the pillar delineation of mined-out spaces are given.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-01
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Date published2004-01-01
Influence of the construction protective coating on the stress and strain state of the ore rock massif
- Authors:
- D. A. Potemkin
The regularities of the formation of the vault displacement during the construction of mine workings of the protective slab.
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Date submitted2003-06-03
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Date accepted2003-07-10
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Date published2004-01-01
Estimation of deformation and strength characteristics of the tunnel's host rocks by seismic data
- Authors:
- O. V. Boiko
The obtained dependencies between the values of deformation-strength characteristics of host rocks for the North-Muisk Tunnel obtained from seismic data and geological parameters recorded during tunneling by the coefficient of hardness of rocks on the Protodyakonov scale for granites of different composition are presented.
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Date submitted2003-06-01
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Date accepted2003-07-17
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Date published2004-01-01
Specific features of well construction in conditions of inelastic deformation of salt deposits
- Authors:
- N. I. Slyusarev
- S. P. Mozer
- R. A. Ibraev
The issues of drilling and construction of wells under unequal components of rock pressure in saline sediments are considered. The main factors that reduce the stability of the wellbore are given. Reflects the issues associated with the choice of the type of drilling fluid to exclude harmful manifestations of rock pressure.
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-24
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Date published2004-01-01
Manifestation of rock pressure in the capital and preparatory workings in the saline rocks of the Internatsionalny mine
The results of field observations of displacements of salt-bearing rocks of the Charskaya Formation in the vicinity of mine workings at the underground Internationalny mine, as well as tests of rock samples are presented. The causes of negative deformation processes in the mine workings support are outlined.
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Date submitted2003-06-01
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Date accepted2003-07-10
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Date published2004-01-01
Methodology for evaluating the stability of viscoplastic rocks in the walls of deep wells
- Authors:
- L. K. Gorshkov
- V. G. Gorelikov
Stability of viscoplastic rocks (clays, salts, ice) in the walls of deep wells can be evaluated based on the theory of aging (steady-state creep), for which we propose a proven in practice methodology for determining the stresses on the contour of the wellbore section, radial displacements of points on this contour and their speed.
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Date submitted2003-06-22
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Date accepted2003-07-06
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Date published2004-01-01
Designing parameters of drilling fluids and flushing regimes during well drilling
- Authors:
- I. E. Dolgii
The results of studies on the development of parameters of drilling fluids and flushing modes when drilling vertical, deviated and horizontal wells, as well as the methodology for determining the optimal parameters of drilling fluids and drilling modes are presented.
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Date submitted2003-06-16
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Date accepted2003-07-30
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Date published2004-01-01
Determination of the rational length of horizontal transport excavations of underground structures
- Authors:
- V. N. Makishin
- Yu. A. Zudikhin
The influence of natural conditions and design parameters of underground economic structures built in mountainous terrain on the length of their horizontal transport excavations has been studied. The method of determining the length of tunnels taking into account the terrain relief and the height of technological chambers is considered.
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Date submitted2003-06-12
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Date accepted2003-07-13
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Date published2004-01-01
Specific features of rock mass deformation around excavations, taking into account their anisotropy
- Authors:
- I. E. Dolgii
- D. I. Raevskii
- A. A. Silantev
The methods of determining the parameters of anisotropy of rocks, containing mine workings, the nature of the deformation of rocks in the contour zone during elastic-plastic deformation are shown. The issues of determining the shapes and sizes of inelastic deformation zones depending on the physical and mechanical properties of rocks, the depth of mine workings and the size of the cross-sectional section are considered.
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Date submitted2003-06-11
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Date accepted2003-07-02
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Date published2004-01-01
Improving the efficiency of construction of conjunctions of capital mine workings through the use of anchoring
- Authors:
- E. V. Kiteleva
- V. V. Pershin
On the basis of the analysis of the used types of anchor supports and calculation of their parameters the advanced technology of capital mine workings conjugations construction is developed and the field of its application is substantiated. By the example of construction of one of the conjunctions of Raspadskaya mine the technical and economic efficiency of the developed technological schemes is shown.
