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Date submitted2024-04-08
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Date accepted2024-06-13
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Date published2024-12-25
Analysing the problems of reproducing the mineral resource base of scarce strategic minerals
The results of studying the scarcity of strategic minerals in the Russian Federation are presented, domestic consumption of which is largely provided by forced imports and/or stored reserves. Relevance of the work is due to aggravation of the geopolitical situation and a growing necessity to meet the demand of national economy for raw materials from own sources. Analysis of the state of mineral resource base of scarce minerals in the Russian Federation was accomplished, problems were identified and prospects for its development were outlined taking into account the domestic demand for scarce minerals, their application areas and the main consumers. Reducing the deficit through the import of foreign raw materials and the development of foreign deposits does not ensure the reproduction of the domestic mineral resource base, independence of the country from imported raw materials as well as additional competitive advantages, economic stability and security. It was ascertained that a major factor holding back the development of the mineral resource base is insufficient implementation of new technological solutions for the use of low-quality ore. Improving the technologies in the industry is relevant for all types of scarce minerals to solve the problem of reproducing their resource base. Taking into account the prospects for the development of the resource base for the minerals under consideration (manganese, uranium, chromium, fluorspar, zirconium, titanium, graphite) requires a set of legal and economic measures aimed at increasing the investment attractiveness of geological exploration for subsoil users at their own expense without attracting public funding. The proposed measures, taking into account the analysis of positive experience of foreign countries, include the development of junior businesses with expansion of the “declarative” principle, the venture capital market, various tax incentives, preferential loans as well as conditions for the development of infrastructure in remote regions. The proposed solution to the problem of scarcity of strategic minerals will make it possible in future to present measures to eliminate the scarcity of certain types of strategic minerals taking into account their specificity.
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Date submitted2021-08-05
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Date accepted2021-11-30
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Date published2021-12-27
Morozkinskoye gold deposit (southern Yakutia): age and ore sources
The paper presents the results of the comprehensive isotope geochemical (Re-Os, Pb and δ 34 S) study of sulfide mineralization of the Morozkinskoye deposit. The ore zones of the deposit are localized in the syenite massif of Mount Rudnaya, which is located within the Central Aldan ore region (southern Yakutia). Gold mineralization is represented by vein-disseminated or vein type mineralization and is manifested in acidic low-temperature metasomatites – beresites (Qz-Ser-Ank-Py). For the first time we obtained an age estimate of the gold mineralization ~ 129 ± 3 Ma, which the synchronism of the hydrothermal ore process in the beresites, which formed the Morozkinskoye deposit, and magmatic crystallization of the syenites of Mount Rudnaya (~130 Ma). The osmium initial isotopic composition of the studied sulfides indicates a mixed mantle-crustal source of sulfide mineralization. New lead isotopic data of syenites indicate the predominance of mantle lead and an insignificant role of the lower – crust lead, while the isotopic composition of pyrite denotes the presence of the upper crustal material in the ore genesis. The sulfide δ 34 S values vary from –2.3 to +0.6 ‰ and indicate a predominantly magmatic source of sulfur in the ores.
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Date submitted2021-06-15
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Date accepted2021-08-27
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Date published2021-10-21
Prospects for the use of modern technological solutions in the flat-lying coal seams development, taking into account the danger of the formation of the places of its spontaneous combustion
- Authors:
- Vladimir P. Zubov
- Dmitrii D. Golubev
Spontaneous combustion of coal remains an important problem for coal mines, which can lead to an explosion of methane and coal dust. Accidents associated with spontaneous combustion of coal can cause significant economic losses to coal mining companies, as well as entail social damage – injuries and loss of life. Accidents are known at the Kuzbass mines, which occurred as a result of negligent attitude to the danger of spontaneous combustion of coal, the victims of which were dozens of people. The analysis of emergency situations associated with spontaneous combustion of coal shows that the existing wide range of means of preventing endogenous fires does not provide complete safety when working out coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, therefore, spontaneous combustion places continue to occur in mines. The consequences that may arise as a result of a methane explosion initiated by a self-ignition place indicate the need to improve the used technologies. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of modern technological solutions used in functioning mines during underground mining of flat-lying coal seams prone to spontaneous combustion, and to develop new solutions that reduce endogenous fire hazard. Conclusions on the influence of leaving coal pillars in the developed space, isolated air removal from the stoping face through the developed space, the length of the stoping face and the excavation pillar, and other factors on the danger of the formation of spontaneous combustion places are presented. Conclusions about the possibility of using modern technological solutions in future are also drawn.
