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Date submitted2024-09-06
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Date accepted2025-01-28
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Date published2025-03-27
Results of aeromagnetic survey using unmanned aerial system at the Bunger Hills and Highjump Archipelago, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica
The paper focuses on the technique and results of an aeromagnetic survey conducted using a fixed-wing unmanned aerial system (UAS) in East Antarctica at the Bunger Hills and Highjump Archipelago (Wilkes Land) during the 69th Russian Antarctic Expedition. The above survey was carried out at a 250-meter distance between flight lines (scale 1:25,000) over the area of 600 km 2 to increase the geological knowledge of the area. The magnetic anomaly map obtained after data processing is more detailed than any of known published geological maps of the area. The size of anomalies detected varies from dozens of meters up to large, kilometer-scale structures traced within the entire area under survey. The data analysis shows that the surveyed region is characterized by morphological heterogeneity and amplitude variability of anomalous magnetic field. Along with relatively calm zones one can observe strong gradient ones. Even the fluent analysis of aeromagnetic survey results proves their high information content. The UAS-based survey results demonstrate that the technique implemented is an important tool of applied geophysics and can effectively solve tasks of geological mapping in harsh weather conditions of Antarctica. It can adequately replace conventional aeromagnetic surveys that are now done using manned aircraft.
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Date submitted2023-07-05
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Date accepted2024-06-03
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Date published2024-12-25
Complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks due to partial admixture of substandard ores
- Authors:
- Bayan R. Rakishev
The paper presents mining-technological substantiation of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by mixing a layer of substandard ores of certain sizes. The relevance of the work consists in the development of innovative methods of establishing the parameters of the substandard layer of ores to be added to the conditioned ores. The main problem is to ensure complete extraction of useful components into concentrate from shipped ore with acceptable deviations from the required ones. A new typification of complex-structured ore blocks of the bench has been carried out. Analytical dependences of mining and geological characteristics of complex-structured ore blocks were obtained. Theoretical dependences for determining the main indicators of mineral processing are derived. Analytical dependences for determination of the content of useful component in shipped ore α' – mixture of conditioned ore with the content of useful component α and admixed layer of substandard ore with the content of useful component α'' are offered. For the first time in mining science, a new approach of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by grabbing a certain part of substandard ores during excavation, increasing the volume of extracted ore and expanding the extraction of useful components in the concentrate has been substantiated. The increment of useful components can reach 10-15 % of the total volume of extraction, which allows predicting a significant increase in the completeness of mineral extraction from the Earth's interior.
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Date submitted2024-04-08
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Date accepted2024-06-13
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Date published2024-12-25
Analysing the problems of reproducing the mineral resource base of scarce strategic minerals
The results of studying the scarcity of strategic minerals in the Russian Federation are presented, domestic consumption of which is largely provided by forced imports and/or stored reserves. Relevance of the work is due to aggravation of the geopolitical situation and a growing necessity to meet the demand of national economy for raw materials from own sources. Analysis of the state of mineral resource base of scarce minerals in the Russian Federation was accomplished, problems were identified and prospects for its development were outlined taking into account the domestic demand for scarce minerals, their application areas and the main consumers. Reducing the deficit through the import of foreign raw materials and the development of foreign deposits does not ensure the reproduction of the domestic mineral resource base, independence of the country from imported raw materials as well as additional competitive advantages, economic stability and security. It was ascertained that a major factor holding back the development of the mineral resource base is insufficient implementation of new technological solutions for the use of low-quality ore. Improving the technologies in the industry is relevant for all types of scarce minerals to solve the problem of reproducing their resource base. Taking into account the prospects for the development of the resource base for the minerals under consideration (manganese, uranium, chromium, fluorspar, zirconium, titanium, graphite) requires a set of legal and economic measures aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of geological exploration for subsoil users at their own expense without attracting public funding. The proposed measures, taking into account the analysis of positive experience of foreign countries, include the development of junior businesses with expansion of the “declarative” principle, the venture capital market, various tax incentives, preferential loans as well as conditions for the development of infrastructure in remote regions. The proposed solution to the problem of scarcity of strategic minerals will make it possible in future to present measures to eliminate the scarcity of certain types of strategic minerals taking into account their specificity.
