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Date submitted2023-07-07
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Date accepted2023-12-27
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Date published2024-12-25
A new insight into recording the mineral composition of carbonate reservoirs at well killing: experimental studies
Well killing operation remains an important technological stage before well workover or servicing, during which filtrate penetrates the bottomhole area of the formation. The impact of process fluids and their filtrate on rock has a significant influence on permeability and porosity of carbonate reservoirs, which decrease due to fines migration. There are few known scientific studies of the interaction of killing fluid filtrate with carbonate rock and fines migration. In our experiments, an aqueous phase was used which is the basis for well killing in pure form, for the preparation of blocking agents and is used in reservoir pressure maintenance system. Core samples taken from the pay of the reservoir were used to simulate the well killing process with generation of reservoir thermobaric conditions. Killing fluid filtrate was kept for seven days, which characterizes the average workover time at flowing wells in the fields of the Perm Territory. Using micro-X-ray tomography and scanning electron microscope, images were obtained before and after the experiment, which allowed confirming a decrease in total number of voids due to fines migration and, as a consequence, a decreasing permeability of samples. Measurement of pH and fines concentration in the aqueous phase was performed before and after the experiment and pointed to mineral reactions occurring as a result of rock dissolution. The results of experiments made it possible to record a decrease in permeability of carbonate samples by an average of 50 % due to clogging of void space and migration of fines (clayey and non-clayey).
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Date submitted2022-05-20
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Date accepted2023-06-20
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Date published2024-02-29
Increasing the quality of zeolite-bearing rocks from Eastern Transbaikalia by applying directed energy
This paper presents the use of accelerated electrons to treat zeolite-bearing rocks from Eastern Transbaikalia to increase the efficiency of separating zeolites from rock-forming minerals via electromagnetic separation. The effectiveness of the liberation of zeolite minerals using accelerated electrons was analyzed. The results of dry electromagnetic separation of zeolite-bearing rocks are presented. The dependence of the extraction of iron-bearing minerals from zeolite-bearing rocks by electromagnetic separation on the magnetic field intensity for different particle sizes has been established. The main methods of zeolite-bearing rock enrichment and ore preparation were determined. A technological scheme for processing zeolite-bearing rocks, based on the use of accelerated electron treatment at the ore preparation stage, is presented, significantly improving the zeolite production quality.
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Date submitted2023-04-29
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Date accepted2023-10-11
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Date published2023-10-27
Pink-violet diamonds from the Lomonosov mine: morphology, spectroscopy, nature of colour
The article presents the results of the first comprehensive study of mineralogical and spectroscopic (IR, PL, EPR) characteristics of diamonds from the Lomonosov mine (Arkhangelskaya pipe) with a unique pink, pink-violet colour. It is shown that all crystals belong to the IaA type, with a total nitrogen content in the range of 500-1500 ppm, with a low degree of aggregation. The colour is heterogeneous, concentrated in narrow twin layers. It is presumably caused by the previously described M2 centres. The colour shade is affected by the content of P1 paramagnetic centres (C-defect). A positive correlation is observed between the colour saturation and the intensity of W7 paramagnetic centres. A convergent model of the formation of pink diamonds is assumed, according to which the determining factors are the ratio and concentration of structural impurities in the diamond, its thermal history, and conditions of plastic deformation, and not the origin of the diamond and the petrochemical properties of its host rocks.
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Date submitted2023-04-14
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Date accepted2023-08-02
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Date published2023-08-28
A method of determining the errors of segmented GRID models of open-pit mines constructed with the results of unmanned aerial photogrammetric survey
The methodology of building a digital elevation model based on the results of aerial photogrammetric survey from an unmanned aircraft is proposed, which is based on the division of the initial point cloud into equal segments. This allows, having made an assumption of the linear character of change of height of points in a separate segment, to approximate them by separate planes. RMS errors of the models from the survey data were calculated according to the scattering of the points in relation to the approximating surfaces, which made it possible to reveal the dependence of the model construction error relative to the sizes of their constituent segments, as well as to propose a method for filtering the cells containing outliers with respect to the expected model error. The proposed method was tested on the models of three mining objects – limestone quarry, phosphogypsum dump, and peat cut. The experimental results showed a multiple reduction in model error compared to standard DEM models providing the required accuracy for mining documentation.