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Date submitted2020-10-26
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Date accepted2021-07-28
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Date published2021-10-21
Investigation of the influence of the geodynamic position of coal-bearing dumps on their endogenous fire hazard
The paper investigates the hypothesis according to which one of the factors influencing the spontaneous combustion of coal-bearing dumps is its geodynamic position, i.e. its location in the geodynamically dangerous zone (GDZ) at the boundary of the Earth crust blocks. This hypothesis is put forward on the basis of scientific ideas about the block structure of the Earth crust and the available statistical data on the location of burning dumps and is studied using computer modeling. A dump located in the area of Eastern Donbass was chosen as the object of research. The simulation results show that the penetration of air into the dump body from the mine through the GDZ, which crosses the mining zone, is possible at an excess pressure of 1000 Pa created by the main ventilation fans. The fire source appearance in the dump body causes an increase in the temperature of the dump mass and becomes a kind of trigger that "turns on" the aerodynamic connection between the dump and the environment, carried out through the GDZ. It is concluded that the establishment of an aerodynamic connection between the mine workings and the dump through the GDZ can be an important factor contributing to the endogenous fire hazard of coal-bearing dumps. The simulation results can be used in the development of projects for monitoring coal-bearing dumps and measures to combat their spontaneous combustion.
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Date submitted2021-03-17
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Date accepted2021-04-12
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Date published2021-06-24
Application of the resonant energy separation effect at natural gas reduction points in order to improve the energy efficiency of the gas distribution system
- Authors:
- Andrei M. Schipachev
- Alena S. Dmitrieva
Maintaining the gas temperature and the formation of gas hydrates is one of the main problems in the operation of gas pipelines. Development and implementation of new effective methods for heating the gas during gas reduction will reduce the cost of gas transportation, solve the problem of resource and energy saving in the fuel industry. Study is aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of the natural gas reduction process by using a resonant gas heater to maintain the set temperature at the outlet of the gas distribution station (GDS) and prevent possible hydrate formation and icing of the station equipment. Paper considers the implementation of fireless heating of natural gas and fuel gas savings of heaters due to the introduction of a thermoacoustic reducer, operating on the basis of the Hartmann – Sprenger resonance effect, into the scheme of the reduction unit. By analyzing the existing methods of energy separation and numerical modeling, the effectiveness of the resonant-type energy separation device is substantiated. Modification of the reduction unit by introducing energy separating devices into it will allow general or partial heating of natural gas by its own pressure energy. Developed technology will allow partial (in the future, complete) replacement of heat energy generation at a gas distribution station by burning natural gas.
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Date submitted2020-05-16
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Date accepted2020-07-30
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Date published2020-12-29
Results of the study of kinetic parameters of spontaneous combustion of coal dust
The article is devoted to the study of the problem of spontaneous combustion of energy grades of coal not only during storage, but also during transportation. As the main samples for the study, the energy grades of SS and Zh coals were selected. The main task of the scientific research was to study the rate of cooling and heating of coal depending on their thermophysical parameters and environmental parameters. To solve this problem, the authors used both the author's installations designed to study the thermophysical parameters of the spontaneous combustion process (the Ya.S.Kiselev method), and the NETZSCH STA 449 F3 Jupiter synchronous thermal analysis device, the NETZSCH Proteus Termal Analysis software package. On the basis of a complex study of the spontaneous combustion process, the authors of the article obtained the kinetic characteristics of the spontaneous heating process (activation energy and pre-exponential multiplier). Nomograms of the permissible size of coal density of different types and shapes of accumulation depending on the ambient temperature are presented, practical recommendations for the prevention (avoidance) of spontaneous combustion of coal fuel are given.
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Date submitted2020-05-14
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Date accepted2020-10-05
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Date published2020-11-24
Fahlbands of the Keret archipelago, White Sea: the composition of rocks and minerals, ore mineralization
This paper presents a complex mineralogical and geochemical characteristic (based on SEM-EDS, ICP-MS analysis) of the fahlband rocks of the Kiv-Guba-Kartesh occurrence within the White Sea mobile belt (WSMB ). The term “fahlband” first appeared in the silver mines of Kongsberg in the 17th century. Now fahlbands are interlayers or lenses with sulfide impregnation, located in the host, usually metamorphic rock. The level of sulfide content in the rock exceed the typical accessory values, but at the same time be insufficient for massive ores . Fahlbands are weathered in a different way than the host rocks, so they are easily distinguished in outcrops due to their rusty-brown color. The studied rocks are amphibolites, differing from each other in garnet content and silicification degree. Ore mineralization is represented mainly by pyrrhotite and pyrite, and pyrrhotite grains are often replaced along the periphery by iron oxides and hydroxides, followed by pyrite overgrowth. At the same time, the rock contains practically unaltered pyrrhotite grains of irregular shape with fine exsolution structures composed of pentlandite, and individual pyrite grains with an increased Ni content (up to 5.4 wt.%). A relatively common mineral is chalcopyrite, which forms small grains, often trapped by pyrrhotite. We have also found single submicron sobolevskite and hedleyite grains. The REE composition of the fahlband rocks suggests that they are related to Archean metabasalts of the Seryakskaya and Loukhsko-Pisemskaya structures of the WSMB, rather than with metagabbroids and metaultrabasites common in the study area.