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Date submitted2022-06-25
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Date accepted2023-06-20
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Date published2024-02-29
Determination of the accuracy of leveling route based on GNSS/leveling and Earth gravitational model data SGG-UGM-2 at some typical regions in Vietnam
- Authors:
- Bui Thi Hong Tham
- Phi Truong Thanh
This paper presents the accuracy of leveling routes determined by using GNSS/leveling at three grades and Earth gravitational model data SGG-UGM-2 in four regions of Vietnam by calculating the difference between the measured height anomalies and the model of pairs of points. The calculation is made based on the total points of three grades for four regions (99 in the Northwest, 34 in the Red River Delta, 130 in the Central Highlands, and 96 in the Mekong River Delta) with the leveling routes, connected between pair of points in each region are 189, 92, 294, and 203. The calculated results of the percentage of accuracy of the leveling routes of the four regions have shown that most of the leveling routes are satisfactory (grades I-IV, and technical leveling). The determination of the accuracy of the leveling route is completely applicable to other areas when the points have simultaneous ellipsoid and leveling heights and it also helps managers and surveyors to predict the accuracy of the height points when the above-mentioned leveling routes are connected and to take reasonable measures when implementing the project.
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Date submitted2022-04-08
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Date accepted2023-03-02
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Date published2023-04-25
Geochemical properties and transformation of the microelement composition of soils during the development of primary diamond deposits in Yakutia
Extraction of diamonds from primary deposits in Siberia is associated with the development of kimberlite pipes in challenging environmental conditions, accompanied by a complex impact on the environment. The article presents the results of monitoring the soil cover of the Nakyn kimberlite field in the Yakutia diamond province, which is affected by the facilities of the Nyurba Mining and Processing Division. Development of primary diamond deposits has a large-scale impact on the subsoil, topography, and soil cover: creation of the world's largest quarries, formation of dumps more than 100 m high, arrangement of extensive tailings, formation of solid and liquid industrial wastes of various chemical composition. The research is aimed at studying the spatial and temporal patterns of the technogenic impact on the soil cover, identifying the nature and level of transformation of the microelement composition of soils based on the analysis of the intra-profile and lateral distribution of mobile forms of trace elements. The study targets in 2007-2018 were zonal types of permafrost soils of northern taiga landscapes, cryozems, occupying 84 % of the total study area, which are characterized by biogenic accumulation of mobile forms of Ni, Mn, and Cd in the upper AO, A cr horizons, and Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu in the suprapermafrost CR horizon. We found out that the contamination of the soil cover of the industrial site at the Nyurba Mining and Processing Division is of a multielement nature with local highly to very highly contaminated areas. Over a ten-year observation period, areas of stable soil contamination are formed, where the main pollutants are mobile forms of Mn, Zn, Ni. We suggest that against the background of a natural geochemical anomaly associated with trap and kimberlite magmatism, technogenic anomalies are formed in the surface horizons of soils. They are spatially linked to technogenically transformed landscapes. One of the sources of pollutants is the dispersion of the solid phase of dust emissions in the direction of the prevailing winds, which leads to the formation of soils with abnormally high contents of mobile forms of Mn, Zn, Ni.
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Date submitted2022-03-09
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Date accepted2022-11-17
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Date published2023-02-27
Development of methodology for economic evaluation of land plots for the extraction and processing of solid minerals
The Russian economy has a pronounced resource specialization; in many regions, subsoil use is a backbone or one of the main areas of the economy. In these conditions, the improvement of the methodology for the economic evaluation of lands on which mining enterprises are located is of particular relevance. On the basis of the existing experience in assessing industrial land, the authors present a developed methodology for determining the cadastral value of land plots where mining enterprises are located, taking into account their industry characteristics and the specifics of production and commercial activities. At the same time, cadastral valuation is considered as a specific form of economic valuation. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of taking into account the cost factors that have the greatest impact on the formation of the cost of land for the extraction and processing of solid minerals, and the method of assessment depending on the characteristics of the object. To carry out theoretical research, the methods of analysis and synthesis of legal and scientific and technical literature in the field of cadastral and market valuation of land were used in the work. The practical part is based on the application of expert methods, including the method of analysis of hierarchies, system and logical analysis. The method of M.A.Svitelskaya was chosen as the basis, which presents a combination of modified methods of statistical (regression) modeling and modeling based on specific indicators of cadastral value. The use of this technique in economic practice contributes to increasing the efficiency of cadastral valuation and the objectivity of its results.