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Date submitted2003-06-19
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Date accepted2003-07-30
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Date published2004-01-01
Parametric support for calculations of long-term stability of structures during construction and reconstruction of buildings in the territory of development of weak water-saturated sandy-clay sediments
- Authors:
- R. E. Dashko
- A. V. Shidlovskaya
The main leading factors (changes in the stress state of rocks at the base of structures, physico-chemical and biochemical conditions) determining the long-term stability of surface structures are analyzed. It is noted that filtration consolidation is not of practical importance when considering the compressibility of rocks. The influence of physico-chemical factors on sandy-clayey rocks is evident when polluted by runoff with a wide range of mineralization and composition. The effect of intensification of microbial activity, during which biochemical gases are formed and the increase in the content of bacterial mass, on reducing the strength and deformation capacity of clayey rocks is particularly emphasized. It was found that the transformed clay rocks are usually characterized by the presence of quasi-plastic state.
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Date submitted2003-06-01
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Date accepted2003-07-23
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Date published2004-01-01
Geomechanical analysis of St. Petersburg bedrock clays as a fractured-block environment
- Authors:
- R. E. Dashko
- A. V. Volkova
The features of the structure of the St. Petersburg bedrock clay massif as a fractured-block environment are considered. The genesis of fracture formation due to tectonic and non-tectonic factors is analyzed, the zoning structure of the clay strata along the depth of the section, which is determined by the block size and the range of humidity and density changes. The regularities of changes in the parameters of shear resistance and general deformation modulus of clays by depth, as well as the influence of the scale effect on the same parameters of mechanical properties, are presented.
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Date submitted2003-06-08
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Date accepted2003-07-26
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Date published2004-01-01
Calculation of the parameters of artificial pillars in the ascending order of deposit mining
- Authors:
- D. Yu. Minaev
- E. I. Boguslavskii
The stress state of artificial monolithic pillars under the combined system of field development, which is affected by the rock pressure of hanging wall rocks and the active pressure of loose rock filling located in the chamber of the 2nd stage, was analyzed. As a result of calculations the optimum length of of the 1st stage chamber is 8 m, length of the 2nd stage II chamber is 40 m, hardening deposit strength is 3 MPa.
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Date submitted2003-06-07
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Date accepted2003-07-30
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Date published2004-01-01
Influence of depth on the stability of brine chambers, laid on the dome-type fields
- Authors:
- S. A. Tolstunov
- S. P. Mozer
The issues of laying of chambers on the brine fields of great depths are considered. The factors that have a favorable impact on the stability of underground dissolution chambers have been revealed. It is proposed to develop the reserves of dome-type deposits from depths of more than 2500 m.
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Date submitted2003-06-10
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Date accepted2003-07-12
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Date published2004-01-01
Geomechanical justification of rock mass model for the analysis of the limit state of pillars
An algorithm for selecting a mathematical model of the rock massif is presented. The finite difference method is used as a numerical solution method. The case of nonlinear rock deformation process is considered.
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Date submitted2003-06-28
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Date accepted2003-07-28
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Date published2004-01-01
Improvement of technological schemes of excavation areas in the development of high-gas-bearing coal seams at great depths
- Authors:
- A. V. Montikov
- A. P. Gospodarikov
- B. V. Bokii
The modern coal mines work at great depths, characterized by high natural gas content of the massif, which increases the intensity of gas release at high rates of movement of the working faces. A brief review of the experience of operating coal mines at great depths is given. The main directions of improvement of technological schemes of mine working areas are proposed.
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Date submitted2003-06-18
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Date accepted2003-07-13
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Date published2004-01-01
Evaluation of the influence of the blast pulse on the parameters of the blast funnel
- Authors:
- G. P. Zileev
- A. G. Zileev
The influence of the duration of the explosive pulse on the size of the resulting crater is investigated. Various factors affecting its size are considered. For this purpose, experiments were carried out at the mines of AO Sevuralboksitruda. It is established that the radius of the explosive funnel is equal to the radius of distribution of a wave of stresses for the duration of an explosive load, defined depending on the point of initiation of a charge, and cannot exceed the size of the radius of a cracking zone at influence on a monolithic rock massif by energy of explosion of an elongated charge. The minimum length of the charge, providing the maximum possible size of the blast funnel radius, depends on the initiation scheme, the detonation rate of the explosive used, physical and mechanical properties of rocks of the blasted massif and is determined by the obtained formulas.