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Date submitted2018-08-30
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Date accepted2018-10-26
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Date published2019-02-22
Study of bearing units wear resistance of engines career dump trucks, working in fretting corrosion conditions
- Authors:
- Ju. Olt
- V. V. Maksarov
- V. A. Krasnyy
The occurrence of fretting corrosion on nominally fixed surfaces of high-loaded parts of mining machines and mechanisms is considered. Examples of wear and damage of critical parts, bearing assemblies of engines of dump trucks in fretting conditions are given. The mechanisms of fretting corrosion when using wear-resistant coatings are considered. It is noted that when choosing protective thin-layer coatings that provide an increase in the fretting-resistance of surfaces of tightly contacting parts, it is necessary to take into account both their wear resistance and the ability to resist shear. At the same time, the thickness of such coatings allows preserving, during operation, those provided during the assembly of the tension, without disturbing the maintainability of the nodes. The results of research of fretting wear of a number of coatings on a special installation are given. The mechanisms of wear of a number of thin-layer coatings based on friction-mechanical brazing, polymer fluorocarbon composition, solid lubricant coating using scanning electron microscopy were studied. Recommendations on the use of the studied thin-layer coatings for high-loaded parts of mining machines operating in fretting corrosion conditions have been developed. The aim of the work was to study the effect of a number of thin-layer coatings on the wear of highly loaded connections of the mechanisms of mining machines, in particular bearing assemblies of quarry dump trucks operating under fretting corrosion conditions.
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Date submitted2017-11-23
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Date accepted2018-01-19
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Date published2018-04-24
Theoretical aspects of the technical level estimation of electrical engineering complexes
- Authors:
- S. V. Kolesnichenko
- O. V. Afanaseva
The results of the analysis of methods allowing to evaluate the technical level of the electro technical complex (ETC) are presented and an original technique based on the application of the integral indicator is presented. The characteristic of each stage of the technique is given. The proposed scientific and methodological apparatus for assessing the technical level of the ETС is illustrated by the examples of the executive elements of the ETC comparison (internal combustion engines) using an integral quality index that links both the main characteristics of the samples and the means spent for achieving them. The proposed approach for assessing the technical level and quality of the ETC on the basis of an integral indicator should be carried out already at early stages of the life cycle when solving the following problems: the rationale for the economic feasibility of developing new or improving the quality of the produced ETCs; choice of the best option for the developed ETC; justification of requirements for the ETC; decision-making on the establishment and removal of ETC from production; substantiation of the rules of operation of the ETC in various conditions.
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Date submitted2017-09-10
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Date accepted2017-11-10
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Date published2018-02-22
Research of heat generation indicators of gas engines
- Authors:
- O. N. Didmanidze
- A. S. Afanasev
- R. T. Khakimov
A comprehensive strategy for reviving the production of mining industry equipment and ensuring its competitiveness includes the wide use of gas engines for various purposes. Experimental studies of the working cycle of a gas engine are one of the main tasks in determining the heat generation characteristics. To this end, indicator charts were recorded in various modes, which were subjected to analysis in order to determine the key parameters characterizing intra-cylinder processes. According to the experimental program, the maximum cycle pressure, the rate of pressure build-up, the heat generation characteristic, the first heat generation phase, the duration of the second combustion phase, and the effect of the ignition advance angle for the ignition period were determined. The results of an experimental study of the influence of gas engine working process with allowance for the change in the ignition advance angle for the ignition period are described and the parameters of the maximum cycle pressure, the rate of pressure build-up, and the heat generation characteristics are determined. In the processing of data, integral charts are constructed, the working cycle parameters are calculated, and the dynamics of the engine heat generation is determined.
