Vol 171
-
Date submitted2006-09-03
-
Date accepted2006-11-07
-
Date published2007-03-01
Opening speech
- Authors:
- Vladimir S. Litvinenko
It is a great pleasure to see you - participants of the conference in this magnificent hall, where it is possible to establish new contacts, exchange opinions, discuss urgent problems of mining production, higher education, get acquainted with the conditions of personnel training at the Mining Institute, visit the first Temple of Mining Engineers. I would like to express my gratitude to the members of the Organizing Committee, who under difficult conditions managed to do a great job and create favorable conditions for your fruitful work.
-
Date submitted2006-09-08
-
Date accepted2006-11-23
-
Date published2007-03-01
Welcome speech
- Authors:
- S. D. Viktorov
I congratulate you on our new regular meeting. Kliment Trubetskoy, co-chair of our conference, asked me to convey his warmest greetings to Prof. Vladimir Litvinenko, Rector of St. Petersburg State Mining Institute, and to all of you, participants of the conference. At present we are at the stage of reforming science and education. Our academicians and members of the Organizing Committee K.N. Trubetskoy and V.A. Chanturia are now dealing with reform issues in the RAS and therefore will not be able to participate in the conference. Our Fifth International Conference is held here, in the walls of the Mining Institute. It is the second time it is held on the basis of the Mining Institute. In 2000, the Second International Scientific Conference was held here. We still have a vivid impression of it, and therefore, when we had an opportunity to repeat the conference at your place, we took advantage of this offer with great pleasure. During the conferences we have already formed our own circle of participants and like-minded people. Here I see many of our regular participants, including foreign guests from China, Serbia, Ukraine, and other countries. This makes discussions and exchange of opinions, taking into account friendly comments and wishes, very fruitful.
-
Date submitted2006-09-28
-
Date accepted2006-11-05
-
Date published2007-03-01
Physical-technical bases and new technologies of high ledge destruction by large-scale explosions
The paper presents a theoretical analysis of highwall destruction by blasting. Peculiarities of blasting in high faces at open-pit mining operations in Russia are analyzed. New approaches to drilling processes in high faces are proposed. Possibilities of application of walking machines for downward digging (walking excavators) are described.
-
Date submitted2006-09-27
-
Date accepted2006-11-13
-
Date published2007-03-01
State, problems and trends of production and application of explosive materials in Russia
- Authors:
- A. S. Derzhavets
- N. G. Kutin
- Yu. M. Mikhailov
The article analyzes the current state of production and application of explosive materials in various sectors of the national economy. On the basis of many years of experience in the use of different composition of explosive materials in Russia and abroad outlined ways to significantly increase the efficiency and safety of their use in various mining and geological conditions.
-
Date submitted2006-09-19
-
Date accepted2006-11-21
-
Date published2007-03-01
Analysis of fine fraction at rock destruction by explosion and formation of rock landslides
- Authors:
- V. V. Adushkin
- S. I. Popel
- S. I. Shishaeva
The study of finely dispersed fraction of nano- and microscale size formed as a result of rock destruction by explosions of chemical explosives and rock slope collapse has been carried out. The possibility of formation of nanoscale particles from 20nm to 240µm in case of rock destruction by explosion and from 77nm to 2µm in case of rock slides is shown. Particles propagating in the atmosphere, formed in the explosion funnel and at the base of rock landslides are considered. Statistical analysis of the fine particle fraction by size is performed and compared with the classical Kolmogorov and Rosin-Rammler distributions. The peculiarities of the character of fine particles crushing depending on the size and type of rocks were analyzed.
-
Date submitted2006-09-17
-
Date accepted2006-11-05
-
Date published2007-03-01
Models of rock slumping on ledges at different blasting techniques
- Authors:
- B. R. Rakishev
Based on the analysis of rock mass disturbance during blasting operations and their theoretical description, calculation schemes for determining geometric parameters depending on detonation conditions are proposed. The relations linking the parameters of drilling and blasting operations with the geometric dimensions of rock mass disturbance have been obtained, which makes it possible to predict this disturbance for various "know-how" of blasting operations.