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Date submitted2003-06-08
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Date accepted2003-07-12
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Date published2004-01-01
Recommendations for investment feasibility studies in the design of geothermal power plants
- Authors:
- E. I. Boguslavskii
On the basis of economic-mathematical models (EMM) a comparative assessment of the influence of the main natural factors on the design, technological, exergy and economic parameters and performance of geothermal heating systems (GHS) was carried out. It allowed creating and recommending a new express methodology of their calculation on the territory of Russia. The created methods of EMM and express analysis can provide the first stages of GHS design and, in particular, justification of investments and development of business plans. Examples are given for promising regions of Russia.
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Date submitted2003-06-16
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Date accepted2003-07-20
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Date published2004-01-01
Parameter development of polymeric steel tie bolt of the field workings at the mine SUBR
- Authors:
- E. I. Mikulin
- R. G. Minzaripov
The manufacturing application experience at SUBR mines of a steel-polymeric roof bolts is given. New parameters of roof bolts, for SUBR excavations, based on theoretical and practical researches are obtained. The results of experimental-industrial tests of lateral excavation supported by new designed steel-polymeric roof bolts are shown. The economical estimation of the steel-polymeric support is given.
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-04
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Date published2004-01-01
A century of life dedicated to the formation and development of domestic surveying (on the 100th anniversary of the birth of Ivan N. Ushakov)
- Authors:
- V. N. Gusev
The article is devoted to professor I.N. Ushakov, who lived and worked at the Mining Institute at the department of mine surveying, and who celebrated his 100th birthday on March 21, 2004. Since 1924 he connected his fate with the Department of Surveying and for 80 years at the Institute went from student to professor - one of the leading scientists in the country and abroad in the field of surveying in the subsoil.
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Date submitted2003-06-18
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Date accepted2003-07-17
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Date published2004-01-01
Consideration of the effect of humidity on the volumetric density of coal in the calculation of its reserves
- Authors:
- R. A. Takranov
The evidence for the inverse relationship between volumetric density (apparent mass) and the natural moisture of coal in the massif is given. Natural moisture is proportional to porosity, which is inversely proportional to the bulk density. This pattern must be taken into account in the calculated method of determining the volumetric density of coal in the massif. When estimating humidity from samples, which is usually less than the humidity of the corresponding seam, the determined density of coal in the massif is higher than the density of coal in the sample. In this case, the correction for moisture has a "plus" sign, which is caused by another pattern associated with incomplete filling of the pore space with moisture in the sample, compared with the full water saturation of coal under natural conditions in the array.
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Date submitted2003-06-14
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Date accepted2003-07-16
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Date published2004-01-01
Principle scheme for obtaining displacements and deformations of layers of the undermined strata with an undetermined mineral extraction line
- Authors:
- V. N. Gusev
- V. N. Monakhov
- V. V. Guryanov
Outlined a method for obtaining shifts and deformations from observations of shifts of deep benchmarks for cases where the direction of the line of extraction of a useful component (methane from coal seams through wells) is not known in advance.
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Date submitted2003-06-13
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Date accepted2003-07-26
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Date published2004-01-01
Mining of thick deposits within the boundaries of safety pillars with compacted filling of the mined-out space
- Authors:
- Kh. I. Aglyukov
- A. E. Udalov
- S. N. Zelentsov
A cost-effective method of mining a thick sloping deposit using compacted rock filling instead of solidifying is proposed. Calculations by the finite element method showed the acceptability of the proposed technology for mining of protected objects on the earth's surface.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-22
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Date published2004-01-01
Developments of VNIMI for mine surveying services of mining industries
- Authors:
- G. P. Zhukov
- E. V. Goncharov
A list of revised and newly developed surveying normative and methodical documents is given. The analysis of new editions of the Instructions for the production of surveying in the mining, oil and gas industry. A number of new mine-surveyor documents are proposed for development.