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Date submitted2022-06-17
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Date accepted2022-10-18
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Date published2022-11-03
Scientific experimental bases for dry beneficiation of mineral ores
The article presents the results of research on the development of processes and equipment for ore preparation and pneumatic dry beneficiation of mineral ores. The methods of crushing and grinding before enrichment of minerals have been considered, dry enrichment of geomaterials is investigated. Highly efficient prototypes of beneficiation equipment are developed and tested: crushers of multiple dynamic impact RD-MDV-900, DKD-300, centrifugal grinders CMVU-800 and VCI-12, pneumatic separator POS-2000. Fundamental designs are created, and a number of new ore preparation and pneumatic beneficiation instruments are being designed. The efficiency of approbation of an autonomous dry beneficiation complex with new safe environmental standards for the processing of gold-bearing ores, which makes it possible to fully release and extract free gold with a particle size from 10,000 to 100 µm, is shown. The introduction of the dry beneficiation method is very promising for the mining industry. It will allow to reduce capital costs for the construction of stationary beneficiation plants, completely or partially withdraw from the use of process water, the construction of a water supply system, a traditional tailing dam, etc.
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Date submitted2022-02-22
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Date accepted2022-09-15
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Date published2022-11-10
The problem of the genesis of the Mesoarchean aluminosilicate rocks from the Karelian craton and their possible use as a quartz-feldspar raw material
The article presents original data obtained in the study of the chemical and mineral compositions of the Late Archean aluminosilicate rocks (formerly called silicites) from the Koikari and Elmus structures of the Vedlozero-Segozero greenstone belt of the Karelian craton (Central Karelia). A comprehensive study of these formations revealed their complex genesis as a result of the late imposition of hydrothermal and metamorphic alteration on sedimentary and volcanic-sedimentary rocks of feldspar-quartz composition. Due to the superimposed metasomatic (temperature?) impact on feldspar-quartz siltstones, Fe was removed from microinclusions in quartz and feldspar and its oxides were concentrated along the grain boundaries. Minerals such as monazite, parisite, allanite are also located either along the grain boundaries of quartz and feldspars, or together with calcite they fill microfractures, which makes it possible to get rid of them when preparing quartz-feldspar concentrates using various beneficiation technologies. According to most indicators limited by GOSTs, individual samples in their natural form meet the requirements for quartz-feldspar raw materials for use as part of batch in the production of diverse types of glass. Additional beneficiation of the feedstock (grinding, screening into narrow classes and further magnetic separation) leads to a decrease in Fe 2 O 3 content to normalized values. The resulting quartz-feldspar concentrates with various particle sizes can be used in the production of building material and fine ceramics (sanitary and ceramic products, facing and finishing tiles, artistic, household porcelain and faience). The homogeneity of the mineral and chemical composition, the possibility of compact extraction and beneficiation (including in mobile small-sized installations) increase the prospects and competitiveness of this non-traditional feldspar raw material from Central Karelia.
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Date submitted2021-10-31
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Date accepted2022-04-26
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Date published2022-07-13
Identification of structural control factors of primary gold ore occurrences by method of unmanned aeromagnetic survey by the example of the Neryungrisky district of Yakutia
The long-term development of the geophysical industry, in which the methods of magnetometry are in maximum demand, as the simplest in instrumental and methodological execution, has determined the development of remote measurement methods implemented both from space and airborne carriers. The necessity to use the latter as an obligatory component of field surveys, providing coverage of significant areas, determines the need for using the unmanned low-tonnage carriers. Their use is implemented to search for predictive elements of structural (spatial, genetic) control of endogenous gold ore occurrences that allow predictive constructions, i.e., solving the problem of increasing gold reserves, which is being performed within the framework of federal programs. The purpose of the survey is to develop a system of instrumental and subsequent interpretation approaches in the organization of unmanned magnetometer survey, implemented for structural and geological mapping by the example of the Neryungrinsky district of Yakutia. Within the framework of the digital model formation of the relief and the anomalous magnetic field, a survey method using an unmanned aircraft, its technical characteristics are considered; the analysis and the author's modification of the office analysis of magnetometry data are performed. Based on the obtained materials, a physical and geological model of the investigated area was created, which is presented in the form of a geological and structural cut, accompanied by the physical characteristics of the structural and material complexes. The refinement of the physical and geological model was implemented by a joint morphostructural analysis of the remote base and the anomalous magnetic field using the results of quantative interpretation of the anomalous magnetic field. The result of the study is presented by an updated geological basis with the allocation of promising ore sites for their detailing as part of the planned large-scale geological and geophysical surveys. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the synthesis of the tried and tested methods of unmanned aeromagnetometric measurements and geostructural reconstructions, which allow the processing of both potential and non-potential geofields.