-
Date submitted2006-09-24
-
Date accepted2006-11-22
-
Date published2007-03-01
Ways to bring Russian mining and blasting to a competitive level in the world economy
- Authors:
- B. N. Kutuzov
Strategic issues of bringing the domestic mining industry to a competitive global level are outlined. The ways of solving this problem on the example of blasting by radical improvement of explosives and explosive materials, creation of domestic drilling equipment of world level, as well as training of highly qualified engineers and workers for mining.
-
Date submitted2006-09-09
-
Date accepted2006-11-04
-
Date published2007-03-01
BCJ series mixing and charging machine for emulsion explosives with sensitization in boreholes
Local charging machine of emulsion explosives, design features and composition of BCJ series mixing and charging machine for EBVs are considered. A critical analysis of the design and the possibility of its application is given. This series of mixing and charging machine (MCM) meets the requirements of different explosive technologies and is very promising.
-
Date submitted2006-09-03
-
Date accepted2006-11-14
-
Date published2007-03-01
Blasting Technologies in the Serbian Construction Industry
- Authors:
- I. Krsmanovich
- S. Traikovich
- D. Tunovich
The paper considers the "know-how" of blasting on quarry construction materials of Serbia using emulsion explosives. The calculation of blasting parameters was performed and pilot blasts were carried out. The analysis of the results of pilot blasts shows high efficiency and safety of the use of Detolit PE-SP emulsion explosives.
-
Date submitted2006-09-18
-
Date accepted2006-11-28
-
Date published2007-03-01
Technologies of sensitization of emulsion explosives
- Authors:
- R. S. Krysin
- V. P. Kuprin
- M. B. Kolesaev
The technology of production of emulsion explosive (EE) of ukrainite PP-2B and description of the developed device for introduction of solid phase (ferrosilicon or aluminum powders) into the gas-generated emulsion are given. The results of industrial tests of ukrainite PP-2B are presented, which showed a significant reduction in outsize, reduction of gas hazard in terms of CO in comparison with grammonite 79/21 by 3 times.
-
Date submitted2006-09-22
-
Date accepted2006-11-05
-
Date published2007-03-01
Magnetokinetic effect of destruction of ferruginous quartzite
- Authors:
- V. N. Anisimov
- V. N. Morozov
The results of investigation of degradation of KMA ferruginous quartzite samples in strong high-gradient pulsed magnetic fields with magnetic induction up to 1Tl and pulse duration of 240µs are presented. The effect of micro- and macro-cracks formation, electrical resistance drop by 3-4 orders of magnitude and increase of ultrasonic waves absorption in the range from 0.3 to 5 MHz was found. Known effects do not provide an explanation for the obtained results. It is suggested that the magnetokinetic effect of moving magnetite grains in nonmagnetic quartz matrix under the action of a strong high-gradient pulsed magnetic field with the subsequent process of destruction and dickering, accompanied by the development of microcracks at the boundaries of mineral grains.
-
Date submitted2006-09-25
-
Date accepted2006-11-01
-
Date published2007-03-01
Destruction of quartz-bearing rocks under simultaneous pulsed high-gradient electromagnetic and elastic wave impacts
- Authors:
- V. N. Anisimov
The results of investigation of the mechanism of destruction of quartz-bearing rocks (ferruginous quartzites) in strong high-gradient pulsed magnetic fields are presented. The model and mechanism of movement of magnetite grains in nonmagnetic quartz matrix under the action of elastic pulse impact and simultaneous strong pulsed magnetic field with the subsequent process of destruction and dispergation accompanied by the development of microcracks along the grain boundaries of minerals are considered. The results of experimental studies of destruction are given.
-
Date submitted2006-09-29
-
Date accepted2006-11-22
-
Date published2007-03-01
New ways and methods of dispersing complex-structured massifs of ferruginous quartzites at explosive ore preparation
- Authors:
- V. A. Belin
- V. N. Anisimov
The results of the study of explosive ore preparation of complex-structured massifs of ferruginous quartzites, methods of calculating the parameters of BVR taking into account the peculiarities of the structure and genesis of such massifs, as well as the results of experimental studies of the destruction of ferruginous quartzites and its effect on the indicators of ore preparation are presented.
