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Date submitted2022-11-21
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Date accepted2024-05-02
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Date published2024-08-26
M1 formation tectono-structural features and gas-oil potential within Archinskaya area Paleozoic basement (Western Siberia)
- Authors:
- Vladimir B. Belozerov
- Mikhail O. Korovin
Western Siberian Plate basement oil and gas potential evaluation largely depends on structural and stratigraphic complex architecture representation. New modern procedures for seismic data processing, detailed Paleozoic deposits stratigraphic studies and expanded geophysical well logging significantly change the representation of the basement rocks fold-block structure and previously developed hydrocarbon reservoirs models. Detailed studies conducted within the Archinskii uplift showed that Paleozoic sediments form a contrasting folded structure complicated by block tectonics. The significant block displacements amplitude determines the lithological and stratigraphic basement rocks erosional-tectonic surface, while the identified stratigraphic blocks control the oil productivity distribution within the Archinskaya area. The filtration-capacity heterogeneity folded structure of the Paleozoic sediments is reflected in the distribution of hydrocarbon saturation in the well section, forming independent gas, oil, and oil-water zones for the development process. The relationship between anticlinal structural forms of basement rocks to lowered, and synclinal to elevated blocks, determines the necessity to conduct exploration prospecting within younger stratigraphic blocks when assessing the deep Paleozoic oil and gas potential.
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Date submitted2024-04-11
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Date accepted2024-06-03
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Date published2024-07-04
Assessment of the efficiency of acid mine drainage purification (using the example of copper-pyrite mines in the Middle Urals)
According to the results of the anti-rating of regions with extreme pollution of watercourses in the Sverdlovsk region, the largest number of polluted rivers has been recorded in recent years – more than a quarter of all high and extremely high pollution. One of the sources of pollution of natural water bodies in the Middle Urals are closed and flooded copper-pyrite mines, where acidic mine drainage continue to form and unload to the surface. Several of them have organized collection and a two-stage acidic drainage purification system, including neutralization with lime milk and settling in a clarifier pond. Despite the identical schemes, different indicators of pollutants are recorded during discharge into water bodies. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the applied acid mine drainage purification system and identify the parameters affecting the quality of treated mine water. Laboratory studies were performed using methods of flame emission spectrometry, flame atomic absorption, atomic absorption spectrometry, mass spectrometry with ionization in inductively coupled plasma, potentiometric, etc. It has been established that the existing mine drainage purification system at the Degtyarskii mine makes it possible to significantly reduce the concentrations of most toxic components of mine waters to almost standard values. At the Levikhinskii mine, the multiplicity of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations reaches hundreds and thousands of times. To achieve a higher degree of purification, it is necessary that the duration of passive purification is sufficient for the reactant to interact with acidic waters. However, to ensure this possibility, it will require the creation of a cascade of ponds with an area of several thousand hectares. If the current two-stage system is quite effective for the Degtyarskii mine, then for Levikhinskii it is necessary to switch to the use of more modern systems, including three stages of purification.
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Date submitted2024-04-09
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Date accepted2024-06-03
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Date published2024-07-04
Analysis of the geochemical barriers effectiveness as the basis for the use of nature-like water purification technologies
Nature-like technologies are being introduced into many human activities including mining wastewater treatment. This work is based on long-term studies of the Sibay copper-zinc-pyrite deposit development. It is dedicated to assessment of geochemical barriers effectiveness in Cu, Zn, Cd removal from water of the Karagayly River (receiving quarry and dump drainage water). The research is based on the elements’ content and forms in water and bottom sediments, pH values etc. Four types of hydrogeochemical environment (formed due to changes in the water use over the past 20 years) were distinguished using discriminant analysis. The mechanisms of barriers formation and destruction were described. Statistical modeling of the metals’ precipitation was performed by multivariate regression analysis. Cu is adsorbed by recently formed Fe hydroxides, and, to a lesser extent, precipitates with sulfates as water pH increases. Antagonism to Mn hydroxides has been demonstrated, due to different physicochemical conditions for their precipitation. Zn enters solid phase mainly with sulfates, this element also forms its own mineral phases. The second mechanism is adsorption by recently formed Mn hydroxides, which corresponds to the idea of similar conditions for the precipitation of metal hydroxides. Cd behavior reflects conditions intermediate between these of Cu and Zn. Contribution of both mechanisms (related to Fe hydroxides and aqueous sulfates) is equal. Antagonism to Mn is absent. According to the assessment results using of nature-like technologies in situ in watercourses, canals and other water drainage systems is promising. Developed statistical models can be used for needs of experimental studies and artificial geochemical barriers engineering.
