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Date submitted2023-07-04
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Date accepted2023-09-20
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Date published2023-10-27
Structure maintenance experience and the need to control the soils thermal regime in permafrost areas
- Authors:
- Anatolii V. Brushkov
- Andrei G. Alekseev
- Svetlana V. Badina
- Dmitrii S. Drozdov
- Vladimir A. Dubrovin
- Oleg V. Zhdaneev
- Mikhail N. Zheleznyak
- Vladimir P. Melnikov
- Sergei N. Okunev
- Aleksei B. Osokin
- Nikolai A. Ostarkov
- Marat R. Sadurtinov
- Dmitrii O. Sergeev
- Roman Yu. Fedorov
- Konstantin N. Frolov
The risks of reducing the stability of buildings and structures are increasing in conditions of climate change and the active development of the territories under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors. The main causes include: loss of the bearing capacity of frozen soils, various geocryological processes, errors at the stages of design, construction and operation of facilities. Main actual task when conducting research and industrial operations in the cryolithozone is monitoring and, if necessary, managing thermal processes in the permafrost layers interacting with facilities. In this article the obtained positive experience of various technologies applying at various stages of the life cycle of civil and industrial facilities was analyzed. It helps to eliminate or prevent the structure deformation or destruction under the influence of climate change. The methods of permafrost stabilization used in the oil and gas industry in process of industrial infrastructure development of the fields have been studied – freezing (cooling) of foundation soils during construction on heterogeneous foundations. The solution to the problems of minimizing accidents when locating production wells in the permafrost zone of the Yamal Peninsula is considered using the example of an oil and gas condensate field and restoring of the temperature regime of perennial unfrozen soils in areas of valve units of main gas pipelines. An assessment of methods used to maintain the industrial and residential infrastructure within the northern municipalities that ensure the functioning of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation in the Arctic was made. The systems of thermal stabilization in the foundations of buildings and industrial facilities built and operated on permafrost soils allow to fully use the high strength and low deformability of frozen grounds. It ensures the state's long-term plans of the industrial development in the Arctic.
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Date submitted2022-04-03
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Date accepted2023-03-02
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Date published2023-12-25
Specifics of geotechnical risk control in the design of underground structures
The underground space development is associated with the emergence of complex and dangerous situations, often leading to accidents. The condition for their development is the potential geotechnical risks. High-quality execution and analysis of design work at all the stages of design, starting from the early stages, is one of the effective ways to control risks. Clarification of the characteristics and features of the rock mass adjacent to the projected underground structure makes it possible to identify the potential cause of the occurrence of an adverse event with a certain probability during the construction and operation of an underground structure. The purpose of a qualitative risk analysis is to identify risk factors in underground construction. The value of the total geotechnical risk, expressed by the sum of each of the possible risks, should be numerically estimated at the design stage of a specific underground facility. At the same time, it is extremely important to develop a methodology for managing geotechnical risks, which would make it possible to assess their probability of development at an early stage of project preparation and propose measures to reduce or prevent them. This technique is given in the article. The results of the study conducted in accordance with the presented methodology showed that geotechnical risk control proved an effective method in preventing accidents during underground construction.
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Date submitted2021-10-08
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Date accepted2022-01-24
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Date published2022-04-29
Methodology for thermal desorption treatment of local soil pollution by oil products at the facilities of the mineral resource industry
- Authors:
- Mariya A. Pashkevich
- Marina V. Bykova
The analysis of the main environmental consequences of leaks and local spills of petroleum products at the enterprises of the mineral resource complex is presented. It is established that the problem of soil contamination with petroleum products at the facilities of the mineral resource complex and enterprises of other industries is caused by significant volumes of consumption of the main types of oil products. Based on the results of the author's previous field research, a series of experiments was carried out, consisting in modeling artificial soil pollution with petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, highly refined oil, motor oil, and transmission oil, followed by their purification by heat treatment at temperatures of 150, 200, and 250 °C. The 250 °C limit of the heating temperature was set due to the need to partially preserve the structure and quality of the soil after heat treatment to preserve its fertility. When the processing temperature rises to 450 °C, all humates are completely burned out and, as a result, productivity is lost. Confirmation is provided by the results of experiments to determine the humus content in uncontaminated soil and soil treated at different temperatures. It was found that at a maximum processing temperature of 250 °C, about 50 % of the initial organic carbon content is preserved. According to the results of the conducted experimental studies, the dependences of the required processing temperature on the concentration of petroleum products to reduce the concentration of petroleum products to an acceptable level have been established. The methodology of thermal desorption cleaning of soils with varying degrees of contamination at enterprises of the mineral resource complex is presented.
