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Date submitted2023-07-27
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Date accepted2024-06-03
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Date published2024-12-25
Normalized impulse response testing in underground constructions monitoring
Impulse Response testing is a widespread geophysical technique of monolithic plate-like structures (foundation slabs, tunnel lining, and supports for vertical, inclined and horizontal mine shafts, retaining walls) contact state and grouting quality evaluation. Novel approach to data processing based on normalized response attributes analysis is presented. It is proposed to use the energy of the normalized signal calculated in the time domain and the normalized spectrum area and the average-weighted frequency calculated in the frequency domain as informative parameters of the signal. The proposed technique allows users a rapid and robust evaluation of underground structure’s grouting or contact state quality. The advantage of this approach is the possibility of using geophysical equipment designed for low strain impact testing of piles length and integrity to collect data. Experimental study has been carried out on the application of the technique in examining a tunnel lining physical model with a known position of the loose contact area. As examples of the application of the methodology, the results of the several monolitic structures of operating municipal and transport infrastructure underground structures survey are presented. The applicability of the technique for examining the grouting of the tunnel lining and the control of injection under the foundation slabs is confirmed. For data interpretation the modified three-sigma criteria and the joint analysis of the attribute’s behavior were successfully used. The features of the field work methodology, data collection and analysis are discussed in detail. Approaches to the techniques' development and its application in the framework of underground constructions monitoring are outlined. The issues arising during acoustic examination of reinforced concrete plate-like structures are outlined.
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Date submitted2024-04-22
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Date accepted2024-06-13
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Date published2024-07-04
Comprehensive utilization of urban wastewater sludge with production of technogenic soil
The article presents the analysis of the existing approach to wastewater sludge treatment and justifies the selection of the most promising management technology that allows maximum use of wastewater sludge resource po-tential. To obtain a useful product (biocompost) suitable for use as part of technogenic soil, experimental studies of aerobic stabilization of organic matter of dehydrated urban wastewater sludge with the addition of other waste by using passive composting technology were carried out. The technology is included in the list of best available technologies (BAT). The selection of the most optimal components for the mixture was based on the results of determining the C and N content, humidity and pH of the components used that ensured the composting of organic waste. The results of laboratory studies of the obtained biocompost according to the main agrochemical and sanitary-epidemiological indicators are presented. Testing was carried out according to the criterion of toxicity of the biocompost’s aqueous extract. The assessment of the technogenic soil was performed when using biocompost in its composition for compliance with existing hygienic requirements for soil quality in the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the vegetation experiment, optimal formulations of the technogenic soil were determined, i.e., the ratio of biocompost and sand, under which the most favorable conditions for plant growth are observed according to a combination of factors such as the number of germinated seeds, the maximum height of plants and the amount of biomass. The conducted research makes it possible to increase the proportion of recycled urban wastewater sludge in the future to obtain soils characterized by a high degree of nutrient availability for plants and potentially suitable for use in landscaping, the biological stage of reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands, as well as for growing herbaceous plants in open and protected soil.
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Date submitted2022-09-30
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Date accepted2023-02-13
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Date published2023-04-25
Hydrogeoecological conditions of technogenic groundwater in waste disposal sites
The specific hydrogeoecological conditions of aquifers of some technogenic formations, mainly iron ore skarn-magnetite and titanium-magnetite formations, are considered. The resulting wastes, which are stored in waste disposal sites during development of deposits, due to the impact of a number of factors (natural and technogenic) form technogenic waters. Waste disposal facilities are complex engineering structures (dumps and sludge storages), which in turn create their own hydrogeoecological conditions, which must be investigated in order to prevent and minimize environmental and economic damage caused by these objects to the aquatic environment. The paper presents long-term field and laboratory studies of the aquatic environment under the influence of a waste disposal facility in the Middle Urals – one of the largest tailings, representing a potential environmental and man-made hazard. This tailing dump contains tens of tons of waste – enrichment tailings and creates specific hydrogeoecological conditions on the territory. Based on many years of monitoring studies, an analysis of these conditions was carried out – the quality of groundwater affected by the tailings was assessed. It is shown that groundwater is of technogenic nature, i.e. are man-made waters that have a significant impact on the surface and underground hydrospheres of the territory.