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Date submitted2023-03-02
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Date accepted2023-06-20
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Date published2023-07-19
Improving the efficiency of autonomous electrical complex with renewable energy sources by means of adaptive regulation of its operating modes
Renewable energy sources are gradually becoming useful in mining industry. They are actively used in remote, sparsely populated areas to power shift settlements, geological and meteorological stations, pipeline equipment, mobile cell towers, helicopter pads lighting, etc. In comparison with diesel generators, systems with renewable sources do not require fuel transportation, have short payback periods and flexible configuration for different categories of electrical loads. The main obstacles to their spread are instability of generation and high cost of produced electricity. One of the possible ways to solve these problems is to develop new technologies, increase power density of generators and energy storage systems. The other way represents energy saving and rational use of affordable resources. The new solutions for implementation of the second method are proposed in this work. The object of the study is autonomous DC electrical complex with photovoltaic and wind power sources. In such systems the generated power from renewable sources is transferred to consumers via intermediate DC bus, the voltage level of which affects the power losses in the process of power transmission. The vast majority of complexes have a problem that their DC bus voltage is constant, while the optimum voltage level with lowest losses varies depending on the generated and consumed power. Therefore, electrical complexes potentially lose a part of the transmitted energy. To avoid this, a special algorithm was added to automatically adjust DC bus voltage to optimum level according to changes in working conditions. An additional contribution to efficiency improvement can be made by dynamic change of operating frequency in power converters depending on their load. The evaluation based on results of computer simulation showed that in a complex with rated power 10 kW active power losses during its lifetime can be reduced by 2-5 %.
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Date submitted2020-06-29
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Date accepted2021-05-21
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Date published2021-09-20
Transformation of grains of technological raw materials in the process of obtaining fine powders
Crushing and grinding of materials are the most common processes of sample preparation for subsequent analysis and industrial application. Recently, grinding has become one of the most popular methods for producing nano-sized powders. This study investigates certain features of grain transformation in the process of grinding ores with finely dispersed valuable components in order to liberate them, as well as specifics of grinding metallurgical raw materials, metals and their mixtures for using them as initial components in metallurgical and other technological processes. We identified and examined structural and morphological changes of various powders after ultrafine grinding using the methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. It was proved that in order to take into account sample preparation artifacts during analytic studies of solid samples and development of technological processes, fine grinding of heterogeneous materials, especially if they contain metals, requires monitoring of the ground product by methods of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis.
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Date submitted2019-03-18
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Date accepted2019-04-26
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Date published2019-08-23
Spatial Models Developed Using Laser Scanning at Gas Condensate Fields in the Northern Construction-Climatic Zone
Wide exploration and industrial exploitation of hydrocarbon fields in Yamal Peninsula pose in front of construction and mining companies critical problems of efficient construction at constantly evolving fields taking into account climatic and geocryological conditions of their location. Yamal Peninsula is characterized by unstable soils, the mobility of which has a substantial impact on the changes in spatial arrangement of field facilities, not only in the direct process of construction, but also during their scale-up and equipment overhaul. The paper examines implementation of 3D spatial arrangement modelling of industrial facilities into the process of construction and installation works at hydrocarbon fields in the northern construction-climatic zone. The purpose of implementing this method combined with 3D spatial modelling of equipment connections lies in reliability and safety enhancement of the facilities throughout their entire lifespan. Authors analyze statement and solution of the problem associated with alignment and installation of prefabricated equipment and pipelines, taking into account advanced technologies of 3D design and modelling. The study examines a 3D spatial model with the elements of equipment connection geometry; the model is related to existing production facilities at the field. Authors perform an analysis and in mathematical terms formulate the problem of optimal spatial arrangement for such models. The paper focuses on typical deviations, occurring in the installation process of constructions and connection facilities, their spatial arrangement is modelled. Possible solutions are offered, as well as an algorithm of their implementation at an operating field.