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Date submitted2021-02-24
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Date accepted2021-10-18
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Date published2021-12-16
A probabilistic approach to the dynamic cut-off grade assessment
Cut-off grade is an important conditioning parameter that determines the quantity and quality of recoverable reserves and development efficiency. Today, Russian mining companies operate with certified quality requirements. By setting permanent quality requirements, the government seeks to prevent depletion of reserves, reduced production during periods of falling prices, and decreased budget revenues, expressing the interests of all members of society. But to what extent do the permanent quality requirements protect the interests of the state? The answer to this question is ambiguous and does not lie on the surface. The State Commission for Reserves and domestic researchers are working to find a rational solution to the problem of quality requirements. One solution is dynamic quality requirements. The effectiveness of their application has been proven for individual mining companies, but it is incorrect to transfer these conclusions to the entire mineral resource base of the country. This article presents a new approach to determining the dynamic cut-off grade, which varies depending on the price of minerals. The dynamic cut-off grade is proposed to be determined based on the indicators of constant requirements to the quality of exploration work, using the maximum allowable costs in the region. The approach allows to calculate the effect of the introduction of dynamic cut-off grade in the practice of subsurface use for the state (in the form of the amount of taxes received) and for subsoil users (in the form of the amount of income). For a group of gold-bearing deposits with open-pit mining method, it was established that the development of reserves using dynamic values of the cut-off grade in periods of price changes ensures compliance with the interests of the state and subsoil users.
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Date submitted2021-03-05
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Date accepted2021-09-07
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Date published2021-12-16
Utilization of sewage sludge as an ameliorant for reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands
- Authors:
- Tatyana A. Petrova
- Edelina Rudzisha
When rehabilitating technogenically disturbed lands of mining facilities, fertilizers and ameliorants are to be applied due to the lack of organic matter and nutrients required for the restoration of the soil and vegetation layer. The use of unconventional fertilizers (ameliorants) based on sewage sludge is one of the actual directions of land reclamation at mining sites. The purpose of the work is to summarize and analyze up-to-date information on the effectiveness of the use of sewage sludge for the reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands of mining and processing industries. The analysis is based on a review of recent studies aimed at assessing the impact of introduced sediment on soils, plant communities, and rehabilitated areas. The introduction of sewage sludge has a positive effect on the physical and chemical parameters of the soil (optimizes density and aggregation), saturates it with nutrients, i.e. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Na, thus improving plant growth indicators. However, it may contain a number of heavy metals and pathogens; therefore, studies of each sediment and conditions of reclaimed areas are necessary.
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Date submitted2020-05-28
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Date accepted2021-07-27
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Date published2021-10-21
On the applicability of electromagnetic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing
The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of using electromagnetic monitoring to study the development of a fracture system generated by hydraulic fracturing (HF) with a specified position of the controlled source. The option with the source (a vertical electric dipole) located in the interval of the oil-bearing formation and ground-based measurements was chosen as the most promising monitoring plan. We have built a geoelectric model equivalent to the system of hydraulic fractures, divided into 11 zones corresponding to HF stages. For the selected model, mathematical simulation was performed by solving the direct problem considering the impact of the steel casing, the presence of which reduced the effect. Despite this fact, no strong distortion of electromagnetic field anomaly was observed above the HF zone. Analysis of the simulation results at different HF stages showed that as new hydraulic fractures appeared and were filled with electrically conductive proppant, the total effect increased. The data on electric field anomaly demonstrated maximum deviation from the background level of more than 2 %. Provided that the studied formation is characterized by sufficient electrical conductivity, its magnetic field also becomes informative.