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Date submitted2022-01-24
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Date accepted2022-04-26
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Date published2023-04-25
Forecast of radionuclide migration in groundwater of the zone affected by construction drainage at the Leningrad NPP-2
The distribution of natural (at the level of global background) and technogenic radionuclides in groundwater of the industrial zone in Sosnovy Bor town, where several nuclear power facilities are operating, was analyzed. The main technogenic radionuclides recorded in groundwater samples are cesium ( 137 Cs), strontium ( 90 Sr), and tritium isotopes. The first two aquifers from the surface are subject to contamination: the Quaternary and the upper zone of the Lomonosov aquifer. Based on extensive material on the engineering and geological studies of the work area, a 3D geological model and hydrodynamic and geomigration models of the industrial zone were constructed. By means of modeling, the extent and nature of changes in hydrogeological conditions of area resulting from the construction and operational drainage of the new stage of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP-2) were determined. The “historical” halo of radioactive contamination of groundwater forming (1970-1990) at the site adjacent to the NPP, where the storage facility of low- and medium-level radioactive waste is located, falls into the zone of influence. Interpretation of monitoring data allowed obtaining the migration parameters for predictive estimates. Modeling has shown that during the time of the LNPP-2 operation there was no intake of contaminated water by the drainage system of the new power plant.
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Date submitted2020-11-16
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Date accepted2021-03-02
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Date published2021-04-26
Determination and verification of the calculated model parameters of salt rocks taking into account softening and plastic flow
The article suggests using a combination of the modified Burgers model and the Mohr – Coulomb model with the degradation of the adhesion coefficient and the increase in the friction coefficient to determine the parameters of salt rocks. A comparative analysis of long-term laboratory tests and field observations in underground mine workings with the results obtained using a calculated model with certain parameters is carried out. The parameters of the Mohr – Coulomb model with the degradation of the adhesion coefficient and the increase in the friction coefficient were obtained from the statistically processed data of laboratory tests, and the parameters of the modified Burgers model were determined. Using numerical methods, virtual (computer) axisymmetric triaxial tests, both instantaneous and long-term, were performed on the basis of the proposed model with selected parameters. A model problem is solved for comparing the behavior of the model with the data of observation stations in underground mine workings obtained from borehole rod extensometers and contour deformation marks. The analytically obtained coefficients of the nonlinear viscous element of the modified Burgers model for all the analyzed salt rocks did not need to be corrected based on the monitoring results. At the same time, optimization was required for the viscoelastic element coefficients for all the considered rocks. The analysis of the model studies showed a satisfactory convergence with the data on the observation stations. The comparative analysis carried out on the models based on laboratory tests and observations in the workings indicates the correct determination of the parameters for salt rocks and the verification of the model in general.
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Date submitted2019-05-26
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Date accepted2019-07-23
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Date published2019-10-23
Ensuring Stability of Undermining Inclined Drainage Holes During Intensive Development of Multiple Gas-Bearing Coal Layers
At high rates of production face advance, requirements towards reliable operation of undermining drainage holes get raised. The issue of maintaining high intensity of gaseous seams development under naturally increasing gas content, mining depth and capacity of production equipment poses a problem. The greatest threat comes from the loss of hole stability in the bearing pressure affected zone (in front of the face) and in the intensive shift area of overhanging rock corbels (behind the face). Intensification of air leaks due to deformation of borehole channel leads to impoverishment of removed methane-air mixture and an increasing risk to disturb safe aerogas regime in the mining area. The paper describes a mechanism of how coal-face operations affect the state of underground holes and formation of overhanging rock corbels. A typification of basic kinds of borehole deformations is presented. Authors point out critical disadvantages of the most widely-used technological schemes of gaseous seams development under high load on the production face, which hinder normal operation of a gas drainage system. As a result of research, a dependency of shot hole number, as well as the distance between shot hole axes and the borehole, on the stress state of the borehole outline has been defined more precisely. Basing on that, a formula to calculate drilling parameters of the discharge hole system has been suggested. Implementation of these measures will allow to increase the efficiency of underground gas drainage and to maintain growing intensity of gaseous coal seam development.
