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Date submitted2023-09-05
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Date accepted2024-11-07
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Date published2025-02-25
Investigation of the accuracy of constructing digital elevation models of technogenic massifs based on satellite coordinate determinations
At all stages of the life cycle of buildings and structures, geodetic support is provided by electronic measuring instruments – a laser scanning system, unmanned aerial vehicles, and satellite equipment. In this context, a set of geospatial data is obtained that can be presented as a digital model. The relevance of this work is practical recommendations for constructing a local quasigeoid model and a digital elevation model (DEM) of a certain accuracy. A local quasigeoid model and a DEM were selected as the study objects. It is noted that a DEM is often produced for vast areas, and, therefore, it is necessary to build a local quasigeoid model for such models. The task of assessing the accuracy of constructing such models is considered; its solution will allow obtaining a better approximation to real data on preassigned sets of field materials. A general algorithm for creating both DEM and local quasigeoid models in the Golden Software Surfer is presented. The constructions were accomplished using spatial interpolation methods. When building a local quasigeoid model for an area project, the following methods were used: triangulation with linear interpolation (the least value of the root mean square error (RMSE) of interpolation was 0.003 m) and kriging (0.003 m). The least RMSE value for determining the heights by control points for an area project was obtained using the natural neighbour (0.004 m) and kriging (0.004 m) methods. To construct a local quasigeoid model for a linear project, the following methods were applied: kriging (0.006 m) and triangulation with linear interpolation (0.006 m). Construction of the digital elevation model resulted in the least aggregate value of the estimated parameters: on a flat plot of the earth’s surface – the natural neighbour method, for a mountainous plot with anthropogenic topography – the quadric kriging method, for a mountainous plot – quadric kriging.
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Date submitted2023-04-14
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Date accepted2023-08-02
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Date published2023-08-28
A method of determining the errors of segmented GRID models of open-pit mines constructed with the results of unmanned aerial photogrammetric survey
The methodology of building a digital elevation model based on the results of aerial photogrammetric survey from an unmanned aircraft is proposed, which is based on the division of the initial point cloud into equal segments. This allows, having made an assumption of the linear character of change of height of points in a separate segment, to approximate them by separate planes. RMS errors of the models from the survey data were calculated according to the scattering of the points in relation to the approximating surfaces, which made it possible to reveal the dependence of the model construction error relative to the sizes of their constituent segments, as well as to propose a method for filtering the cells containing outliers with respect to the expected model error. The proposed method was tested on the models of three mining objects – limestone quarry, phosphogypsum dump, and peat cut. The experimental results showed a multiple reduction in model error compared to standard DEM models providing the required accuracy for mining documentation.
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Date submitted2022-06-20
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Date accepted2022-09-06
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Date published2022-11-03
Adaptive approach formation using machine vision technology to determine the parameters of enrichment products deposition
In this paper, an adaptive approach has been developed for automatic initialization of the thickening curve using machine vision technology, which makes it possible to determine with high accuracy the material parameters necessary for the design of thickening and clarification apparatuses. Software has been developed that made it possible to search for the coordinates of the condensation critical point in automatic mode. Studies on two samples of materials (tailings of apatite-containing ores and gold-bearing concentrate) were carried out and made it possible to statistically prove the reproducibility of the results obtained using the parametric criteria of Fisher and Bartlett. It has been established that the deposition curves are approximated with high accuracy by the Weibull model, which, together with the piecewise linear approximation, makes it possible to formalize the method for determining the critical point coordinates. The empirical coefficients of the Weibull model for two samples are found, and the final liquefaction and settling rates of the studied materials are determined.