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Date submitted2022-10-29
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Date accepted2023-10-25
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Date published2024-04-25
Assessment of rock massif sustainability in the area of the underground research laboratory (Nizhnekanskii Massif, Enisei site)
The study presents the results of the research on geodynamic and geological conditions of the Enisei site (Krasnoyarsk Krai), chosen for the construction of an underground research laboratory. The laboratory is being built at a depth of 500 m to assess the suitability of the rock mass for burying high-level radioactive waste. The rocks consist of weakly fractured gneisses, granites, and dikes of metadolerites. Field observations were conducted on bedrock outcrops. They included the determination of rock mass quality indicators, measurement of rock fracturing, and a rating classification of stability using N.Barton's method. GNSS observations were also made to monitor surface deformations. These data were used to develop a three-dimensional structural model, including lithology, fault disruptions, intrusive bodies, elastic-strength properties of rocks, and the sizes of zones influenced by faulting. It will serve as a basis for boundary conditions and the construction of three-dimensional variational models of stress-strain states, identifying zones of concentration of hazardous stresses, and planning in situ geomechanical experiments in underground mines of the laboratory. The obtained values of the modified QR index for the main types of rocks allowed their classification as stable and moderately stable, corresponding to strong and very strong rocks on Barton's scale and the massif rating according to geomechanical classification.
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Date submitted2022-04-08
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Date accepted2023-03-02
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Date published2023-04-25
Geochemical properties and transformation of the microelement composition of soils during the development of primary diamond deposits in Yakutia
Extraction of diamonds from primary deposits in Siberia is associated with the development of kimberlite pipes in challenging environmental conditions, accompanied by a complex impact on the environment. The article presents the results of monitoring the soil cover of the Nakyn kimberlite field in the Yakutia diamond province, which is affected by the facilities of the Nyurba Mining and Processing Division. Development of primary diamond deposits has a large-scale impact on the subsoil, topography, and soil cover: creation of the world's largest quarries, formation of dumps more than 100 m high, arrangement of extensive tailings, formation of solid and liquid industrial wastes of various chemical composition. The research is aimed at studying the spatial and temporal patterns of the technogenic impact on the soil cover, identifying the nature and level of transformation of the microelement composition of soils based on the analysis of the intra-profile and lateral distribution of mobile forms of trace elements. The study targets in 2007-2018 were zonal types of permafrost soils of northern taiga landscapes, cryozems, occupying 84 % of the total study area, which are characterized by biogenic accumulation of mobile forms of Ni, Mn, and Cd in the upper AO, A cr horizons, and Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu in the suprapermafrost CR horizon. We found out that the contamination of the soil cover of the industrial site at the Nyurba Mining and Processing Division is of a multielement nature with local highly to very highly contaminated areas. Over a ten-year observation period, areas of stable soil contamination are formed, where the main pollutants are mobile forms of Mn, Zn, Ni. We suggest that against the background of a natural geochemical anomaly associated with trap and kimberlite magmatism, technogenic anomalies are formed in the surface horizons of soils. They are spatially linked to technogenically transformed landscapes. One of the sources of pollutants is the dispersion of the solid phase of dust emissions in the direction of the prevailing winds, which leads to the formation of soils with abnormally high contents of mobile forms of Mn, Zn, Ni.