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Date submitted2018-05-14
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Date accepted2018-07-01
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Date published2018-10-24
Method for forecast of surface deformation during excavation operations in restraint urban conditions using the slurry trench technique
- Authors:
- P. A. Demenkov
- L. A. Goldobina
- O. V. Trushko
The article suggests the method for forecast of surface deformation during excavation operations in restraint urban conditions using the slurry trench technique based on FEM simulation. The results of numerical simulation of the construction of a semi-underground structure with slurry trench technique are given. The regularities of the change in the stress-strain state are determined depending on the trench parameters and the physical-mechanical properties of the soils. The work presents the troughs of surface subsidence during the construction of an excavation using the slurry trench technique, the diagrams of bending moments, transverse and longitudinal forces arising in the trench. Numerical experiments in Plaxis 2D and 3D were performed to estimate the discrepancy between modeling results in a plane and volumetric formulation of the problem.
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Date submitted2016-10-30
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Date accepted2017-01-02
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Date published2017-04-14
Result of combining data from impulse electrical prospecting and aeromagnetic prospecting for groundwater exploration in the south of Yakutia
In 2014 in the south of Yakutia in the course of groundwater exploration works a complex of geophysical methods was tested: aeromagnetic and electrical prospecting was carried out using near-field transient sounding and electromagnetic sounding with induced polarization. Prospective structures for hydrogeological drilling are zones of discontinuous tectonic faults. In order to identify them, data from aeromagnetic and electrical prospecting were used. Results of drilling confirmed the presence of watered areas; however, analysis of obtained information allowed to come to the conclusion that the amount of water in the faults has no direct connection to electrical conductivity.
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Date submitted2014-06-23
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Date accepted2014-09-15
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Date published2014-12-22
Topical issues of the management of extraction of underground waters on the territory of the Russian Federation
- Authors:
- N. V. Pashkevich
- E. I. Golovina
Water is a key component of our environment; it is a renewable, limited and vulnerable natural resource, which provides for the economic, social, and environmental well-being of the population. The modern system of taxation and regulation of subsoil use in the extraction of groundwater is currently imperfect and has definite disadvantages, among them not enough control of natural resources by the state, the commercialization stage of licensing, and the budget deficit, which is passed on to other areas of the national economy. General information about the state of the underground water supply in Russia, and the negative trends of underground water use are presented. The system of licensing underground water intakes in Germany is briefly described; some measures to improve the system of man-agement of Russia’s underground waters fund are suggested.
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Date submitted2013-07-07
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Date accepted2013-09-17
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Date published2014-03-17
Ways of improving waste disposal in the workings of salt mines
- Authors:
- O. V. Kovalev
- S. P. Mozer
Address the major aspects of waste disposal in underground space. Are key problems of isolation of wastes in underground salt deposits? Proposed waste disposal technology, based on the use of waste for immobilization of natural mineral salts.
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Date submitted2009-08-03
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Date accepted2009-10-30
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Date published2010-02-01
Geotechnical engineering features of the estimation of stability of heavy constructions of designed cement works in Novorossiysk
- Authors:
- Yu. V. Khaliullina
In the paper possibilities of constructing industrial heavy structures near slopes are described. The influence of tectonics, seismicity, a relief, deposit rocks thicknesses, their physical properties of geotechnical engineering feature are analyzed. The law of marls durability change is established. Positions of the most probable surfaces of sliding in cracked monoclonal deposit thickness are shown. The estimation of stability of the loaded slopes is made. Some recommendations for maintenance of structure stability are given.