-
Date submitted2006-09-08
-
Date accepted2006-11-14
-
Date published2007-03-01
Experimental study of the influence of rock fracture filler properties on their dynamic deformation
Destruction of rocks at impulse loading depending on properties of material substance in a crack is investigated. The relationship between quasi-static deformations of granite blocks and material substance properties has been experimentally established. The developed technique allows to define quasi-static regularities of deformation of block media.
-
Date submitted2006-09-12
-
Date accepted2006-11-04
-
Date published2007-03-01
Assessment of changes in properties and state of rocks as a result of intensive dynamic loading
A methodology has been developed and experimental studies have been carried out to evaluate structural changes in rock samples in the near zone of explosion action. Using optical microscopy and X-ray structure analysis, it was found that the microstructure of rocks changes during the passage of shock waves: the dispersion of mineral grains increases, and the density of micro-disturbances increases by an order of magnitude.
-
Date submitted2006-09-08
-
Date accepted2006-11-06
-
Date published2007-03-01
Theoretical estimates of the PQSW theory of rock fracture processes by camouflage explosion of elongated charges
- Authors:
- Yu. V. Glazkov
- G. M. Kryukov
- S. N. Zhavoronko
A calculation scheme based on the phenomenological quasi-static-wave (PQSW) theory is proposed for determining the parameters of fracture zones during the explosion of camouflage charges. The relations of change of rock loading parameters from the structure of explosive charges are obtained.
-
Date submitted2006-09-03
-
Date accepted2006-11-19
-
Date published2007-03-01
About one algorithm of mathematical model construction for optimization of design parameters of elongated shaped charges
- Authors:
- A. P. Gospodarikov
- V. N. Kovalevskii
This paper deals with issues related to mathematical modeling of optimization of stretched shaped charge parameters on the basis of similarity test. By means of the numerical method of random search the necessary rational parametric variables for designing rational designs of stretched shaped charges are obtained.
-
Date submitted2006-09-20
-
Date accepted2006-11-17
-
Date published2007-03-01
Elastoplastic problem of stress distribution around mine workings with consideration of only the limit state
- Authors:
- G. N. Zhurov
- V. N. Kovalevskii
The elastic-plastic equilibrium of a rock massif is considered taking into account only the forbidden state. Formulas for determining stresses and displacements in the elastic and forbidden zones are obtained. The boundaries between the forbidden zone and the elastic zone are found.
-
Date submitted2006-09-02
-
Date accepted2006-11-26
-
Date published2007-03-01
Management of rock properties in drilling and blasting processes
- Authors:
- O. G. Latyshev
- I. S. Osipov
- O. A. Anokhina
The elastic-plastic equilibrium of a rock massif is considered taking into account only the forbidden state. Formulas for determining stresses and displacements in the elastic and forbidden zones are obtained. The boundaries between the forbidden zone and the elastic zone are found.
-
Date submitted2006-09-10
-
Date accepted2006-11-20
-
Date published2007-03-01
Laser agglomeration of ultra-disperse gold from mineral and technogenic associations of high clayey sands
New non-traditional methods of extraction of hard-to-enrich valuable component from mineral raw materials using laser radiation are considered. Theoretical and experimental studies have shown the possibility of integration of precious metal particles during their treatment with laser radiation taking into account their properties and further extraction by traditional methods.
-
Date submitted2006-09-12
-
Date accepted2006-11-22
-
Date published2007-03-01
Increase of environmental safety at ore mining by reduction of technogenic load on biosphere
The environmental situation of the biosphere of the territories of mining and ore mining enterprises is analyzed. To reduce the technogenic impact on the environment during ore mining it is proposed to use universin. Application of universin reduces dustiness of air from dusty surfaces of rock dumps and tailing dumps for the period from 10 to 30 days and reduces the load on water environment.
-
Date submitted2006-09-28
-
Date accepted2006-11-19
-
Date published2007-03-01
Energy efficiency of rock destruction during explosion of explosives with different detonation characteristics
- Authors:
- M. G. Menzhulin
- V. E. Brovin
The efficiency of rock destruction by explosion of explosives also depends on the dissipation energy. When using explosives with different detonation characteristics, the dissipation energy changes significantly in the crushing zone, which in turn affects the overall destruction efficiency.