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Date submitted2021-03-13
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Date accepted2021-05-21
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Date published2021-09-20
Cadastral valuation of forest lands, taking into account the degree of development of their infrastructure
The article substantiates the need to improve methodology for cadastral valuation of forest lands and change the principles for calculating the rental rate of forest lands, on the basis of which the rent for the use of these lands will be determined in future. The methodology for determining the cadastral value of forest lands, taking into account the degree of development of their infrastructure, is presented. The infrastructure of lands of the forest fund is considered and an algorithm for assessing such infrastructure by means of geoinformation modeling is shown. A method for calculating a complex integral indicator (coefficient of infrastructure development) is presented, which is applicable to differentiate lands covered and not covered with tree vegetation, for their effective and rational management. The complex integral indicator determines the availability of forest plots, as it takes into account location of the forest fund infrastructure in relation to assessment plots, which makes it possible to obtain information about the time spent on covering the required distance. This methodology can be applied to assess the quality and condition of the existing infrastructure of the forestry sector in implementation of measures within the framework of the Strategy for the development of the forestry complex, providing for support and construction of infrastructure facilities on the forest fund lands. The method was tested in the Baltiysky district forestry of the Baltiysko-Belozersky taiga region. The results were as follows: the map of the forest fund infrastructure development within the boundaries of differentiation assessment according to the calculated integral indicator of infrastructure development was obtained; the regression model for calculating the rent rate taking into account the taxation value and integral indicator infrastructure development was received: the cadastral value of forest lands taking into account the developed model was calculated.
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Date submitted2019-05-24
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Date accepted2019-09-08
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Date published2020-02-25
Investigation of the influence of the length of the intermediate magnetic circuit on the characteristics of magnetic gripper for robotic complexes of the mining industry
The analysis of the existing systems of mechanical grippers of various operating principles and operating environments, in the design of which both soft and hard magnetic materials are executed. The characteristics of existing prototypes are shown and the results of our own research are presented. The article presents a study of the effect of the intermediate magnetic circuit length on the characteristics of magnetic gripper, the principle of which is based on the control of the field of a permanent magnet. The gripper based on this principle of action does not require constant energy expenditures to maintain both on and off states. The description of the magnetic gripper design and the design of the test bench is given, as well as the results of a series of experiments to determine the strength of the release of the gripper at different lengths of the magnetic circuit in the on and off states, followed by statistical processing of the data. The intervals of the ranges in which with a high degree of probability there will be a value of the gripping disengagement force for various lengths of the intermediate magnetic circuit are identified. The nature of the distribution of a random variable, which is the force of decoupling of the gripper, is determined. The dependences of the gripper decoupling force on the length of the intermediate magnetic circuit for each of the gripper states are constructed. It has been established that a decrease in the length of the intermediate magnetic circuit is the cause of a decrease in the gripping adhesion force. Plots of the dependence of the gripper decoupling force were constructed using the modes of the force values varieties to visually display the experimental results. The maximum adhesion force of magnetic pickup – 9.5 kg – was achieved with an intermediate magnetic core length of 50 mm, the minimum with a length of 25 mm – 5.6 kg.
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Date submitted2019-03-19
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Date accepted2019-05-22
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Date published2019-08-23
Engineering of Complex Structure Apatite Deposits and Excavating-Sorting Equipment for Its Implementation
- Authors:
- A. Yu. Cheban
Development of Oshurkovskoye apatite deposit with conventional methods, using drilling, blasting and then processing of extracted ore by means of flotation and construction of hydraulic structures to store wet tailings, turns out to be impossible, as the reservoir is located in a special ecological zone of Transbaikal; moreover, the deposit has a complex geological structure and a low grade of valuable component in the orebody. Refinement of the mineral product occurs primarily during its processing; however, ore grade can already be controlled in the process of its extraction. Advancement of technical facilities opens up new opportunities of selective mining for complex structure deposits. The purpose of this research is to create a technology, which will upgrade the quality of mineral substance, fed to the processing plant, directly at the extraction stage. The paper proposes a technological development scheme for Oshurkovskoye deposit using an excavating-sorting complex containing a transport-sorting facility and a measuring unit for estimation of the grade in a milled rock mass; it allows to separate a rich fine fraction of substandard ore, which under conventional mining practices would have been sent to the stockpile of temporarily substandard ore. Separation of fine fractions of apatite ore in the transport-sorting facility allows to reduce dusting during production and cuts the losses of valuable component, associated with aeration of fine fractions during loading and transportation of the rock mass. Positioning of oversize material in the open trench with its subsequent selective extraction by the loading machine facilitates non-stop operation of the mining-sorting equipment, which provides an increase in the productivity of mining operations.