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Date submitted2003-06-19
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Date accepted2003-07-01
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Date published2004-01-01
Assessment of operational losses in open-pit mining during the restructuring of the Russian coal industry
- Authors:
- E. N. Labutin
- A. I. Limberg
- I. P. Ivanov
The issues of completeness of extraction of coal reserves from the subsurface in open-pit mining are considered. It is noted that compliance with legislation on subsurface resources and measures taken by surface mines to increase the level of extraction of reserves provided a standard level of extraction of coal reserves from the subsurface during the restructuring of the industry.
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-29
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Date published2004-01-01
Ergonomic assessment of surveying tools
The ergonomic assessment of surveying systems functioning is considered and the multifactor analysis for characterizing their ergonomics is offered. The pilot estimation of the MVG-1 gyrocompass was carried out.
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Date submitted2003-06-08
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Date accepted2003-07-21
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Date published2004-01-01
Optimization of the number of classes when estimating probability distributions of properties of natural objects
- Authors:
- L. P. Vlasevskii
A review of approaches to determining the number of intervals in the construction of histograms is made. A contradiction between the accuracy and detail of representation of probability distribution curves of properties of natural objects is shown. A new analytical expression for the optimal number of classes that resolves this contradiction is proposed.
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Date submitted2003-06-23
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Date accepted2003-07-16
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Date published2004-01-01
Optimization of costs of a mining company in the context of operational management
- Authors:
- N. A. Reinik
The shortcomings of the existing cost management system at mining enterprises are noted, and the advantages of the operational management system, the implementation of which will allow the management of enterprises to make the best management decisions, are also considered. The cost accounting system that is currently in use at mining enterprises does not allow for evaluating and monitoring the performance of individual production units and does not provide information about where costs arise. In this connection, there is a need to create a new system for managing production costs. In order to create such a system at enterprises it is necessary to improve the organizational structure of the enterprise, standardization of information of economic services, organization of information system on the basis of automated multifunctional network systems. The application of new methods of cost accounting will increase the efficiency of enterprise management.
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Date submitted2003-06-01
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Date accepted2003-07-18
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Date published2004-01-01
Research of regularities of geotechnological and qualimetric indicators of coals of the Tkibulskoe deposit
- Authors:
- A. N. Sheremet
The author performed the analysis of complex qualimetric systems. The established equations of multiple regression allow to estimate a degree of influence of each factor on value of this or that investigated parameter. Research of variability of influence coefficients at factors-arguments will allow to approach reasonably to preliminary sorting of the data of field tests or laboratory tests at indirect methods of pre-calculation of one indicators on other.
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Date submitted2003-06-27
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Date accepted2003-07-10
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Date published2004-01-01
Study of invariant properties of massif fracturing under conditions of homogeneous geological structure
- Authors:
- V. N. Gusev
- A. S. Zarukin
- A. N. Sheremet
The results of the analysis of the invariance of fracture parameter distributions are presented, the invariance of the structural features of the second derivatives of the corresponding distribution functions of azimuths, dip angles, and distances between fractures being chosen as the criterion. The invariance studies performed in combination with the fractal analysis allowed us to identify the main macrostructures in the sandstone and coal layers, which was the basis for optimizing the volume of field observations of the fracturing of the massif.
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Date submitted2003-06-12
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Date accepted2003-07-25
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Date published2004-01-01
Sonars for measuring the depth of blast wells
- Authors:
- V. A. Golovanov
The issues of creating echolocation devices for measuring the depth of blast wells are considered. Control of the depth of the drilled wells is important to improve the reliability of information about the chipped massif. This helps to reduce mineral loss and improve crushing of the blasted massif. The first samples of sonars of this type were created at the Leningrad Mining Institute. Subsequently, according to the same scheme devices were developed at other enterprises. Dependences between borehole diameter and pulse frequency are given, as well as the results of studies of sonar resolving ability.