-
Date submitted2006-09-13
-
Date accepted2006-11-28
-
Date published2007-03-01
Management of rock pressure and gas emission in the excavated space during the development of coal seams at great depths
- Authors:
- A. V. Montikov
The necessity of development of new principles of approach to organization of degasification works at coal mines and directions of improvement of technological schemes at development of high-gas-bearing coal seams at great depths is grounded. The technological scheme of working out of a mining area with a direct flow ventilation scheme, with isolation of excavated space and protection of preparatory workings with cast strips from quick-hardening materials is offered.
-
Date submitted2006-09-13
-
Date accepted2006-11-22
-
Date published2007-03-01
Modeling of rock massive fracture in the process of moving of a cleaning face with different speed
- Authors:
- M. G. Mustafin
The influence of speed and discreteness of bottom-hole movement on deformation of rock massif and earth surface, on the character of rock massif shearing and the form of its destruction is considered.
-
Date submitted2006-09-23
-
Date accepted2006-11-25
-
Date published2007-03-01
Technology of rational fracture of differing strength rocks
Substantiation of the choice of the technology of rock destruction during the development of deposits by open-cut method is given, taking into account its adequacy to the properties of rocks and a set of requirements of economic, social, environmental, legal and other important aspects.
-
Date submitted2006-09-17
-
Date accepted2006-11-01
-
Date published2007-03-01
Method of development of rocky and semi-rocky type deposits of varied block structure
The influence of blockiness of rocks on the efficiency of field development is investigated; the concept of the category of blockiness of rocks from the position of a broad understanding of its essence is substantiated; the structural methodology of field development is given.
-
Date submitted2006-09-14
-
Date accepted2006-11-17
-
Date published2007-03-01
From natural lumpiness in nature to rock fracture model
- Authors:
- L. N. Fedorov
- M. L. Bruk
The paper attempts to provide a schematic representation of rock fracture by hypothetically reconstructing the rock structure by mentally assembling it from individual fractions of the entire granulometric structure.
-
Date submitted2006-09-19
-
Date accepted2006-11-23
-
Date published2007-03-01
Effectiveness of application of gel-based PVM in engineering
Changes in the explosive characteristics of gelpor associated with its aging have been studied. The changes consist in the decrease of energy release of "old" gelpor up to 2 times in comparison with "fresh" one. Recommendations on application of gelpor in engineering are given.
-
Date submitted2006-09-21
-
Date accepted2006-11-01
-
Date published2007-03-01
Pre-destruction of rocks as a stage of fracture process under quasi-static and dynamic loading
- Authors:
- S. D. Viktorov
- A. N. Kochanov
- V. N. Odintsev
The problem of rock pre-fracture under quasi-static and di-namic loading is considered. It is shown that under dynamic loading it is possible to form pre-fracture zones of large extent. The data of ultrasonic measurements after non-destructive explosive loading are presented. Experimental data on changes in the velocities of elastic wave propagation after dynamic loading are presented.
-
Date submitted2006-09-21
-
Date accepted2006-11-29
-
Date published2007-03-01
About large scale ore stripping at open pits
- Authors:
- S. D. Viktorov
- N. N. Kazakov
One of the possible ways of large-scale rock mass stripping at open pits by two-stage blocks is considered. The proposed method allows 5-6 times to increase the volume of ore stripped in one blast on the block.
-
Date submitted2006-09-09
-
Date accepted2006-11-19
-
Date published2007-03-01
About distribution of rock fracture products
- Authors:
- Yu. I. Vinogradov
- G. P. Paramonov
Experimental studies of the granulometric composition of rock mass obtained as a result of blasting and impact destruction confirmed good convergence of experimental data with the theoretical log-normal distribution law. It is proved that the logarithmic dispersion of the lognormal law of distribution of pieces of the fragmented rock massif is a structural invariant at the level of the statistical set of blocks and pieces. The model of destruction of polymineral rocks by explosion energy is proposed.