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Date submitted2019-03-11
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Date accepted2019-05-06
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Date published2019-08-23
Estimation Method for Vector Field Divergence of Earth Crust Deformations in the Process of Mineral Deposits Development
- Authors:
- B. T. Mazurov
- M. G. Mustafin
- A. A. Panzhin
An essential requirement for effective and safe deposit development is good geomechanical software. Nowadays software packages based on finite element method are used extensively to estimate stress-strain state of the rock mass. Their quality use can only be assured if boundary conditions and integral mechanical properties of the rock mass are known. In mining engineering this objective has always been achieved by means of experimental observations. The main source of information on initial and man-induced stress-strain state of the rock mass is natural measurement of displacement characteristics. Measurement of geodetic data (coordinates, heights, directions) in the period between alteration cycles allows to plot a field of displacement vectors for the points in question. Taken together, displacement vectors provide information on the objective stress-strain state of the Earth crust. Basing on it, strain tensors, displacement components, directions and rates of compression and tension can be calculated in the examined area. However, differential characteristics of any physical vector field – namely, curl and divergence – need to be taken into account. Divergence is a single value (scalar) associated with a single point. Vector field as a whole can be described with divergence scalar field. Divergence indicates the sign (positive or negative) of volume changes in the infinitesimal region of space and characterizes vector flux in the nearest proximity and in all directions from a given point. In the paper authors propose a method to estimate divergence using discrete geodetic observations of displacement occurring on the surface of examined territory. It requires construction of formulas that model vector field for any point of the area. It is proposed to use power polynomials that describe displacement in three directions (x, y, z). These formulas allow to estimate field vectors in any given point, i.e. to form vector tubes. Then areas of input and output cross-section, as well as divergence values are calculated. This increases the quality of geodetic observation and provides opportunities for more precise modeling of the rock mass disrupted by mining operations, using modern software packages.
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Date submitted2019-01-11
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Date accepted2019-03-17
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Date published2019-06-25
Improving methods of frozen wall state prediction for mine shafts under construction using distributed temperature measurements in test wells
- Authors:
- L. Yu. Levin
- M. A. Semin
- O. S. Parshakov
Development of mineral deposits under complex geological and hydrogeological conditions is often associated with the need to utilize specific approaches to mine shaft construction. The most reliable and universally applicable method of shaft sinking is artificial rock freezing – creation of a frozen wall around the designed mine shaft. Protected by this artificial construction, further mining operations take place. Notably, mining operations are permitted only after a closed-loop frozen section of specified thickness is formed. Beside that, on-line monitoring over the state of frozen rock mass must be organized. The practice of mine construction under complex hydrogeological conditions by means of artificial freezing demonstrates that modern technologies of point-by-point and distributed temperature measurements in test wells do not detect actual frozen wall parameters. Neither do current theoretical models and calculation methods of rock mass thermal behavior under artificial freezing provide an adequate forecast of frozen wall characteristics, if the input data has poor accuracy. The study proposes a monitoring system, which combines test measurements and theoretical calculations of frozen wall parameters. This approach allows to compare experimentally obtained and theoretically calculated rock mass temperatures in test wells and to assess the difference. Basing on this temperature difference, parameters of the mathematical model get adjusted by stating an inverse Stefan problem, its regularization and subsequent numerical solution.
