A Modern View of Anomalies in the Metal Groups of the Periodic System of D.I.Mendeleev
- 1 — Saint-Petersburg Mining University
- 2 — Saint-Petersburg Mining University
- 3 — Saint-Petersburg Mining University
- 4 — Saint-Petersburg Mining University
Abstract
The article is devoted to the 150 th anniversary of the Periodic Table of Chemical Elements by D.I.Mendeleev. The fundamental law of nature, discovered by D.I.Mendeleev has anomalies and paradoxes associated with certain groups of metals. When studying the physical and chemical properties of complex metal compounds, many discrepancies can be found, namely, the location of elements in groups, which primarily relate to metals with different valences. By studying the approaches and methods for predicting the arrangement of chemical elements, it can be established that D.I.Men deleev eliminated many differences for some metals during the formation of the Periodic system of chemical elements. D.I.Mendeleev developed a principle that excludes such errors when finding and discovering new elements. Analytical studies conducted by a Russian scientist helped to calculate the atomic masses and describe the properties of three ele ments not known at that time – «eka-boron», «eka-silicon», «eka-aluminum», the existence of which was proved and confirmed by subsequent discoveries of scandium, germanium, boron, and gallium. The paper provides a significant as sessment of the forecasting of metals in various groups of the periodic system. Changes in the properties of some metals significantly influenced their location in the table of D.I.Mendeleev.
References
- Volkov V.A., Vonskii E.V., Kuznetsova G.I. Outstanding chemists of the world. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola, 1991, p. 656 (in Russian).
- Voskoboinikov V.G., Kudrin V.A., Yakushev A.M. General metallurgy. Moscow: IKTs «Akademkniga», 2005, p. 768 (in Russian).
- Gel'fer Ya.M., Lyuboshits V.L., Podgoretskii M.I. Gibbs paradox and particle identity in quantum mechanics. Moscow: Nauka, 1975, p. 272 (in Russian).
- Glinka N.L. General chemistry. Moscow: Integral-Press, 2003, p. 728 (in Russian).
- Mining Museum. Ed. by V.S.Litvinenko; Sankt-Peterburgskii gornyi universitet. SPb: «GALART», 2008, p. 128 (in Russian).
- Drozdov A. Aluminum Encyclopedia. Aluminum: Thirteenth Element. Biblioteka RUSALa, 2007, p. 240 (in Russian).
- Dubnishcheva T.Ya. Concepts of modern science. Moscow: Akademiya, 2006, p. 608 (in Russian).
- Egorova A.S. Chemistry. Rostov-na-Donu: Feniks, 1999, p. 768 (in Russian).
- Erokhin Yu.M. Chemistry. Moscow: Akademiya, 2014, p. 400 (in Russian).
- Bazhin V.Yu., Telyakov N.M., Aleksandrova T.A., Ipatova N.V. On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Decree of Peter I «On making small and large coins from established samples and specimens». Russian ruble and «Silver Foot» of Peter I. Tsvetnye metally. 2018. N 2, p. 90-98 (in Russian).
- Kuz'micheva G.M. Crystal-chemical laws in the Periodic system of elements of D.I. Mendeleev. Simple substances. Mos- cow: MITKhT, 2000, p. 37 (in Russian).
- Lidin R.A. Chemical properties of inorganic substances. Moscow: Khimiya, 2000, p. 480 (in Russian).
- New reference book for chemists and technologists. Ed. by Yu.V.Pokonova. St. Petrsburg: NPO «Mir i sem'ya», 2002, p. 988 (in Russian).
- Petryanov I.V., Trifonov D.N. Great law. Moscow: Pedagogika, 1984, p. 128 (in Russian).
- Remsden E.N. Beginnings of modern chemistry. Leningrad: Khimiya, 1989, p. 784 (in Russian).
- Saifullin R.S., Saifullin A.R. Universal lexicon: chemistry, physics and technology. Moscow: Logos, 2002, p. 548 (in Russian).
- Khauskroft K., Konsteble E. Modern course of general chemistry. Moscow: Mir, 2002. Vol. 1, p. 252 (in Russian).
- Shubeikina T.D. Zero element of the periodic system. Nauchnoe obozrenie. Biologicheskie nauki. 2016. N 1, p. 96-112 (in Russian).
- Emsli Dzh. Elementy. Moscow: Mir, 1993, p. 258 (in Russian).
- Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary. 11-nd. Ed Rev. N.I.Sax, R.J.Lewis, Sr.Van; Nostrand Rheinhold Co. N.Y., 1987, p. 1303.
- Masanori Kaji. D.I.Mendeleev's concept of chemical elements and The Principles of Chemistry. Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 2002. Vol. 27. N 1, p. 4-16.
- Oxford Dictionary of Science. Ed. A.Isaacs, J.Daintith, E.Martin; Oxford University Press. Oxford, New York, 1999, p. 858.
- Pazdro Krzysztof M. Chemia dla licealistow. Oficyna Edukacyjna, Warszawa, 1996, p. 246.
- The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 15-th Ed. Encyclopedia Britannica. Chicago, 1974-1994.
- WebElementsTM Periodic table (professional edition). Retrieved from http: //www.webelements.com.