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Date submitted2021-04-26
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Date accepted2021-07-27
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Date published2021-10-21
Study of the dynamics for gas accumulation in the annulus of production wells
Accumulation of associated petroleum gas in the annulus is one of the negative factors that impede the intensification of mechanized oil production. An increase in annular gas pressure causes growth of bottomhole pressure, a decrease in back pressure to the formation and the inflow of formation fluid. In addition, accumulation of gas in the annulus leads to displacement and a decrease in the liquid level above the submersible pump. Insufficient level of the pump submersion (rod or electric submersible) causes a number of complications in the operation of mechanized production units associated with overheating of the elements in pumping units. Therefore, the development of technologies for optimizing the gas pressure in the annulus is relevant. Method for calculating the intensity of gas pressure increase in the annulus of production wells operated by submersible pumps has been developed. Analytical dependence for calculating the time interval of gas accumulation in the annulus, during which the dynamic level decreases to the pump intake, is obtained. This value can be used to estimate the frequency of gas withdrawal from the annulus using compressors. It has been found that the rate of increase in annular gas pressure in time increases non-linearly with a rise in the gas-oil ratio and a decrease in water cut, and also linearly increases with a rise in liquid flow rate. Influence of the operating (gas-oil ratio) and technological (value of the gas pressure maintained in the annulus) factors on the flow rate of the suspended reciprocating compressor driven by the beam engine, designed for forced withdrawal and redirection of the annular gas into the flow line of the well is analyzed.
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Date submitted2021-03-11
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Date accepted2021-05-21
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Date published2021-09-20
The influence of solar energy on the development of the mining industry in the Republic of Cuba
Cuba is traditionally considered a country with an underdeveloped industry. The share of the mining and metallurgical industries in the gross industrial production of the republic is small – about 3 % of GDP. The development of deposits and the extraction of nickel ores is an important sector of the economy of the Republic of Cuba, since the largest reserves of nickel and cobalt on the North American continent are located on the territory of the country. The development of the country energy system can serve as a growth factor in this sector of the economy. Due to climatic features and impossibility of integrating new capacities into the energy system through the construction of hydroelectric power plants, solar energy is a promising direction. Determining the feasibility of using solar tracking systems to increase the generation of electricity from solar power plants is one of the main challenges faced by engineers and renewable energy specialists. Currently, there are no solar tracking systems in Cuba that can provide information to assess the effectiveness of this technology in the country. The lack of the necessary technologies, as well as the high cost of developing solar power plants with tracking systems, limit the widespread introduction of such complexes. Hence follows the task of creating an inexpensive experimental model that allows assessing the effectiveness of tracking systems in specific weather conditions of the Republic of Cuba. This model will allow in future to increase the efficiency of electrical complexes with solar power plants, which provide power supply to the objects of the mineral resource complex and other regions.