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Date submitted2022-04-14
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Date accepted2022-07-21
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Date published2022-11-03
In-situ leaching of molybdenum and uranium by percarbonate and chloride-hypochlorite solutions
In-situ leaching of molybdenum and uranium is becoming an increasingly common process. The features of the material composition of ores, leading to a decrease in their filtration properties, were considered. Activation leaching with leaching solutions that have undergone electrophotochemical activation before contact with the ore mass were studied. Activation preparation of leaching solutions promotes the synthesis of clustered water molecules with collectivized protons and hydroxyl ions, as well as active forms of oxygen and hydrogen. Cell leaching of molybdenum from mature tailings of the Shakhtaminsk deposit was studied experimentally. After pre-oxidation with an active carbonate solution, a model borehole leaching was carried out with a chloride-hypochlorite solution. Molybdenum extraction on resin a was 85 % in 30 days. Experiments on the percolation leaching of uranium from the ores of the Uchkuduk and Sugraly deposits confirmed the potential possibility of a significant increase in the extraction of uranium by electrophotoactivated percarbonate solutions relative to aqueous solutions of sodium and ammonium carbonate. When leaching with carbonate solutions without an additional oxidizing agent, the extraction of uranium from the Sugraly deposit ore sample was 52 and 59 % (sodium carbonate and ammonium carbonate). The use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent made it possible to achieve 87-88 % extraction into pregnant solutions in 21 days without pre-oxidation. The performed studies confirm the processing capability of extracting uranium and molybdenum by percolation leaching in columns and borehole leaching.
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Date submitted2021-11-17
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Date accepted2022-04-06
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Date published2022-11-10
Method for predicting the stress state of the lining of underground structures of quasi-rectangular and arched forms
- Authors:
- Maksim A. Karasev
- Tien Tai Nguyen
A method for predicting the stress-strain state of the lining of underground structures, the shape of the cross-section of which is different from the circular outline, is considered. The main task of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the influence of the parameters of the cross-section shape of underground structures on the stress state of the lining. To solve this problem, a method for calculating the stress state of the lining for arched tunnels with a reverse arch and quasi-rectangular forms is substantiated and developed. The methodology was tested, which showed that the accuracy of the prediction of the stress state of the lining is sufficient to perform practical calculations. An algorithm for multivariate analysis of the influence of the cross-sectional shape of underground structures of arched and quasi-rectangular shapes on the stress state of the lining is proposed. Parametric calculations were performed using the developed algorithm and regularities of the formation of the stress state of the lining of underground structures for various engineering and geological conditions, as well as the initial stress state field, were obtained. A quantitative assessment of the influence of geometric parameters of tunnels on their stress-strain state was performed.
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Date submitted2022-01-24
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Date accepted2022-04-26
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Date published2023-04-25
Forecast of radionuclide migration in groundwater of the zone affected by construction drainage at the Leningrad NPP-2
The distribution of natural (at the level of global background) and technogenic radionuclides in groundwater of the industrial zone in Sosnovy Bor town, where several nuclear power facilities are operating, was analyzed. The main technogenic radionuclides recorded in groundwater samples are cesium ( 137 Cs), strontium ( 90 Sr), and tritium isotopes. The first two aquifers from the surface are subject to contamination: the Quaternary and the upper zone of the Lomonosov aquifer. Based on extensive material on the engineering and geological studies of the work area, a 3D geological model and hydrodynamic and geomigration models of the industrial zone were constructed. By means of modeling, the extent and nature of changes in hydrogeological conditions of area resulting from the construction and operational drainage of the new stage of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP-2) were determined. The “historical” halo of radioactive contamination of groundwater forming (1970-1990) at the site adjacent to the NPP, where the storage facility of low- and medium-level radioactive waste is located, falls into the zone of influence. Interpretation of monitoring data allowed obtaining the migration parameters for predictive estimates. Modeling has shown that during the time of the LNPP-2 operation there was no intake of contaminated water by the drainage system of the new power plant.