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Date submitted2003-06-07
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Date accepted2003-07-07
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Date published2004-01-01
On the influence of the construction technology of St. Petersburg metro stations on the process of shifting the earth's surface
- Authors:
- M. V. Dolgikh
- E. M. Volokhov
The effects of the construction of two column stations of the St. Petersburg subway are considered. Based on the comparison of these effects, as well as on the mathematical modeling of the stages of tunneling works, the analysis of the probable causes of additional subsidence of the ground surface above the stations under construction is given. The possible causes of some specific manifestations of geomechanical processes associated with the application of the new technology of sinking the middle hall of the station column with an advance support are outlined.
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Date submitted2003-06-29
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Date accepted2003-07-19
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Date published2004-01-01
Deriving the equations of surfaces of rotation by transforming the equation of the Earth ellipsoid
- Authors:
- S. A. Korobkov
The derivation of the equations of rotation surfaces in the form of tensor transformations of the canonical equation of the Earth ellipsoid is given.
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Date submitted2003-06-03
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Date accepted2003-07-12
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Date published2004-01-01
Equalization of free spatial networks
- Authors:
- S. V. Tyurin
The features of equating free and zero-free spatial geodetic networks are considered. A numerical example of free spatial trilateration network equalization is given.
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Date submitted2003-06-18
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Date accepted2003-07-03
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Date published2004-01-01
On the evaluation of the reliability of geodetic constructions
- Authors:
- B. N. Dyakov
Reliability of geodetic networks is considered in the article from the position of its practical application. It is proposed to expand the notion of "reliability of geodetic network", namely to consider the possibility or impossibility of detecting a gross error in every measurement without exception as the main parameter of reliability. The role of the coarse error detection method is shown; it is argued that of all known methods of searching for coarse measurement errors only the method of overlaying correction plots gives the most complete information about the coarse measurement errors in a particular geodetic network.
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Date submitted2003-06-22
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Date accepted2003-07-08
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Date published2004-01-01
Determining the area of a plot using the coordinates of additional points of its sides
- Authors:
- M. Ya. Bryn
- A. V. Astapovich
- A. I. Kondratev
For a polygonal land plot with n vertices, it is proposed to determine along each side of the plot the coordinates of additional points. By performing a linear approximation on these data, n straight line equations can be obtained. The intersection of the (i – 1)th and ith straight lines will give the coordinates of the ith boundary marker, by which, using the known formulas, the area of the land lot can be calculated. Model studies of approximation accuracy and accuracy of determining the coordinates of boundary marks were made. It is shown that if the coordinates of intermediate points in every 2 meters along the sides of a square with side length 20 meters, the accuracy of definition of coordinates of boundary marks can be increased in 1.8 times and in 2.4 times if the points in every 1 meter. The corresponding number of times will also increase the accuracy of determining the area of the plot.
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Date submitted2003-06-26
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Date accepted2003-07-03
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Date published2004-01-01
On the problem of strict alignment of geodetic networks developed by a set of satellite navigation system stations
The problem of strict equation of geodetic networks developed by a set of stations of satellite navigation systems is raised, which is caused by the fact that as a result of post-processing by existing programs receive covariance matrices of errors of increments of spatial coordinates for each measured side of the geodetic network separately. The matrix does not take into account the correlation that is caused by the fact that the results of observations of many satellites are used simultaneously to determine the coordinate increments on all measured sides of the network. It is shown that for a rigorous equation, the covariance matrix of satellite measurement errors should be determined as a result of correlation analysis, and the equation should be performed by the regularized least squares method.
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Date submitted2003-06-03
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Date accepted2003-07-17
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Date published2004-01-01
State and prospects of using the railroad reference system
- Authors:
- V. I. Poletaev
Data on the types of geodetic work performed for the project of repair and control of the railroad track position is given, and it is shown that the lack of a reference network directly near the road leads to additional costs and does not allow to promptly identify deviations from the norms of its maintenance. The purpose and construction of the special reference system, introduced on the railroads of Russia, is considered. The methods of rail track position control are given and the reasons that make it difficult to put the system into permanent operation are analyzed.