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Date submitted2020-06-02
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Date accepted2020-12-15
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Date published2020-12-29
Method for calculating dynamic loads and energy consumption of a sucker rod installation with an automatic balancing system
The efficiency of sucker rod pump installations, which have become widespread in mechanized lift practice, is largely determined by the balance of the drive. During the operation of sucker rod installations, the balance of loads acting on the rod string and the drive can change significantly due to changes in the dynamic fluid level, which leads to a decrease in balance and an increase in loads on the pumping equipment units. The increase and decrease in the dynamic level in accordance with the pumping and accumulation cycle occurs in wells operating in the periodic pumping mode. It is shown that during the operation of equipment in a periodic mode, fluctuations in the dynamic level and, accordingly, in the loads acting on the nodes occur. This leads to the need for dynamic adjustment of the balancing weights to ensure the balance of the pumping unit. A system for automatic balancing of the rod drive has been developed, including a balancing counterweight, an electric motor that moves the load along the balance beam, a propeller and a computing unit. To study the effectiveness of the proposed device, a complex mathematical model of the joint operation of the reservoir - well - sucker rod pump - rod string – pumping unit has been developed. It is shown that due to the dynamic adjustment of the balance counterweight position, the automatic balancing system makes it possible to significantly reduce the amplitude value of the torque on the crank shaft (in comparison with the traditional rod installation) and provide a more uniform load of the electric motor. Equalization of torque and motor load reduces the power consumption of the unit.
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Date submitted2017-11-23
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Date accepted2018-01-19
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Date published2018-04-24
Theoretical aspects of the technical level estimation of electrical engineering complexes
- Authors:
- S. V. Kolesnichenko
- O. V. Afanaseva
The results of the analysis of methods allowing to evaluate the technical level of the electro technical complex (ETC) are presented and an original technique based on the application of the integral indicator is presented. The characteristic of each stage of the technique is given. The proposed scientific and methodological apparatus for assessing the technical level of the ETС is illustrated by the examples of the executive elements of the ETC comparison (internal combustion engines) using an integral quality index that links both the main characteristics of the samples and the means spent for achieving them. The proposed approach for assessing the technical level and quality of the ETC on the basis of an integral indicator should be carried out already at early stages of the life cycle when solving the following problems: the rationale for the economic feasibility of developing new or improving the quality of the produced ETCs; choice of the best option for the developed ETC; justification of requirements for the ETC; decision-making on the establishment and removal of ETC from production; substantiation of the rules of operation of the ETC in various conditions.
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Date submitted2015-08-02
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Date accepted2015-10-04
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Date published2016-04-22
Development of innovative technologies of dedusting in mining and advance coal mine faces
- Authors:
- G. I. Korshunov
- S. B. Romanchenko
The article describes the results of the implementation of investment projects in the field of complex dedusting implemented in major coal producing companies in Russia. Experimental study of the processes reduce the levels of dust in the workplace in the application of modern systems of irrigation and aspiration systems. The factors that determine the mass and composition of particulate airborne dust at various ways of dust suppression. The results of the analysis of the laser dispersed composition of particles removed from the air of the working area
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Date submitted2015-08-01
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Date accepted2015-10-06
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Date published2016-04-22
History and philosophy of science in technical and mining-geological education in modern Russia
- Authors:
- M. I. Mikeshin
The paper describes the manner to teach history and philosophy of technical sciences in today’s Russia. The conventional concept of philosophy of science is examined, in particular, in its application to technical sciences. Didactic peculiarities of the history and philosophy of science course as it is taught in Russia to PhD students, within an example of academician V.S. Stepin’s manuals, are analyzed. Concepts of the role philosophical courses play to enrich students’ scholarly training are discussed. It is underlined that the didactics based upon the belief into the rationality of the whole «world system» and into the right way in understanding its «foundations» is still preserved everywhere. It is important for philosophers to deal with describing and studying contexts which are not taken into account by disciplinary paradigms. Three levels, on which student and PhD students meet philosophy, form a unity. Collaboration and intellectual exchanges between teachers and students on the two highest levels can be turned into an abundant source of the essential information for teachers.
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Date submitted2009-09-22
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Date accepted2009-11-23
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Date published2010-06-25
Scientific-technical progress and innovation development in sociological science history
- Authors:
- V. N. Zavrazhin
The paper is dedicated to the consideration of interrelation of scientific-technical progress and social progress as one of the most important subjects of sociological science. Some classical and modern macrosociological theories are in the centre of attention, that develop progressive approach in understanding the place and role of scientific-technical progress and innovation development in the life of society. The emphasis is made on the actualization of macrosociological analysis of the problems stated in the paper in the current global economic crisis context.