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Date submitted2016-09-21
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Date accepted2016-11-04
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Date published2017-02-22
Combined 2D inversion of electrotomographic and audio-magnetotellurgic sounding data to solve mining problems
- Authors:
- V. A. Kulikov
- A. E. Kaminskii
- A. G. Yakovlev
Electrical methods of exploration are widely applied in prospecting and estimation of ore mineral resources. It is not always that geoelectrical models obtained in the course of interpretation of different types of electric and electromagnetic sounding are in line with each other. This leads to difficulties in geological interpretation of electrical exploration results. In single cases a geological model can be built that with great precision satisfies data from different electrical explorations, for instance, results of geometric and inductive electromagnetic soundings. For this purpose an algorithm of combined inversion of electrotomographic and audio-megnetotellurgic sounding data has been developed and implemented by A.E.Kaminskii in software ZondRes2D. Advantage of combined inversion has been shown for investigation of sections up till 400-500 m deep on synthetic models and actual field data.
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Date submitted2013-07-28
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Date accepted2013-09-08
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Date published2014-03-17
Endogenous fire hazard Kuzbass mines
- Authors:
- A. A. Sidorenko
The analysis of a current state of a problem of emergence of endogenous fires is made at working off of coal layers in mines. Influence of mining-and-geological conditions on efficiency and safety of working off of the layers inclined to selfignition is considered. Need of an integrated approach to a solution of the problem of endogenous fires is shown at working off of stocks in difficult mining-and-geological conditions.
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Date submitted2009-08-23
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Date accepted2009-10-17
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Date published2010-02-01
Reseach of cutoff grade influence on economic performances of mining
- Authors:
- M. D. Morozov
Research of cutoff grade influence on economic performances of mine as well as parameters and configuration of ore deposits with the help of the advanced geoinformation system were carried out. Computer modeling of an ore chute was made; the results of calculation were presented, involvement is given.
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Date submitted2009-07-24
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Date accepted2009-09-20
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Date published2010-04-22
Investigation of stress-strain state of floor of the dividing mass of deep-lying ore mines at Тalnakh
The paper contains the results and analysis of the formation of stress-strain state in blocky structure enclosing the dividing mass. The regularities were established on the influence of blocky structure undermining on stress state of the floor of dividing mass. Recommendations are given for the safe mining in the dividing rock mass.
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Date submitted2008-11-11
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Date accepted2009-01-08
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Date published2009-12-11
Development of an economic-organizing mechanism of mineral resourсe base renewal in Russia's oil industry
- Authors:
- N. V. Pashkevich
- L. A. Nikolaychuk
In paper there has been developed an economic-organizing mechanism of mineral resource base renewal of Russia's oil industry using financial and tax instruments and licensing system of soil use. The proposed mechanism is targeted on perfecting of soil use managing system, attracting investments into geological exploration branch, stimulating innovation constituent in exploration and extraction of oil, rational use of mineral resource base in oil industry.
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Date submitted2008-11-19
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Date accepted2009-01-23
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Date published2009-12-11
The legal and economic conditions of attraction investments to the exploration in Russia
- Authors:
- A. A. Fedchenko
- V. G. Beliakov
The problems of rational use of the huge mineral-resource potential of Russia are considered. The causes of insufficient exploration volumes in Russia are analyzed. It is proposed measures of the legal regulations in order to create junior geological companies in Russia and increase private investments to the exploration of deposits.
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Date submitted2008-11-02
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Date accepted2009-01-17
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Date published2009-12-11
Problems of development of the diamond complex on company «ALROS»
- Authors:
- V. M. Vasiltsova
- A. K. Belov
Diamond complex – one of the economy sectors, the kept potential of the expanded reproduction in the conditions of crisis. Russia, along with the republic of South Africa, Australia, Zaire, Botswana, Angola and Namibia is included into number of seven largest diamond-mining countries of the world and takes the second place in the world on volume of extraction of diamonds, being the world leader on stocks of diamond raw materials. Reserves of increase of efficiency at the separate enterprises and branch as a whole are revealed. Problems of strengthening of position of object of research on internal and a foreign market are defined.
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Date submitted2008-10-24
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Date accepted2008-12-01
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Date published2009-12-11
History and prospects for the development of the karelian isthmus facing stone mineral base
- Authors:
- A. Y. Tutakova
The prerequisites for the development of the deposits, the previous studies and the current state of Karelian Isthmus facing stone sources as well as their comparison with those of other regions of Northwestern Federal Districts of Russia are considered. The objects for top-priority geological prospecting are determined.