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Date submitted2017-08-30
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Date accepted2017-11-23
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Date published2018-02-22
Basic provisions and problems of ELW technology for the manufacture of aluminum-magnesium alloys constructions
- Authors:
- E. I. Pryakhin
- N. I. Sharonov
Existing problems of electron beam welding of aluminum alloy constructions are considered. For research purposes, the aluminum-magnesium alloy of grade 1561 up to 60 mm thick was used. The thermal field in the heat influence zone is studied experimentally and analytically on the basis of the finite element method (the «Ansys» program). The effect of electron beam movement (scanning) influence on the quality of welded connections and the surface of the welded parts was studied. On the basis of metallographic studies and mechanical tests of welded metal, it is proved that high quality of welded joints is ensured when the beam moves along a curve of the «compressed brackets» shape. A special generator is designed to control the electron beam, which allows to implement a new type of scanning (compressed brackets). The fundamentals of welding technology for alloy 1561 up to 60 mm thick are outlined. Specific recommendations are given, and two new methods are proposed that will allow the successful use of the developed technology in factories in the production of new products and in the repair processes. Examples and analysis of thermal cycles obtained by calculation and experimental method are given. The patterns of heat distribution along the trajectory of the beam movement for different types of scanning are established. The main types of defects in the formation of the welded joints and those formed in the metal during crystallization are considered. Their interrelation with the parameters of the welding mode is shown.
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Date submitted2015-10-23
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Date accepted2015-12-19
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Date published2016-08-22
Nondestructive techniques to control the quality and quantity of oil flows
- Authors:
- R. M. Proskuryakov
- A. V. Kopteva
The article considers the issue of improving the efficiency of exploiting the acting oil fields and transportation system on the basis of modern hi-tech technologies to control the extracted and transported material. Factors are studied that lower the reliability of oil flow measurements, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the main ambiguities are described of using current systems for metrological account of oil transported through the pipelines. The effect is studied of inclusions in the transported oil flow on measurement efficiency. A technique is suggested for selective measurements of separate phases in the complex multi-phase flows with isotropic radio emission, the principal relationships are presented to describe the intensity of direct and scattered gamma-radiation on flow parameters. Criteria are given for developing a measurement system that would control the actual component composition of the flow with time, hence the amount of oil transported; that would enable organizing a centralized open department to control the quality of oil and transportation conditions, upgrade the level of production and provide high measurement accuracy. Results are presented of testing the technique on an operating oil field; the relative error margin of measuring free gas content was 0.2 %. The range is reviewed of possible applications for the measurement system of multi-phase multi-component flows, developed in the Saint Petersburg Mining University.
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Date submitted2015-10-24
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Date accepted2015-12-17
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Date published2016-08-22
Spatial distribution of energy release during propagation of fast electron beam in the air
- Authors:
- V. S. Sukhomlinov
- A. S. Mustafaev
The paper focuses on development of the analytical theory to assess spatial distribution of energy released during propagation of the fast electron beam in a gas, in particular in the air at electron energies of 1-100 keV. An approach adopted by authors [2, 3] to study inelastic deceleration of electrons in the air is further developed here. As the inelastic interaction in most cases leads to energy relaxation while elastic interaction causes distribution isotropization over directions, the first task solved in the paper is finding the electron distribution function including only elastic collisions. In the final part of this paper an analytical solution to this task is presented with account of both types of electron deceleration in the air. The calculations show that when elastic collisions are taken into account this leads to increased spatial density of energy release and to narrowing of the primary energy release region of the fast electrons, as compared to calculations accounting for only inelastic deceleration.