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Date submitted2020-06-02
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Date accepted2021-05-21
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Date published2021-09-20
Analysis of technological schemes for creating a geodetic control at the industrial site
The article highlights the issues of creating with the necessary accuracy a planned control on the industrial site of the engineering structures under construction using satellite technologies and total stations. Depending on the design features of the engineering structures under construction, as well as the technological scheme for the installation of building constructions and industrial equipment, various schemes for creating such control are considered, based on the application of the inverse linear-angular notch. Errors in the source data are one of the main errors that affect the accuracy of geodetic constructions, including the solution of the inverse linear-angular notch. When creating a geodetic network in several stages, the errors of the initial data of the first stage affect the values of the root-mean-square errors (RMS) of determining the position of the second stage points, the errors of which affect the value of the RMS of the position of the third stage points, etc. The reason for their occurrence is the errors of geodetic measurements that occur at each stage of control creating, as well as the stability violation of the points during the production of excavation, construction and installation works. When determining the coordinates of a separate project point at the stage of its removal in-situ by a total station, the entire network is not equalized in the vast majority of cases, and the coordinates of the starting points to which the total station is oriented are considered error-free. As a result, the RMS determination of the points coordinates of the control network or the removal of the design points of the elements of building structures and equipment will also be considered satisfying the requirements, i.e. the measurement accuracy will be artificially overestimated and will not correspond to the actual one obtained. This is due to the fact that the accumulation of errors in the initial data is not taken into account when the number of steps (stages) of control creating increases. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of measurement errors and initial data when creating a geodetic control on an industrial site by several stages of its construction based on inverse linear-angular notches and a priori estimation of the accuracy of the determined points position.
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Date submitted2020-06-11
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Date accepted2021-03-30
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Date published2021-06-24
Crystal morphology of spherical viruses
- Authors:
- Yury L. Voytekhovsky
The article discusses modern views on the structure of spherical virus capsids, which have the shape of icosahedrons (icosahedral viruses). Each face of icosahedron is composed of a single-layer closest packing of protein globules, which can have different orientation relative to the edges of icosahedron. If the lines of globules are parallel to the edges of icosahedron, then the capsid has a point symmetry group I h (with symmetry planes), if they are not parallel – the symmetry group I (without planes). From a mathematical point of view, in both symmetry groups there are series that unite equally (up to similarity) arranged capsids. They are connected pairwise by transitions to dual forms (homologous series). A hypothesis is formulated that the largest spherical viruses can have even more diverse and complex capsid structures. Along with icosahedron, their basic forms can be any simple shapes, allowed in I h and I symmetry groups (8 in total). A suggestion is made that transitions within similarity series and between homologous series have a phylogenetic significance. There are known spherical viruses of both symmetry groups. For example, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a symmetry group I h and belongs to a well-known series. The crystallographic approach allows to construct a strict morphological classification of spherical viruses. This is important for their early recognition and separate examination. The article demonstrates practical application of crystal morphology in the study of viral systems – an urgent problem of geoecology and life protection.
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Date submitted2019-03-31
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Date accepted2019-08-25
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Date published2020-02-25
Cascade frequency converters control features
The structures of systems with high-voltage cascade frequency converters containing multi-winding transformers and low-voltage low-power converters connected in series at each output phase of the load are considered. Low-voltage blocks contain three-phase diode or active rectifiers, DC capacitor filters, single-phase stand-alone voltage inverters and block disconnecting devices in partial modes (in case of failure when part of the blocks are disconnected). The possibilities of operation of cascade converters are determined, equations for correcting tasks to units in partial modes are given, tables of correction of tasks with estimates of achievable load characteristics are proposed. The results of experiments on the model of a powerful installation with a cascade frequency converter are presented, confirming the possibility of ensuring the symmetry of the load currents when disconnecting part of the blocks and the asymmetry of the circuit.
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Date submitted2019-05-12
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Date accepted2019-07-22
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Date published2019-10-23
A Modern View of Anomalies in the Metal Groups of the Periodic System of D.I.Mendeleev
The article is devoted to the 150 th anniversary of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements by D.I.Mendeleev. The fundamental law of nature, discovered by D.I.Mendeleev has anomalies and paradoxes associated with certain groups of metals. When studying the physical and chemical properties of complex metal compounds, many discrepancies can be found, namely, the location of elements in groups, which primarily relate to metals with different valences. By studying the approaches and methods for predicting the arrangement of chemical elements, it can be established that D.I.Mendeleev eliminated many differences for some metals during the formation of the Periodic system of chemical elements. D.I.Mendeleev developed a principle that excludes such errors when finding and discovering new elements. Analytical studies conducted by a Russian scientist helped to calculate the atomic masses and describe the properties of three elements not known at that time – «eka-boron», «eka-silicon», «eka-aluminum», the existence of which was proved and confirmed by subsequent discoveries of scandium, germanium, boron, and gallium. The paper provides a significant assessment of the forecasting of metals in various groups of the periodic system. Changes in the properties of some metals significantly influenced their location in the table of D.I.Mendeleev.