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Date submitted2021-09-16
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Date accepted2022-02-24
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Date published2022-04-29
Production of microfluidic chips from polydimethylsiloxane with a milled channeled surface for modeling oil recovery during porous rock waterflooding
Microfluidic chips with porous structures are used to study the flow of oil-containing emulsion in the rock. Such chips can be made from polydimethylsiloxane by casting into a master mold. At the initial stages of research, fast and cheap prototyping of a large number of different master molds is often required. It is proposed to use milling to make a channeled surface on a polymethyl methacrylate plate, from which a negative image should be taken, which is the master mold for casting positive polydimethylsiloxane chips in it. Several epoxy compositions have been tested to make this master mold. The main requirement in the search for the material was the exact replication of the geometry and sufficiently low adhesion to polymethyl methacrylate and polydimethylsiloxane for removing the product with minimal damage to the mold. It was possible to make master molds from all the materials used, but with defects and various degrees of damage. One of the epoxy compositions was found suitable for making a master mold with many elements simulating the grains of a porous medium (height to width ratio 2:3). The developed method makes it possible to use polydimethylsiloxane for prototyping chips simulating the porous structure of an oil rock.
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Date submitted2021-03-30
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Date accepted2021-05-26
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Date published2021-09-20
Improving the efficiency of autonomous electrical complexes of oil and gas enterprises
- Authors:
- Boris N. Abramovich
- Ivan A. Bogdanov
In accordance with the Energy Strategy until 2035, the possibility of increasing the efficiency of energy use of secondary energy resources in the form of associated oil and waste gases has been substantiated by increasing the energy efficiency of the primary energy carrier to 90-95 % by means of cogeneration plants with a binary cycle of electricity generation and trigeneration systems with using the energy of the waste gas to cool the air flow at the inlet of gas turbine plants. The conditions for maintaining the rated power of the main generator with variations in the ambient temperature are shown. An effective topology of electrical complexes in a multi-connected power supply system of oil and gas enterprises according to the reliability condition is presented, which allows increasing the availability factor by 0.6 %, mean time between failures by 33 %, the probability of failure-free operation by 15 % and reducing the mean time of system recovery by 40 %. The article considers the use of parallel active filters to improve the quality of electricity and reduce voltage drops to 0.1 s when used in autonomous electrical complexes of oil and gas enterprises. The possibility of providing uninterrupted power supply when using thyristor systems for automatic reserve input has been proven. A comparative analysis was carried out to assess the effect of parallel active filters and thyristor systems of automatic transfer of reserve on the main indicators of the reliability of power supply systems of oil and gas enterprises.
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Date submitted2021-03-12
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Date accepted2021-04-12
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Date published2021-06-24
Increasing the efficiency of phosphate ore processing using flotation method
The paper presents flotation of two phosphate ore samples of different origin. Statistical analysis was used to study the effect of operating parameters on flotation efficiency. The paper proposes to increase the efficiency of flotation processing of magmatic phosphate ore with a low grade of the valuable component (P 2 O 5 = 10.88 %), containing nepheline and feldspars, by means of direct anionic flotation. Authors present an optimization of anionic flotation using tall oil fatty acids mixed with anionic phospholane as an anionic collector. The effect of adding soda ash to compensate for the influence of calcium cations on technological parameters of P 2 O 5 flotation was examined. The results of studying the flotation of nepheline ore (flotation tailings of magmatic phosphate ore) showed that replacement of phospholane with oxyethylated isotridecanol allowed to obtain a high-quality concentrate. It was estimated that with the addition of Na 2 CO 3 in the amount of 2,000 g/t, a concentrate was obtained with the grade and recovery of phosphorus pentoxide equal to 39.15 and 94.19 %, respectively. The paper proposes to increase the efficiency of flotation processing of sedimentary phosphate ore with a low grade of the valuable component (P 2 O 5 = 22.5 %), containing gypsum and quartz, by means of desliming followed by anionic or cationic reverse flotation. Tall oil fatty acid with anionic phospholane was used as a collector in anionic reverse flotation, and amine was used in cationic reverse flotation. Sodium tripolyphosphate was used as a P 2 O 5 depressant. It was found to be an effective depressant in both anionic and cationic flotation. When analyzing the statistical plan, it was estimated that the maximum grade of the valuable component in the concentrate (P 2 O 5 = 31.23 %) and the recovery to concentrate of 95.22 % were obtained in the chamber product at amine consumption of 950.88 g/t and sodium tripolyphosphate consumption of 500 g/t.