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Date submitted2015-10-19
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Date accepted2015-12-27
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Date published2016-08-22
Key directions in processing carbonaceous rocks
- Authors:
- T. N. Aleksandrova
Mathematical statistics techniques and the data from laboratory mineral and technological studies of samples were used to identify the most common natural and technological associations of microelements in carbonaceous rocks which could be of industrial value if extracted in the form of commercial products. The discovered structures of spheroidal and ring ferrocarbonaceous clusters are respective formations of the class of metal fullerens with expressed magnetic properties. Such clusters may serve as construction blocks for new magnetic structures since each of them is a separate magnetic domain. Extracting such structures and their practical use opens the way to future technologies. It is expected to employ such results in the future in the course of designing new techniques and technologies for benefication of carbonaceous raw materials while developing comprehensively solid mineral resources in the mining industry regions of Russia.
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Date submitted2015-08-12
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Date accepted2015-10-05
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Date published2016-04-22
Energy efficient electromechanical systems of mining andtransport machines
- Authors:
- A. E. Kozyaruk
The problems of selecting the type and the structure of mining and transport machines elec-tromechanical control system, providing energy efficiency and performance. The conclusion about the most admissibility of variable frequency drives with induction motors and power semiconduc-tor converters was made. The methods and technical means of improving the energy efficiency of asynchronous electric motors due to the choice of increased power characteristics motors, design of special motor control algorithms and applying of semiconductor converters with active rectifi-ers, providing high power factor and improving of the electricity supply quality were reviewed. To improve the operational characteristics prompted use of diagnostic systems and residual life as-sessment of electrical equipment. Implementation of designs tied to the excavator-transport sector. The schemes of the excavator power drive, mining truck and implemented complex picture at coal mine are shown.
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Date submitted2009-09-16
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Date accepted2009-11-17
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Date published2010-06-25
Information technology usage during linguistic competitions in technical higher school conducting
- Authors:
- E. V. Terentyeva
This article is devoted to the issue of IT technologies usage for teaching methods in humanities. The article is covering the experience of carrying out the linguistic creative contest among the students of the Mining Institute with the help of the soft «My test». Advantages and disadvantages of the mentioned programme for such kind of workshop are noted in the article. The conclusion for improving of teaching methods with the help of IT technologies is made.
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Date submitted2009-09-26
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Date accepted2009-11-21
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Date published2010-06-25
The measurements of emission parameters of tungsten thermo cathodes in plasma energetic equipments
Emission parameters and coefficients of reflection of heat electrons from tungsten thermo cathodes were investigated under nontraditional for emission electronic conditions, when the surface contacts with highly ionized plasma. For measurements plasma diode electron current-magnetic field strength relations were used. Parameter Dj, which characterizes cathode heterogeneity by work function, and coefficient of reflection for policrystallic tungsten and for face 110 tungsten single crystal were measured. Proportion entering in effective reflection coefficient of electrons, reflected immediately from the surface and from potential barrier of spots field was determinate.
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Date submitted2009-09-06
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Date accepted2009-11-10
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Date published2010-06-25
Diagnostic method for measurements of emission parameters of thermoemission cathodes
- Authors:
- A. S. Mustafaev
This article deals with the diagnostic method of emission parameters of thermo emission cathodes by the transverse magnetic field. The knudsen Cs-Ba-diode with the surface ionization are investigated.
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Date submitted2009-07-04
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Date accepted2009-09-12
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Date published2010-04-22
New technologies of conducting mine surveying works
- Authors:
- S. P. Smirnov
The paper presents principles for arrangement of mine surveying works. It is shown the role of new mine surveying and geodetic instruments and also new methods for application of these instruments in mineral mining.
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Date submitted2008-11-12
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Date accepted2009-01-14
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Date published2009-12-11
Electronic commerce and its influence on business
- Authors:
- N. I. Sattarova
- G. A. Prudinsky
Electronic commerce can give new possibilities to any firm in any industrial sector. It can lead to change of the existing markets: the new markets can appear, and old – to disappear. A key condition of successful introduction of electronic commerce is increase of professional qualities of employees.