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Date submitted2018-07-22
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Date accepted2018-09-07
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Date published2018-12-21
Game theory model of state in-vestment into territories of advanced development in the regions of mineral resources specialization
- Authors:
- A. V. Kozlov
- A. B. Teslya
- S. A. Chernogorskii
Historically developed and non-compliant with modern conditions, the structure of industry placement and related inequality in economic development of certain territories are additional negative factors that hinder economic development of the country. Hence, the search for new organizational forms and methods of territorial development, facilitation of industrial growth in regions with mineral resources specialization become more and more relevant. Another no less important issue is justification of economic feasibility of using such tools and assessment of critical consequences of their application. Suggested by the authors, game theory model of state investment into territories of advanced development describes the method of limited resources distribution and becomes an instrument to assess the feasibility of investment into creation of advanced development territories under the conditions of insufficient information and actions of specific interest groups. Application of the suggested game theory model of state investment into creation of advanced development territories allows to forecast behavior of program participants, to model consequences of management decisions both for government structures and separate program participants.
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Date submitted2017-10-31
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Date accepted2018-01-01
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Date published2018-04-24
Peculiarities of formation and growth of nanodispersed intermetallic strengthening inclusions in rapidly-solidified alloys of Al–Mg–Zr–X-system
- Authors:
- D. I. Budelovskii
- S. Yu. Petrovich
- V. A. Lipin
The paper is devoted to the influence of the fourth element on the microstructure of the rapidly-solidified alloys of the Al–Mg–Zr-system. Alloys were additionally doped with high-melting-point metals Ti, Hf, W, and Nb. In the structure of all samples in the immediate area of the cooled surface, uniformly distributed intermetallic inclusions of several nanometers in size were detected. Such a structure can be represented as a dispersion-strengthened composite. A quantitative metallographic analysis was carried out to quantitatively describe the structure of the obtained particles of the cooled melt. The obtained rapidly-solidified alloys can be described as dispersion-strengthened composite materials with the aluminum-magnesium alloy matrix and the intermetallic particles strengthener. Depending on the alloying component, these particles differ in shape (spheres, plates, agglomerates) and in size (from 200 nm when alloying with Hf and W up to 1.2-1.5 μm with Ti and Nb alloying). The X-ray phase analysis (XPA) showed that in the studied alloys of the Al–5Mg–1.2Zr–(0.5÷2.0)X-system, high cooling rates of melts lead to the formation of new intermetallic compounds that are absent in equilibrium systems. The example of an alloy with hafnium additive shows that an increase in the content of the alloying component (from 0.5 to 2 % by mass) leads to an increase in the volume ratio of intermetallic inclusions (from 5 to 12.8 %). At the same time, their shape and average size remain unchanged. The additional alloying component will improve the mechanical characteristics of aluminum alloys by increasing the recrystallization threshold of a rapidly-solidified alloy.
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Date submitted2015-07-14
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Date accepted2015-09-28
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Date published2016-02-24
Selection of rational heating temperature for pipeline pumping high-viscosity and high pour point crude oil
- Authors:
- A. K. Nikolaev
- V. I. Klimko
The article deals with the transportation problems of high-viscosity and high pour point crude oil through pipelines. The possibility of a structural oil movement mode development during transportation below the pour point is analyzed. The results of the experiment for unevenness of the heat flux identification in the underground pipeline are given.
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Date submitted2009-09-03
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Date accepted2009-11-05
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Date published2010-06-25
Multimedia presentations as an element of lecturer work in technical higher school
- Authors:
- N. A. Egorenkova
This article is devoted to methodological aspects of modern computer technologies introduction to liberal arts teaching in technical higher school. Question of reasonability of lectures accompaniment by multimedia presentation is depicted. The experience of Russian Language and Culture of Speech lectures multimedia presentation creation is described in the article, recommendations to blocks of presentation preparation are given, some methods of working with Microsoft PowerPoint program with the help of which studying process could be done more effective, multisided, attractive, dynamic, possible to stimulate students’ creative activity are described.