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Date submitted2018-09-13
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Date accepted2018-11-09
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Date published2019-02-22
Lignin sludge application for for-est land reclamation: feasibility assessment
- Authors:
- M. A. Pashkevich
- T. A. Petrova
- E. Rudzisha
The article analyses waste generation of pulp and paper industry in North-Western Russia. The environmental impact of waste storage facilities of the pulp and paper mill was assessed, the need for utilization of lignin sludge was justified. In North-Western Russia, 1.21 million hectares of disturbed areas are in need for reclamation; they are abandoned quarries and lands alienated for pipeline and road construction. The suitability of lignin sludge for preparation of artificial fertile soils for reclamation purposes is estimated. For this purpose, experiments were carried out to create an artificial mixture with different ratios of lignin sludge and soil, to detect the maldevelopment of several plant species grown on various compositions of lignin sludge and soils. It was revealed that lignin sludge as an organic additive to soils is not toxic to vegetation and living organisms, allowing improving fertility of artificial soils.
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Date submitted2018-07-12
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Date accepted2018-09-09
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Date published2018-12-21
Application of the theory of wavelets for compression and filtration of geoinformation
- Authors:
- A. S. Yarmolenko
- O. V. Skobenko
The purpose of the article is to develop a detailed and accessible technology for the application of wavelets in the processing of geo-information, the subject of research is wavelet-based filtering and compression of geo-information. The research methodology is based on the modern theory of wavelets in the light of linear algebra. Research methods involve study and generalization, abstraction, formalization, mathematical modeling using computer programs compiled by the authors. After the introduction and formulation of the problem, the basic positions of linear algebra are presented, on which the content of the article is based when constructing orthonormal bases in one- and two-dimensional cases. First, the application of the general theory to the decomposition of the vector of initial data in the Haar and Shannon bases is given. Further, on the basis of the Haar basis, orthonormal bases of wavelet transforms and filtering information are constructed. The procedure for creating wavelet filters by a sequence of convolutions, the use of MSA analysis for constructing an orthonormal basis of the wavelet transform is considered. Implemented the practical possibility of wavelet filtering based on specific programs for modeling geo-information data fields and images, data compression and filtering. The result of the work is the methods of constructing orthonormal bases by various methods of wavelet transform, based on which algorithms and corresponding computer programs for geoinformation compression are compiled using the example of terrain and photographic images. The efficiency of geoinformation compression and noise filtering using wavelets was investigated. A method has been developed for determining the value of a filter depending on the accuracy of the initial geo-information, illustrated by the example of calculating the filter value for compressing information about the heights of the terrain. The same technique is recommended for image filtering.
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Date submitted2018-06-27
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Date accepted2018-09-18
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Date published2018-12-21
Migration forms of chemical elements in the intrusive rocks of the Eastern Desert (El Sela area, Egypt)
- Authors:
- M. M. Ghoneim
- E. G. Panova
In the Egypt's Eastern Desert intrusive rocks with U-REE mineralization (two-mica granites, microgranites, dolerites, and bostonites) are developed. We estimated the content of chemical elements in reference samples of intrusive rocks and also in their water-soluble (colloid-salt) fraction. This fraction is water-extracted from the rock under certain conditions. The rock sample and its colloid-salt fraction are analyzed using ICP-MS. The chemical characteristic of the extracted fraction reflects the mobile migrating part of the chemical elements in the composition of the rocks. Comparison of the obtained data allows us to estimate the share of migrating and weakly migrating elements.
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Date submitted2017-11-15
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Date accepted2018-01-13
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Date published2018-04-24
Use of nano-dimensional hydrophobic coatings for obtaining electrets based on silicon dioxide
- Authors:
- N. S. Pshchelko
The article considers the physical-technological foundations of formation of the silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) based electret for use in devices of MEMS technology. Studies have shown that the best electret properties are in SiO 2 obtained in «wet» oxygen medium as compared to samples obtained by other oxidation methods. This is probably due to the large number of Si-OH groups on the surface of the oxide in the «wet» SiO 2 , which increases the effectiveness of the hydrophobic coatings during the modification of the SiO 2 surface. It has been found that other methods of obtaining oxide, for example, electrochemical or plasmachemical, do not make it possible to obtain SiO 2 with good electret properties. The decrease of the charge injected into an electret can occur due to the presence of volume or surface conductivity, as well as the screening of this charge by opposite charges from the medium, leading to significant decrease of electret surface potential at high ambient humidity. To increase the stability of the electret effect, it is necessary to perform water-repellency treatment of SiO 2 surface by applying thin (nanosized) water-repellent coatings. Experimental results on the stability of the electret surface potential are presented for usage of various water repellents. The most promising water repellents are high-temperature photoresist FPT-1-40 and polyimide nanolayer compositions – Langmuir-Blodgett films.