-
Date submitted2006-09-11
-
Date accepted2006-11-07
-
Date published2007-03-01
About the cumulative effect in rock destruction by deconcentrated charges
- Authors:
- Yu. P. Galchenko
Theoretical substantiation of possibilities and prospects of using the principles of shaped charges operation for technological destruction of rocks during subsoil development is given.
-
Date submitted2006-09-30
-
Date accepted2006-11-06
-
Date published2007-03-01
Seismic effect of explosions in mines and quarries
- Authors:
- A. I. Goncharov
- V. I. Kulikov
- A, A. Eremenko
Field studies of seismic blast waves have been carried out at a number of iron ore enterprises of the country. At the KMA open pits it was confirmed that the seismic effect of mass explosions depends on the epicentral distance between the block and the object and on the mass of the charge in the group. The dependences of vibration velocity for quarries and mines differ by the seismicity coefficient, which is almost three times less for underground mass explosions than for mass explosions at quarries.
-
Date submitted2006-09-23
-
Date accepted2006-11-12
-
Date published2007-03-01
Results of measurements of detonation velocity of low shock-wave sensitive explosives in borehole charges
- Authors:
- V. G. Dodukh
- A. A. Dobrynin
- I. A. Dobrynin
The results of measuring the detonation velocity of emulsion and conversion explosives under production conditions are presented. It is found that the use of intermediate detonators of different masses can produce various modes of explosive transformations, including high-speed detonation and fast or slow decaying explosive processes.
-
Date submitted2006-09-28
-
Date accepted2006-11-10
-
Date published2007-03-01
Seismic impact of explosion on engineering structures and rock massive
The paper analyzes the issue of seismic protection of the environment during drilling and blasting of tunnels. On the basis of experimental studies, an estimation of the size of the elastic-plastic deformation zone formed by the explosion is considered. A method for determining the parameters of seismic blast waves and their attenuation coefficients in the near explosion zone is proposed.
-
Date submitted2006-09-10
-
Date accepted2006-11-13
-
Date published2007-03-01
Cavity to the beginning of detonation products release into the atmosphere
- Authors:
- N. N. Kazakov
- A. V. Shlyapin
The physical model of the quasi-static phase of the explosion and analytical dependences allowing to calculate the main parameters of this phase are stated.
-
Date submitted2006-09-24
-
Date accepted2006-11-07
-
Date published2007-03-01
Comparative analysis of blasting operations carried out at construction material quarries in Finland and Russia
- Authors:
- V. N. Kovalevskii
- A. N. Kholodilov
The experience of drilling and blasting operations at limestone quarries in Finland is described. The comparative characterization of drilling and blasting parameters, adopted for similar conditions in Russia and Finland, is carried out. The problems inherent in explosive mining of construction materials in Russian quarries are defined. The directions for improving the parameters of drilling and blasting operations are outlined, which will improve the quality of blasting preparation.
-
Date submitted2006-09-28
-
Date accepted2006-11-23
-
Date published2007-03-01
Complex method of estimation of explosive and gas characteristics of industrial explosives
An operational method for evaluating the explosive characteristics and gas hazardousness of industrial explosives is presented. The distinctive feature of this approach is that the determination of the amount of toxic gases, detonation parameters and relative workability of explosives is carried out in a single experimental cycle, which makes it possible to comprehensively consider the peculiarities of the action of each explosive charge and objectively assess the level of its safety and effectiveness.
-
Date submitted2006-09-11
-
Date accepted2006-11-06
-
Date published2007-03-01
Safety of emulsion industrial explosives
- Authors:
- E. V. Kolganov
- V. A. Sosnin
The safety of emulsion explosives is analyzed, properties and methods of determination are considered. It is established that production, transportation and use of matrix emulsion is explosion-proof under regulated modes of production and use.
-
Date submitted2006-09-30
-
Date accepted2006-11-17
-
Date published2007-03-01
Improvement of the model of deep pit ventilation by cascade explosion of fuel-air mixture
- Authors:
- S. N. Kuzmin
The model of cascade explosion of fuel-air mixture in the depth of the quarry for the purpose of its ventilation is proposed. Model calculations and experiments confirm the possibility in principle to ventilate a deep pit by the indicated method.