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Date submitted2009-08-19
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Date accepted2009-10-02
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Date published2010-02-01
The estimation features of vulnerability and desintegration оf subway construction materials in Saint Petersburg
- Authors:
- P. V. Kotyukov
In this paper the features of subway construction materials degradation depending on engineering-geological, hydro-geological and geoecological conditions of Saint Petersburg underground space are considered. The basic types of subway construction placing and their destruction specificity depending on influence of water-bearing horizons hydrodynamic and hydro chemical conditions, natural and natural-technogenic gas bio-production and microbial activity are analyzed. The examples of the disintegrated materials and new growths (salt efflorescence, stalactites and others) chemical compound features depending on the content of ground waters basic components affecting on tunnels lining are resulted.
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Date submitted2009-07-08
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Date accepted2009-09-19
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Date published2010-04-22
Geomechanical and hydrogeological problems оf the Yakovlevsky deposit development
- Authors:
- V. L. Trushko
- A. G. Protosenya
- R. E. Dashko
The article deals with geomechanical and hydrogeological problems under the Yakovlevsky ore deposit development including variations in strength properties. The estimation of feasible underground water inrush inside the mining excavation is done. In situ results of ore strata deformation around excavation are discussed. Numerical modeling of stress and strain in the waterproofing ore pillar due to partially backfilling of excavation is carried out.
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Date submitted2008-11-21
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Date accepted2009-01-21
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Date published2009-12-11
Potential of russian Federal agency of state reserves in forming oil and oil products reserves system
- Authors:
- M. T. Kharisova
The article is dedicated to the problem of setting up strategic oil and oil products reserves which is necessary for ensuring national energy security. It is necessary to form a profound program of organizational, technical, technological, economic and financial measures aimed at implementation of this direction of state energy policy.
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Date submitted2008-10-08
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Date accepted2008-12-08
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Date published2009-12-11
Georadar investigations of shallow depth оf geological section and engineering constructions
- Authors:
- V. V. Glazunov
- N. N. Efimova
The GPR-method showing high resolution, great performance and sensitivity to minor variations in the composition and conditions of soils and material has assumed a role of the leading geophysical method for looking at the upper part of the geological section. This paper presents the advanced directions of GPR application for engineering problems solution.
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Date submitted2008-10-19
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Date accepted2008-12-21
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Date published2009-12-11
Modern problems in regional monitoring оf underground waters
- Authors:
- V. A. Kiryukhin
- L. P. Norova
The new situation with the carrying out of monitoring of underground waters on regional level was mainly caused by two reasons: 1) new regulations on the preservation of the environment were approved; the present water Regulations are being renewed; 2) studying of regime-forming factors of underground waters (geological, cosmic, climatic, biological, hydrological and technogenic) testify to the urgent necessity of introducing certain amendments into the system and maintainance of monitoring of underground waters.
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Date submitted1954-08-03
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Date accepted1954-10-15
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Date published1956-01-17
Гидрохимическая зональность артезианских бассейнов
- Authors:
- Unknown
Изучение артезианских бассейнов СССР за последние годы в связи с широко развернувшимся бурением глубоких скважин ознаменовалось крупными достижениями. Во многих артезианских бассейнах был вскрыт фундамент, подстилающий их осадочный комплекс. В бассейнах Европейской части Советского Союза и Восточной Сибири он представлен гранитами и гнейсами; в бассейнах Средней Азии, Казахстана, Западной Сибири — смятыми в складки палеозойскими отложениями различного возраста, генезиса, состава и разнообразными изверженными породами. Для многих бассейнов в разных точках установлена их глубина. Она нередко превышает 1—2, а в отдельных случаях и 3 км. Для большинства бассейнов Европейской части СССР накопилось достаточно данных для построения первых ориентировочных карт-схем изогипс поверхности фундамента. Подобные карты-схемы могут быть построены и для южной части Западной Сибири. Уточнены данные о возрасте пород, слагающих бассейны, их составе, мощности, фациях и др. Новые данные, полученные в результате изучения состава артезианских вод глубоких частей бассейнов, подтвердили и уточнили представления акад.В. И. Вернадского о широком распространении на глубине соленых вод и рассолов. Вместе с тем советскими учеными было разработано учение о гидродинамической и гидрохимической зональности артезианских бассейнов.