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Date submitted2017-09-22
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Date accepted2017-11-17
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Date published2018-02-22
The problem of cadastral appraisal of forest lands taking into account the infrastructure of the forestry fund
- Authors:
- V. F. Kovyazin
- A. Yu. Romanchikov
Forest lands are the main means of production in the forest sector. For the most territories in the Russian Federation there are established methods of cadastral appraisal, but not for the forest regions taking up 2/3 of the country’s area. In 2002 Russian Government made an attempt to solve this problem and recommended a method of cadastral appraisal for the lands of the forestry fund. However, the method did not find practical application and was dismissed in 2010, and no substitution followed. In each subject of the Russian Federation private appraisers offer their own options of forest land valuation, but their results differ significantly even for the lands with comparable species of wood, productivity, site quality and age composition of the stand. Moreover, valuation organizations do not take into account forest infrastructure. Authors propose a universal method suitable for the entire territory of the country, which will allow to calculate specific cadastral value of the forest lands taking into account taxation indices of the wood stands growing there. The method is suitable not only for the objective cadastral valuation of the forest lands – reasonable rental payments will provide an opportunity to develop transport infrastructure in the forestry fund, especially forest roads and bridges, and to make timely arrangements for plant maintenance, forest protection and reproduction, which will have a significant influence on social and economic development of forest regions in Russia.
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Date submitted2016-11-01
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Date accepted2017-01-20
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Date published2017-04-14
Technology and economics of near-surface geothermal resources exploitation
- Authors:
- E. I. Boguslavskii
- V. V. Fitsak
The paper presents economic justification for applicability of near-surface geothermal installations in Luga region, based on results of techno-economic calculations as well as integrated technical and economic comparison of different prediction scenarios of heat supply, both conventional and using geothermal heat pumps (GHP). Construction costs of a near-surface geothermal system can exceed the costs of central heating by 50-100 %. However, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs of heat production for geothermal systems are 50-70 % lower than for conventional sources of heating. Currently this technology is very important, it is applied in various countries (USA, Germany, Japan, China etc.), and depending on the region both near-surface and deep boreholes are being used. World practice of near-surface geothermal systems application is reviewed in the paper.
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Date submitted2016-10-28
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Date accepted2017-01-08
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Date published2017-04-14
Problems of mineral tax computation in the oil and gas sector
- Authors:
- N. G. Privalov
- S. G. Privalova
The paper demonstrates the role of mineral tax in the overall sum of tax revenues in the budget. Problems of tax computation and payment have been reviewed; taxpayers and taxation basis of the amount of extracted minerals have been clearly defined. Issues of rental content of natural resource taxes are reviewed, as well as problems of right definition of the rental component in the process of mineral tax calculation for liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. One of important problems in mineral tax calculation is a conflict between two laws – the Subsoil Law and the Tax Code of Russian Federation (26 th chapter). There is an ambiguity in the mechanism of calculating amounts of extracted mineral resources – from the positions of the Tax Code and the Subsoil Law. The second problem is in the necessity to amend the mineral tax for oil extraction the same way as it has been done for gas extraction, when characteristics of each field are taken into account. This will provide a basis for correct computation of the natural resource rent for liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. The paper offers recommendations for Russian authorities on this issue.
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Date submitted2016-10-30
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Date accepted2017-01-02
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Date published2017-04-14
Result of combining data from impulse electrical prospecting and aeromagnetic prospecting for groundwater exploration in the south of Yakutia
In 2014 in the south of Yakutia in the course of groundwater exploration works a complex of geophysical methods was tested: aeromagnetic and electrical prospecting was carried out using near-field transient sounding and electromagnetic sounding with induced polarization. Prospective structures for hydrogeological drilling are zones of discontinuous tectonic faults. In order to identify them, data from aeromagnetic and electrical prospecting were used. Results of drilling confirmed the presence of watered areas; however, analysis of obtained information allowed to come to the conclusion that the amount of water in the faults has no direct connection to electrical conductivity.