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Date submitted1952-07-08
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Date accepted1952-09-16
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Date published1953-01-01
On the classification of industrial pegmatites of Northern Karelia and the direction of exploration work on mica
- Authors:
- A. V. Skropyshev
Many researchers have attempted to classify the pegmatite formations of Northern Karelia, but all proposed schemes suffer from a one-sided approach to taking into account the existing geological factors and use only one or two guiding ones, ignoring the rest. Thus, some divide all the pegmatites of the region into mica-bearing and ceramic [1], others classify them by mineral composition [3], others only by shape, and others by shape and the nature of the distribution of mica in the veins. None of the proposed classifications take into account the geological and structural factors characterizing the conditions of formation of industrial pegmatites. For these reasons, the listed classifications of industrial pegmatites of Northern Karelia are almost never used in prospecting and exploration work, as well as in assessing these deposits. The most perfect classification of pegmatites of Northern Karelia should be considered the classification proposed by V.D. Nikitin and P.P. Borovikov, in the compilation of which the author's materials were used. Studies of pegmatites in Northern Karelia conducted in recent years have provided a significant amount of material for determining the conditions of formation of pegmatites and classifying them according to genetic characteristics.
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Date submitted1951-08-03
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Date accepted1951-10-04
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Date published1952-04-24
Field accuracy of geophysical observations
- Authors:
- E. M. Kvyatkovskii
He solution of various geological exploration problems by geophysical exploration methods is generally divided into two main operations: 1) the study of the physical field (magnetic, gravitational, etc.), against the background of normal values of which anomalous values, caused by the influence of various geological objects, are more or less clearly distinguished; 2) geological interpretation of the physical field, i.e. decoding (quantitative or qualitative) of anomalous values As a result of these measurements, sometimes quite complex, including in the overwhelming majority of cases elements of mathematical processing, and in some cases interpretation (seismograms, spectrograms), exploration geophysicists will receive for each point where the measurement was made, a certain value of the parameter of the physical field. Based on these values, graphs, contour maps, vector plans, hodographs, etc. can be constructed, which are the main and only material subject to interpretation in the geological sense of the word. However, before proceeding to the interpretation of the obtained graphs, maps, hodographs, etc., it is necessary to have a very clear idea of their reliability, or, in other words, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude of the error made during measurements, which characterizes the field accuracy of observations. Although the field accuracy of observations is not the only factor determining the accuracy of the geological interpretation of results, in a number of cases it plays a very significant role along with other factors (observation network, physical properties of rocks, etc.).
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Date submitted1951-08-12
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Date accepted1951-10-07
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Date published1952-11-20
On accelerated spectral quantitative determination of copper in pyrite ores
- Authors:
- V. V. Khokhlov
Thanks to the creation of high-quality domestic equipment for studying minerals and ores, spectral analysis methods are becoming increasingly important both in studying the material composition of deposits, host rocks, mineralization zones, etc., and in quantitatively assessing the content of ore components in them. Spectral analysis is of particular value in field conditions, increasing the efficiency of geological exploration and allowing a preliminary assessment of the objects under study. Experimental studies conducted by us on the material of studying copper pyrite ores allowed us to develop a method for rapid quantitative spectral determination of copper in field conditions without the use of complex additional equipment. Methods of quantitative spectral analysis are based on an unambiguous relationship between the intensity of the spectral lines of elements and the concentration of these elements in the substance under study. This relationship is established by comparing the spectra of samples and standards visually or with a microphotometer by measuring the blackening of the spectral lines.
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Date submitted1947-07-28
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Date accepted1947-09-25
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Date published1949-01-11
Geological features of phlogopite deposits as their exploration indicators
- Authors:
- P. K. Grigoriev
This article briefly describes the characteristic geological features of the phlogopite deposits of the Slyudyanskii and Aldanskii districts, which are of exceptional importance in the search for and development of industrial deposits of this raw material. Of particular interest in terms of exploration are the wallrock alterations in the host rocks, represented by unique metasomatic green diopside rocks, with which the phlogopite deposits are closely related genetically and territorially. Therefore, the example of phlogopite deposits clearly shows the most important role of wallrock alterations in the host rocks as a search feature. In this article, using the example of phlogopite deposits, the importance of the problem of studying various metasomatic wallrock alterations is emphasized. The article notes the most characteristic search features of phlogopite deposits. Leningrad, 1946.
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Date submitted1947-07-21
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Date accepted1947-09-29
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Date published1949-01-11
Comparison of the depth of exploration of ore bodies accessible by different electrical methods
- Authors:
- L. Ya. Nesterov
The question of the maximum depth at which electrical exploration can detect well-conducting ore bodies has attracted the attention of geophysicists since the very beginning of the development of geophysical methods. There are a number of statements about the depth of a number of electrical exploration methods using direct and low-frequency alternating current, sometimes supported by relevant data, and sometimes simply unfounded. However, comparing these data with each other and hence comparing the depth of different methods and choosing the deepest ones is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the conditions under which experimental data are obtained by different authors. This task is extremely important, since the direction of further scientific research in this area depends on its correct solution and even now, without developing new methods, the achievement of the maximum possible depths.