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Date submitted1954-08-08
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Date accepted1954-10-26
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Date published1956-01-17
Сравнительная оценка существующих формул при расчете дебита несовершенных скважин в условиях напорных вод
- Authors:
- Unknown
Сравнительная оценка существующих формул при расчете дебита несовершенных скважин, пройденных в напорном водоносном горизонте дается на основании анализа опытных данных, полученных при гидрогеологических исследованиях в одной долине, выполненной аллювиальными; отложениями, к которым приурочен напорный водоносный горизонт. Аллювиальные отложения долины представлены в основном разнозернистыми песками, отчасти пылеватыми и глинистыми, с гравием, галькой и единичными валунами. Общая мощность аллювиальных образований, залегающих на третичных отложениях, 40—42 м. Верхняя часть аллювия сложена глинами и суглинками мощностью до 13 м, являющимися водоупорной кровлей. Напор достигает 12,79 м, считая от кровли водоносного горизонта. Уровень этого горизонта подвержен сезонным колебаниям. Минимальное положение уровня наблюдается осенью (0,21—0,95 м ниже поверхности земли), максимальное — весной, когда уровень воды поднимается на 0,35—0,83 м выше поверхности земли, вследствие чего некоторые скважины в этот период самоизливают
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Date submitted1954-08-01
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Date accepted1954-10-30
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Date published1956-01-17
Ускоренный метод расчета дебита несовершенных скважин в условиях напорных вод
- Authors:
- Unknown
Для определения дебита несовершенных скважин в условиях напорных вод в гидрогеологической практике применяется ряд формул, предложенных П. П. Аргуновым, Г. Н. Каменским, И. Козени, М. Маскетом и др. Как известно, расчеты по этим формулам требуют сравнительно много времени и часто трудны для среднего технического персонала. Предлагаемый ускоренный метод значительно облегчает расчет дебита несовершенных скважин в условиях напорных вод и вполне доступен широкому кругу специалистов, занимающихся изучением напорных вод в целях водоснабжения. В основу ускоренного метода положена формула проф. П . П . Ар гунова
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Date submitted1954-07-13
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Date accepted1954-09-26
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Date published1955-11-17
Подземные воды окрестностей г. Олекминска (ЯАССР)
- Authors:
- Unknown
В настоящей работе на основе физико-географических, мерзлотных условий и геолого-структурных особенностей впервые в литературе дается краткое описание гидрогеологии одного из районов южной части Якутского артезианского бассейна — окрестностей г. Олекминска. В работе использованы материалы тематической партии ВСЕГЕИ — ЯГУ, которой руководил автор в 1951 —1953 гг., и некоторые литературные данные по геологии и гидрогеологии Олекминского района ЯАССР. Район, рассматриваемый в настоящей работе, занимая небольшой по площади участок левобережья р. Лены в окрестностях г. Олекминска, расположен в южной части Якутского артезианского бассейна, открытого в 1939—1940 гг. коллективом гидрогеологов и мерзлотоведов (проф. Н. И. Толстихиным, М. И. Сумгиным, доц. В. М. Максимовым, кандидат геолого-минерал. наук А. М. Ефимовым, П. И. Мельниковым и инж. И. Л. Янцевичем) при ближайшем и руководящем участии акад. В. А. Обручева. Город Олекминск является районным и культурным центром. Он связан с другими населенными пунктами Якутии грунтовыми дорогами, водным и воздушным путями. Река Лена служит главным водным путем, по которому производится транспортировка грузов и пассажиров от г. Олекминска вниз и вверх по течению реки. Этот старый водный путь продолжается далеко за пределы рассматриваемого района, связывая г. Олекминск с г. Якутском и с. Усть-Кут, от которого проходит шоссейная и железная дороги к с. Заярск (на Ангаре), связывающие район с Сибирской железнодорожной магистралью.