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-18
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Date published2004-01-01
Geodetic breaking-down net for the bridge crossing of Kama river
The specifics of geodesic network creation for bridge transition across Kama River in the vicinity of Kazan are discussed. The construction of geodesic network consisting of regular shape figures was not possible due to the great length of the bridge transition, features characteristics of the locality and the position of control points, which were chosen for the commodity of construction. Linear-angular network gaunt along the axis of the transition was created. The network was based on the control points located on the short area. Due to these circumstances many additional measurements were done to achieve desirable precision of point positioning. The most reliable line of the net was determined using several variants of adjustment. This line was chosen as the initial for final calculations. The level lines were created in winter time on ice because the control points were separated by rivers. The created geodesic net was used during the following construction of piers of the bridges.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-08
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Date published2004-01-01
From the experience of creating a high-altitude separation network in the construction of out-of-grade bridges
- Authors:
- E. S. Bogomolova
- O. N. Malkovskii
The issues of creating high-altitude networks to support the construction of large and out-of-grade bridges are considered. The main attention is paid to the transfer of marks through large water obstacles by methods of geometric and trigonometric leveling. Recommendations are given on methods of performing leveling on ice for rivers with stable ice cover, as well as for transferring marks on rivers in the absence of a stable ice cover. During transfer of marks the possibility of using modern electronic total stations is considered. Concrete examples of works on transfer of marks by leveling on ice (bridge crossing of the Kama river several kilometers long) are given, and also experience of creation of a height network during construction of the cable-stayed bridge through the Neva river in Saint Petersburg with the help of high precision levels and electronic total station is described.
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Date submitted2003-06-17
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Date accepted2003-07-13
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Date published2004-01-01
Surveying work on the construction of the cable-stayed bridge over the Neva River in St. Petersburg
- Authors:
- O. P. Sergeev
The Department of Engineering Geodesy of the University of Railway Transport carries out geodesic works on the construction of the cable-stayed bridge across the Neva river in St. Petersburg. Two steel pylons of 124 m height each will hold on the steel cables – cable stays –the span of 670 m length (322 m – the river span and two shore spans of 174 m). The geodetic demarcation network for the bridge construction, including 51 points, was created with the use of electronic total stations and the GPS satellite system. Electronic total stations from "Leica", "Sokkia", "Topcon" with an accuracy of angles measurements of 2-3" and distances (2 + 2·10 -6 S) mm allow with high accuracy to mount the blocks of the pylon and the superstructure. Deformations of pylons and span arising due to the influence of wind and uneven heating by the sun, high requirements to the accuracy of installation of cable fastening devices in the span and pylons required the development of original methods of geodetic works with the use of laser and high-precision devices.
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Date submitted2003-06-14
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Date accepted2003-07-14
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Date published2004-01-01
Experience of using the SDL30 electronic level during tests of the Trinity Bridge
- Authors:
- E. S. Bogomolova
- O. P. Sergeev
- V. V. Sukhanov
The experience of using SDL30 electronic level during tests of the Trinity Bridge in St. Petersburg conducted in May 2003 is described. The deflections of spans were determined by the results of high-precision geometric leveling. The characteristics of the level used and some test results are given. The use of electronic levels significantly reduced the time of leveling and perform a large amount of work by one team of surveyors. It is proposed to use the electronic level, which allows to speed up significantly the measurement process and get rid of the routine work of processing the results.
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Date submitted2003-06-16
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Date accepted2003-07-29
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Date published2004-01-01
Application of quantum effects to create measurement standards of physical quantities
- Authors:
- R.-B.B. Stanislavichyus
The successes achieved in the creation of measurement standards of physical quantities using Josephson and Hall quantum effects are investigated. Current trends in the creation of a mass standard related to fundamental physical constants are outlined. The way of transition from centralized metrological support of working measuring instruments to decentralized.
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Date submitted2003-06-09
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Date accepted2003-07-13
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Date published2004-01-01
Determination of latitude and azimuth without the aid of a chronometer by a star with unknown coordinates
- Authors:
- I. S. Pandul
A new original method of determining the astronomical azimuth of the direction without knowing the coordinates of the location, sidereal time, and equatorial coordinates of the star is proposed. The azimuth is determined by double measurements of the zenith distances of the same star, horizontal directions to it, and measurements with a stopwatch of the difference of hour angles. A theoretical justification of the method is given and the most favorable observational conditions are investigated. The technique of measurements, sequence of field stages of work is given. The schemes of the observation log and calculation sheets are given. The proposed method will allow wider implementation of astronomical azimuth determinations in the practice of topographic and applied geodetic works.