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Date submitted2020-11-20
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Date accepted2021-03-30
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Date published2021-06-24
Regularities of changing the dimensions of the main bore of the cylinder of TMZ-450D diesel engine during the technological process
The article deals with the problems arising during the mechanical and thermal treatment of the TMZ-450D diesel engine cylinder, which is the base part of the engines of small-sized generators and compressors, which are widely used for mobile units in the oil and gas and mining industries. It was found that the metal in the casting has a non-uniform structure, the density of which ranges from 6.75 to 7.25 g/cm 3 . Redistribution of dislocations and residual stresses in the casting leads to significant changes in the size and shape of the main bore. In addition to the successive changes in size specified by the technology due to the removal of the designated allowance, the dimensions and shape change arbitrarily, uncontrollably in the course of the technological process. It is shown that artificial aging by a thermal method does not provide the desired dimensional stability; therefore, it is proposed to supplement it with natural aging after rough boring for six months. It was revealed that the use of morally and physically outdated equipment makes it necessary to increase the number of finishing operations of honing and, accordingly, to increase the labor intensity of cylinder manufacturing. The use of a two-position boring machine is substantiated, on which the transitions of semi-finishing and fine boring are combined. This completely eliminates the copying of errors that arose when changing the base on previous operations. The use of a two-position modular boring machine ARS-4/Ts of increased accuracy and rigidity significantly increases the accuracy of the bore hole, which makes it possible to reduce the number of honing operations. A variant of the technological process of mechanical and heat treatment is proposed, including natural aging, the use of double boring on a modular boring machine, which will reduce the number of honing operations to one, including rough and finish transitions.
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Date submitted2018-06-27
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Date accepted2018-09-18
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Date published2018-12-21
Migration forms of chemical elements in the intrusive rocks of the Eastern Desert (El Sela area, Egypt)
- Authors:
- M. M. Ghoneim
- E. G. Panova
In the Egypt's Eastern Desert intrusive rocks with U-REE mineralization (two-mica granites, microgranites, dolerites, and bostonites) are developed. We estimated the content of chemical elements in reference samples of intrusive rocks and also in their water-soluble (colloid-salt) fraction. This fraction is water-extracted from the rock under certain conditions. The rock sample and its colloid-salt fraction are analyzed using ICP-MS. The chemical characteristic of the extracted fraction reflects the mobile migrating part of the chemical elements in the composition of the rocks. Comparison of the obtained data allows us to estimate the share of migrating and weakly migrating elements.
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Date submitted2017-11-09
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Date accepted2017-12-28
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Date published2018-04-24
Chemical weathering of lower paleozoic black shales of south Sweden
- Authors:
- D. O. Voronin
- E. G. Panova
Lower Paleozoic black shales are widespread in Sweden and form part of the Baltic paleobasin, which deposits are also known in Estonia and the Leningrad Oblast of Russia. These rocks are enriched in a carbon substance and characterized by the significant content of uranium, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and lead. Black shales contain high levels of Sr – 968; Ba – 337; U – 229; V – 509; Mo – 165; Zn – 411; Ni – 214; Cu – 112 (ppm) in secondary minerals composition formed on their surface. Retrograde diagenetic conditions facilitate the black shales chemical weathering. Elements of the first (U), second (Mo, Sr, Zn), and third (V) hazard classes are washed out of black shales and secondary minerals and can further enter biological cycles.
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Date submitted2015-12-17
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Date accepted2016-03-01
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Date published2016-12-23
Anomalous geochemistry of zircon from the Yastrebetskoe rare metal deposit (SIMS- and TOF-study)
- Authors:
- S. G. Skublov
- S.-Kh. Li
A detailed isotopic geochemical study (secondary ions mass-spectrometry – SIMS, time-of-flight mass-spectrometry – TOF) of zircon from ore-bearing syenites of the Yastrebetskoe rare metal-rare earth deposit (the Ukrainian Shield) has yielded proofs of magmatic genesis of the deposit: unaltered central parts of zircon grains typically feature characteristic magmatic spectra of REE distribution, their values of δ 18 O staying somewhat higher than the mantle value (6.5 ‰, on the average). During the final stage of forming the deposit the role of fluorine-water-bearing fluids enriched with Y, REE, Nb, Ве and heavy oxygen had increased, as directly reflected in the anomalous isotopic-geochemical characteristics of zircon rims and zones of zircon alteration (the contents of Y reaches 61874 ppm, that of Nb – 7976 ppm, Be – 1350 ppm, δ 18 O reaches 12.42‰, F – 0.7 % mass, H 2 O – 4% mass).