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Date submitted1951-08-10
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Date accepted1951-10-03
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Date published1952-11-20
The influence of the specific gravity of groundwater on the conditions of its equilibrium and movement
- Authors:
- E. E. Kerkis
The issue of the influence of the specific gravity of groundwater on the conditions of its occurrence and movement is rather poorly covered in the literature. When studying fresh and slightly mineralized waters, their specific gravity is usually taken to be equal to 1, neglecting its minor changes depending on temperature, pressure and concentration of dissolved substances. However, when studying waters of increased mineralization (approximately starting with a total mineralization of 5-10 g / l) and especially brines, the increased specific gravity of water so strongly modifies the hydrodynamic conditions and affects the water level in wells (data used to determine the direction and speed of movement of groundwater), that conventional methods of calculations and constructions lead to gross errors and even complete distortion of reality. It is known that the presence of water of increased specific gravity in boreholes (caused by high mineralization or the content of suspended particles) leads to a decrease in the water levels in them, and to calculate the level corresponding to fresh clean water ("reduced level"), the following are introduced simple corrections. However, these corrections are still insufficient for calculating the movement of groundwater, which requires a significant modification of the usual filtration equations. The most difficult issue is determining the conditions of equilibrium, as well as the direction and speed of movement of groundwater with their variable specific gravity, especially when the specific gravity changes in the vertical and horizontal directions, which is usually observed in nature.
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Date submitted1951-08-13
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Date accepted1951-10-27
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Date published1952-11-20
A few words about carbonated mineral waters in Crimea
- Authors:
- N. I. Tolstikhin
- S. V. Albov
In our report in January 1951 at a conference at the Central Institute of Balneology in Moscow and in an article published in the Notes of the Leningrad Mining Institute, the question was raised about the presence of carbonated mineral waters in Crimea and the need to study them to expand the resort and sanatorium base of Crimea. The work of 1951 completely confirmed the forecasts made. The presence of carbonated waters to the north of the city of Kerch, which we had noted based on the analysis of gas jets in 1950, was completely confirmed in the summer of 1951 by determining the free carbon dioxide in the water of some springs. Within the field of carbonated jets to the west of the city of Kerch, the content of free carbon dioxide in the springs of the Seit-Eli group was determined to be from 577 to 1180 mg/l. Samples for analysis were taken by S. V. Albov. The analysis was carried out by V. A. German in the laboratory of the Crimean Geological Department. Consequently, in addition to the carbonated spring of Kayaly-Sart, we can also talk about about the carbon dioxide springs of the Seit-Elin group.
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Date submitted1948-07-13
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Date accepted1948-09-14
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Date published1949-11-04
Some issues of uneven movement of groundwater in artesian strata
- Authors:
- V. I. Davidovich
Hydraulic engineering urgently requires the most complete and in-depth development of certain scientific and technical problems for the purpose of a correct quantitative and qualitative assessment of the movement of groundwater both in natural conditions and in conditions created as a result of an artificial change in the movement regime. Of these problems, the question of the movement of groundwater in artesian strata is of significant interest. Note that while the theory of the movement of underground gravity flows and its practical application have been developed in great detail and were set out with sufficient completeness by Academician N. N. Pavlovskii in his well-known work "Uneven Movement of Groundwater", movement in artesian strata has been studied extremely poorly and very little attention has been and is being paid to this issue. When designing hydraulic structures and reservoirs, when analyzing the regime of groundwater, as well as in many other cases, it is often necessary to give a technical assessment of the movement in artesian strata.