-
Date submitted2006-09-24
-
Date accepted2006-11-10
-
Date published2007-03-01
Automated design of quarry mass explosions in mineframe integrated mining system
The system of automated design of mass explosions at open pits based on computer modeling of mining technology objects is presented. It is shown that the effective solution of the problem of automated design of mass explosions is possible with the complex solution of geological, surveying and technological tasks in a single information space of the mining enterprise.
-
Date submitted2006-09-30
-
Date accepted2006-11-25
-
Date published2007-03-01
Increase of efficiency and quality of block stripping in difficult mining and technical conditions at underground mines
The paper deals with the issues of increasing the efficiency of drilling and blasting operations in difficult mining and technical conditions at underground mines through the use of non-electric blasting initiation means - SINV-SH and vertical concentrated charge stripping technology. The results of research for the mines of the Khakassia Mountain Shoriai are given.
-
Date submitted2006-09-20
-
Date accepted2006-11-08
-
Date published2007-03-01
Peculiarities of action of charges with axial cavity in wells
- Authors:
- A. E. Frantov
Theoretical substantiation and results of experimental studies of the action of charges with axial cavity in boreholes are given, the mechanism of gas cumulative jet impact on rocks is described. Industrial tests of charges with axial cavity at quarries have shown the possibility of overburden reduction by 30-40%.
-
Date submitted2006-09-06
-
Date accepted2006-11-23
-
Date published2007-03-01
Problems of seismic safety provision during transportation tunnel construction
The problems of seismic impact of explosion on a tunnel are characterized. A methodology for determining the parameters in Sadovsky's formula for seismic wave displacement velocities based on the results of measurements at one point of the velocity time histories of seismic oscillations from subsequent short-term delayed explosions is proposed. The correlation between the parameters is established. The influence of errors in the determination of parameters on the calculation of seismically safe mass of the explosive charge is estimated.
-
Date submitted2006-09-03
-
Date accepted2006-11-03
-
Date published2007-03-01
Safety and effectiveness of explosive works at sinter mines
- Authors:
- V. I. Chernobai
- G. P. Paramonov
Sulfide dust explosions and hazardous sulfur gas emissions are still an urgent problem in blasting operations at copper deposits. In this paper, the solution to this problem is proposed by using an optimized explosive structure. Theoretical analysis of the main characteristics of explosive transformation of the proposed structures depending on the physical and chemical properties and the content of safety additives in the explosive is carried out. The obtained graphical dependences allow a differentiated approach to the choice of the explosive structure, providing effective explosion performance and proper safety of blasting operations.
-
Date submitted2006-09-26
-
Date accepted2006-11-02
-
Date published2007-03-01
Ways to increase the time of blast action on the massif
The complex of measures for increasing the time of explosion impact on the rock mass is analyzed. The results of experimental explosions with different types of boreholes are given. It is revealed that the use of a special locking baffle together with the formation of air gaps inside the charge and under the baffle improves the quality of crushing with a simultaneous reduction in the consumption of explosives.
-
Date submitted2006-09-28
-
Date accepted2006-11-01
-
Date published2007-03-01
Resolution of the Fifth International Scientific Conference "Physical Problems of Rock Fracturing"
In accordance with the resolution of the Bureau of the OGGGGN RAS (now Department of Earth Sciences RAS) from 07.04.1999 № 13100/10-38 the Institute of Problems of Integrated Subsoil Development RAS and St. Petersburg State Mining Institute in St. Petersburg on the basis of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute from September 25 to 29, 2006. the Fifth International Scientific Conference "Physical Problems of Rock Fracture" was held with the assistance of the Department of Geology, Geophysics, Geochemistry and Mining Sciences of the RAS, Rostechnadzor of Russia, Institute of Dynamics of Geospheres of the RAS, Moscow State Mining University, NPK "Mekhanobr-Technika", Russian Foundation for Basic Research, National Organization of Explosive Engineers, ZAO Nitro-Siberia, ZAO Vzryvistytaniya and OOO NTF Vzvryvtekhnologiya.