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Date submitted2003-06-26
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Date accepted2003-07-06
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Date published2004-01-01
Determination of internal orientation elements of digital images
- Authors:
- Yu. N. Kornilov
- T. V. Burkova
- Yu. Yu. Volkova
The methodology for determining the internal orientation elements of digital images for fixed values of camera lens installation is considered. Experimental studies with a 5-megapixel Olympus camera were performed, which confirm the validity of the proposed solutions.
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Date submitted2003-06-12
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Date accepted2003-07-21
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Date published2004-01-01
A study of the accuracy of distance measurement with the Leica DISTO Pro laser tape measure
- Authors:
- V. V. Petrov
- K. N. Shkavera
The work is devoted to the investigation of the accuracy characteristics of reflectorless laser rangefinders. The method of evaluation of accuracy of measured distances for different reflecting surfaces, based on the analysis of differences of measured distances at two reflector positions, fixed independently with increased accuracy, is presented. The measurement technique involved the use of reflective surfaces of two colors set at different angles to the laser beam. The proposed approach was applied to the laser tape measure "DISTO Pro" model of the Swiss company "Leica". For the conditions of real measurements simulated in the experiments, the numerical values of the errors of the examined tape measure were obtained. Based on the results of processing the data obtained, conclusions were made about the possibility of improving the accuracy of such linear measurements.
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Date submitted2003-06-13
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Date accepted2003-07-28
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Date published2004-01-01
A study of the distortion of images taken with digital cameras
- Authors:
- K. N. Shkavera
- Yu. N. Kornilov
- A. S. Kirillova
The images obtained with digital cameras (Olympus, Sony) were analyzed and SCANCORRET module of digital photogrammetric station PHOTOMOD was used to correct distortions.
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Date submitted2003-06-27
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Date accepted2003-07-14
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Date published2004-01-01
Determination of plumb line deviation components using space navigation system consumer equipment
- Authors:
- A. I. Yakovlev
A method of determining the components of the plumb line deviation (ξ, η) by comparing the results of geometric levelling with exceedances determined using the equipment of space navigation systems consumers is proposed. The possibility of defining components of plumb line deviation is theoretically substantiated. On a specific practical example, the values of ξ, η are determined with an accuracy of about 0.5-1.0".
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Date submitted2003-06-06
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Date accepted2003-07-16
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Date published2004-01-01
State regulation of environmentally safe use of land resources at the present stage
- Authors:
- V. A. Pavlova
The necessity of purposeful intervention of the state in the sphere of ecological relations, especially in the field of ecological safety of land resources use is substantiated. In the course of research, the main tasks of state regulation of ecological safety are defined. Techniques and methods of influence of various mechanisms of the state regulation on managing subjects are considered. The greatest attention is given to the analysis of traditionally established methods of organizational and legal mechanism of regulation, as well as the possibilities of using these methods in modern conditions. The methods of economic and socio-economic mechanisms of state regulation of environmental safety are also considered.
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Date submitted2003-06-08
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Date accepted2003-07-09
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Date published2004-01-01
Improvement of the system of taxation of settlement lands
- Authors:
- L. N. Smirnova
- V. A. Pavlova
The existing approaches to the taxation of settlement lands are considered. The drawbacks of the current mechanism of land taxation are described, and the advantages of using the results of cadastral valuation to determine land tax are analyzed.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-27
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Date published2004-01-01
Assessment of the current state of the land market of the Russian Federation in the urban cadaster system
- Authors:
- E. N. Bykova
The analysis of the state of land legislation and the land market, which at this period of time is quite unstable and requires significant changes in management, was carried out. While studying the structure of transactions and operations with land plots, the land market was structured into three segments, differing by the objects of purchase and sale and the motives of buyers and sellers. Also, the work highlighted the significant shortcomings of the land market and proposed a variant of its more effective functioning, and the conditions necessary for the preparation stage of the land market were developed.