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Date submitted2009-09-23
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Date accepted2009-11-24
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Date published2010-06-25
Innovation approaches in rhetoric learning for technical college
- Authors:
- N. V. Rusanova
The article depicts modern society demands from today's high tech specialist mobility and creative self-development. Liberal arts are facing the problem of development of these abilities. This creates a necessity in innovation processes for development and introduction of new humanitarian disciplines in technical colleges. Becoming part of European higher education space assumes familiarization with foreign liberal arts, in particular, world experience in rhetoric study. That's why modern technical college needs a course of foreign rhetoric with practice.
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Date submitted2009-08-23
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Date accepted2009-10-17
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Date published2010-02-01
Mathematical description of microwave contact level controller for liquid agent
- Authors:
- N. V. Teterin
- O. M. Bolshunova
It is shown the problem of measurement of level in oil tanks. Considered the use of a method of the sway electromagnetic radiation for the control of level of section of environments in tanks, made its mathematical description, resulted the estimation of results of practical application.
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Date submitted2008-11-01
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Date accepted2009-01-22
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Date published2009-12-11
Rate setting of electrical equipment reserve stocks on the enterprises of the gas main transport
- Authors:
- L. V. Vazhenina
Minimization of economic losses from downtime of equipment and, first of all, off-schedule (breakdowns, accidents) is an actual problem whose solution can be achieved by the development and creation of a reserve stocks (irreducible level) materials and spare parts of electrical equipment. As a result of the study and comparative analysis of different methods for determining the amount of the reserve stocks has been concluded that these approaches are not fully reflect the real needs of the enterprise. In this regard, has developed an optimal method for determining the amount of irreducible level of reserve stocks of electrical equipment, taking into account the rational order of delivery of equipment, spare parts.
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Date submitted1954-08-16
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Date accepted1954-10-26
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Date published1956-01-17
Электроуровнемер для замера динамического уровня воды в скважинах
- Authors:
- Unknown
Электроуровнемер предназначен для замера динамического уровня воды в скважинах при откачках (рис. 1). Предельная глубина, измеряемая прибором, 100 м, точность измерения + 0,05%. Принцип действия прибора основан на замыкании электрической цепи между опускаемым в скважину наконечником и водой, определяемом по отклонению стрелки гальванометра (рис. 2). Глубина, на которой происходит замыкание цепи, определяется длиной изолированного провода, опущенного в скважину (см. статью). В заключение отметим, что описанный выше электроуровнемер дает вполне достаточную для практики точность измерения как статического, так и динамического уровней воды в скважинах при одиночных и кустовых откачках.
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Date submitted1954-08-26
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Date accepted1954-10-08
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Date published1956-01-17
Оголовки для центральной и наблюдательной скважин, облегчающие наблюдение за динамическими уровнями
Центральная скважина. При организации опытных откачек, эрлифтом динамические уровни воды в центральной скважине обычно остаются вне наблюдений, так как водоподъемная труба заполняется эмульсией, маскирующей положение динамического уровня. Для наблюдений за динамическими уровнями проходят специальную наблюдательную скважину малого диаметра (пьезометр) в непосредственной близости от центральной скважины, и называют ее затрубной наблюдательной скважиной. При глубоком залегании динамического уровня в водоносном горизонте проходка и крепление затрубной скважины становятся затруднительными. Очень удобно такую скважину заменить пьезометрической трубкой, опущенной в центральную скважину рядом с воздушной трубой. Если нижний обрез пьезометрической трубки погрузить на 5—10 м ниже смесителя, то вода в ней полностью освобождается от воздействия подаваемого в центральную скважину воздуха и устанавливается на уровне, соответствующем динамическому уровню в центральной скважине и водоносном горизонте. Остается только периодически замерять положение этого уровня уровнемером. Удобен уровнемер Б. П. Остроумова.