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Date submitted2015-08-12
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Date accepted2015-10-05
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Date published2016-04-22
Energy efficient electromechanical systems of mining andtransport machines
- Authors:
- A. E. Kozyaruk
The problems of selecting the type and the structure of mining and transport machines elec-tromechanical control system, providing energy efficiency and performance. The conclusion about the most admissibility of variable frequency drives with induction motors and power semiconduc-tor converters was made. The methods and technical means of improving the energy efficiency of asynchronous electric motors due to the choice of increased power characteristics motors, design of special motor control algorithms and applying of semiconductor converters with active rectifi-ers, providing high power factor and improving of the electricity supply quality were reviewed. To improve the operational characteristics prompted use of diagnostic systems and residual life as-sessment of electrical equipment. Implementation of designs tied to the excavator-transport sector. The schemes of the excavator power drive, mining truck and implemented complex picture at coal mine are shown.
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Date submitted2009-09-18
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Date accepted2009-11-14
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Date published2010-06-25
Challenges and perspectives for innovative interactive communication technologies in teaching humanities
- Authors:
- S. A. Rassadina
The ongoing reform of higher education in Russia requires finding new approaches to syllabus planning, new ways to manage and supervise students’ individual academic activities. Humanities are not limited to information transfer, they aim at developing students’ analytic abilities as well. Thus, the interaction between students and teachers becomes of utmost importance. The reform allows increasing the share of extramural activities, which creates a challenge of preserving interactivity. In the article, the author has considered cutting-edge interactive communication technologies that can help teachers coordinate students’ extramural studies and encourage their epistemic curiosity they need to absorb humanities.
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Date submitted2009-08-26
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Date accepted2009-10-27
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Date published2010-02-01
Scheelites of Gavrilovskoe deposit (first find)
- Authors:
- A. E. Melnik
The Gavrilovskoe deposit (deposit of building stone) is situated in Vyborg district, Leningrad region. There was found scheelite (CaWO 4 ) in the «Northern» quarry at the Gavrilovskoe deposit in 2008. This mineral was identified exactly in the Saint Petersburg State Mining Institute (Technical University) with Raman Spectrometer Renishaw InVia Reflex. It was for the first time that scheelite was found at this place. There was researched a form of one scheelite crystal. The simple forms of this scheelite crystal were detected. It is very interesting to compare simple forms of scheelite from the Gavrilovskoe deposit to different crystals of this mineral, described in any science literature.
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Date submitted2008-10-12
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Date accepted2008-12-17
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Date published2009-12-11
Principles of development of geological engineering and geological criteria for safe burial of low radioactive wastes in lower cambrian blue clays in the Leningrad region
- Authors:
- R. E. Dashko
It is noticed that the chosen territory for nuclear-waste disposal in Lower Cambrian clay massif nearby Koporje of Leningrad region takes place in a tectonic zone. Lower Cambrian clays are considered as the block-fractured rock mass having a depth zone structure. The long radioactive irradiation of dark blue clays has led to transformation of their structure, physical-chemical and physical-mechanical properties, and also to activization of microbial activity. Nine criteria to the geoenvironmental and engineering geological characteristics allowing in a complex to estimate safety and reliability of a nuclear-waste disposal in clay formations on an example of dark blue clays are suggested.
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Date submitted2008-10-22
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Date accepted2008-12-14
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Date published2009-12-11
Peculiarities of structure and comparative analysis of oil-and-gas basins in the Pacific segment of lithosphere
- Authors:
- V. B. Archegov
Comparative analysis was carried out for oil-and-gas-bearing basins of young and oldland platforms of the Pacific segment. Previously the same kind of analysis had been realized for the Atlantic segment of lithosphere. Obtained results confirm the unique geological structure and oil-and-gas capacity of Siberian platform, by these features it differs from all other cratons in the whole world.