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Date submitted2003-06-03
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Date accepted2003-07-16
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Date published2004-01-01
Socio-economic substantiation of the rational use of real estate in the historic center of St. Petersburg
- Authors:
- K. S. Shanina
The problem of rational use of real estate in the historical center of St. Petersburg is investigated. The disadvantages of the existing use are considered and the mechanism of improving the existing situation, based on the socio-economic justification of the provision of land plots to enterprises and organizations, is proposed.
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Date submitted2003-06-05
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Date accepted2003-07-28
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Date published2004-01-01
Use of GIS-technologies for zoning the territory of Frunzensky District of St. Petersburg
- Authors:
- V. A. Kiselev
- E. V. Semeoshenkova
The zoning of urban areas is the basis of the taxation system. The constant development of cities leads to changes in the factors reflecting the conditions of exploitation of territories. This causes the need to promptly change the existing zoning scheme. Reasonable and prompt changes are possible only on the basis of geographic information systems. During zoning, influencing factors are converted into graphical objects of GIS-project layers. In the GIS-project layers-factors are superimposed on each other, taking into account the sign of influence. As a result, zones are obtained that have similar total coefficients. If the boundaries of the obtained zones do not coincide with the boundaries of the existing zones, it is recommended to change the existing boundaries taking into account the new conditions. The proposed technology is tested on the example of zoning the territory of Frunzensky district of St. Petersburg. The above approach makes it possible to promptly adjust not only the zoning scheme, but also to reasonably change the taxation rates, which will lead to an increase in the efficiency of the use of the city territory.
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Date submitted2003-06-14
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Date accepted2003-07-30
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Date published2004-01-01
On the problem of environmental zoning of urban areas based on geographic information systems
- Authors:
- M. A. Nevskaya
- V. A. Kiselev
- E. I. Dompalm
In the new economic conditions, the problem of assessing the environmental condition of the territory of St. Petersburg is very urgent. The solution of this problem is associated with the need for collection and joint processing of different types of information. Collection, storage, processing and presentation of data can be performed most effectively with the help of geo-information systems (GIS). The geographic information system will form a GIS-project, which creates digital maps of the territory, reflecting the current state of the ecosystem on various factors. Processing of the collected information is proposed to carry out by means of geospatial analysis.
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Date submitted2003-06-23
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Date accepted2003-07-08
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Date published2004-01-01
Express assessment of functional depreciation of real estate objects
- Authors:
- V. G. Gorelikov
- L. K. Gorshkov
The mass valuation of real estate does not allow taking into account individual features of buildings that can have a significant impact on the value of the object. In this case certain difficulties arise in the calculation of functional depreciation. The method of operative definition of functional depreciation of real estate with the use of compilations of consolidated indicators of restoration value is suggested.
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Date submitted2003-06-13
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Date accepted2003-07-09
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Date published2004-01-01
Consideration of environmental and economic consequences of mechanized logging when compiling the land cadaster
- Authors:
- V. F. Kovyazin
The results of the study of forest biogeocenoses undergoing thinning are presented. Six main factors affecting the stand during thinning are identified. The methodology, formulas and examples of calculation of the ecological and economic consequences of thinning with regard to each factor are presented. Based on the results of the research, a scale for evaluating mechanized operations using the integral index of anthropogenic impact was developed.
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-23
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Date published2004-01-01
Green spaces in the St. Petersburg cadaster system
- Authors:
- I. I. Minkevich
- V. F. Kovyazin
- V. M. Shabnov
When compiling the cadaster of the city, two years of observations on the green spaces of St. Petersburg were carried out. The main attention of the authors was paid to the English oak (summer oak) as a species with a point habitat, but widely used in the park construction of the northern capital. Suburban parks, created in the 18th century by the Russian tsars, were chosen as objects of research. These are the Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve, Babolovsky and Separate Parks in Pushkin, and the Dubki Park in Sestroretsk. The history and technology of creation of plantations, groups and solitaries are established, growth dynamics and modern successions of oak by other species are shown. Proposed measures for the care of green spaces, which will be taken into account in the future maintenance of the inventory.