-
Date submitted2023-07-05
-
Date accepted2024-06-03
-
Date published2024-12-25
Complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks due to partial admixture of substandard ores
- Authors:
- Bayan R. Rakishev
The paper presents mining-technological substantiation of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by mixing a layer of substandard ores of certain sizes. The relevance of the work consists in the development of innovative methods of establishing the parameters of the substandard layer of ores to be added to the conditioned ores. The main problem is to ensure complete extraction of useful components into concentrate from shipped ore with acceptable deviations from the required ones. A new typification of complex-structured ore blocks of the bench has been carried out. Analytical dependences of mining and geological characteristics of complex-structured ore blocks were obtained. Theoretical dependences for determining the main indicators of mineral processing are derived. Analytical dependences for determination of the content of useful component in shipped ore α' – mixture of conditioned ore with the content of useful component α and admixed layer of substandard ore with the content of useful component α'' are offered. For the first time in mining science, a new approach of complete extraction of conditioned ores from complex-structured blocks of benches by grabbing a certain part of substandard ores during excavation, increasing the volume of extracted ore and expanding the extraction of useful components in the concentrate has been substantiated. The increment of useful components can reach 10-15 % of the total volume of extraction, which allows predicting a significant increase in the completeness of mineral extraction from the Earth's interior.
-
Date submitted2022-06-28
-
Date accepted2023-01-19
-
Date published2023-02-27
Influence of mining rent on the efficiency of using natural potential: the paradox of plenty and its Russian specifics
- Authors:
- Arunas A. Lapinskas
The most powerful potential of Russia's natural resources is only partially realized, and determining the reasons for the insufficient efficiency of its use is a current research topic. The exploitation of mineral resources that bring mining rent (primarily oil and gas) gives rise to the so-called “paradox of plenty” (PP), which in some cases manifests itself as a significant slowdown in economic development. The purpose of the article is to clarify the signs, degree and forms of PP manifestation and related problems (“resource curse”, “oil curse”, etc.) in the Russian economy. Since the causes of these phenomena are usually associated with rent extraction and peculiarities of the institutional structure of the economy, the works of leading economists who support the theories of “rent-oriented behavior” and the role of public institutions in the process of the PP emergence were critically analyzed. To determine the signs and degree of PP manifestation and related problems, an analysis of determining the shares of oil and gas in the structure of exports, revenues from their sale in the federal budget, and oil and gas products in the structure of GDP, was made. It is concluded that there are no sufficient grounds for ascertaining clear signs of a “rent-oriented” Russian economy and a “resource curse”; important counteracting factors that refute the unambiguous conclusions about the high degree of PP impact on the Russian economy were identified. The author's interpretation of the role of public institutions, the factors of formation and forms of PP manifestation, the specifics of differential mining rent and its role in the formation of PP are proposed; options for solving problems generated by PP – directions for improving the tax system in the field of oil and gas, etc.; substantiation of the need to develop a strategic state program for diversifying the sectoral structure of the Russian economy; directions for adjusting economic policy in the field of oil and gas industry development, etc.
-
Date submitted2022-05-13
-
Date accepted2022-09-24
-
Date published2022-11-03
Rapid detection of coal ash based on machine learning and X-ray fluorescence
Real-time testing of coal ash plays a vital role in the chemical, power generation, metallurgical, and coal separation sectors. The rapid online testing of coal ash using radiation measurement as the mainstream technology has problems such as strict coal sample requirements, poor radiation safety, low accuracy, and complicated equipment replacement. In this study, an intelligent detection technique based on feed-forward neural networks and improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO-FNN) is proposed to predict coal quality ash content in a fast, accurate, safe，and convenient manner. The data set was obtained by testing the elemental content of 198 coal samples with X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The types of input elements for machine learning (Si, Al, Fe, K, Ca, Mg, Ti, Zn, Na, P) were determined by combining the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data with the change in the physical phase of each element in the coal samples during combustion. The mean squared error and coefficient of determination were chosen as the performance measures for the model. The results show that the IPSO algorithm is useful in adjusting the optimal number of nodes in the hidden layer. The IPSO-FNN model has strong prediction ability and good accuracy in coal ash prediction. The effect of the input element content of the IPSO-FNN model on the ash content was investigated, and it was found that the potassium content was the most significant factor affecting the ash content. This study is essential for real-time online, accurate, and fast prediction of coal ash.
-
Date submitted2022-05-04
-
Date accepted2022-06-15
-
Date published2022-07-26
Prospecting models of primary diamond deposits of the north of the East European Platform
As a result of a comprehensive study of the geological structure and diamond presense of the northern part of the East European Platform, generalization of the data accumulated by various organizations in the USSR, the Russian Federation, and other states, three main prospecting models of primary diamond deposits have been identified and characterized: Karelian, Finnish, and Arkhangelsk. Geological, structural, mineralogical, and petrographic criteria of local prediction, as well as the features of the response of kimberlite and lamproite bodies in dispersion haloes and geophysical fields, are considered using known examples, including data on the developed M.V.Lomonosov and V.P.Grib mines. It is shown that the most complicated prospecting environments occur in the covered areas of the Russian Plate, where, in some cases, the primary diamond-bearing rocks are similar in their petrophysical properties to the host formations. The buried dispersion haloes of kimberlite minerals in the continental Carboniferous and Quaternary deposits are traced at a short distance from the sources. Differences in the prospecting features of magnesian (Lomonosov mine) and ferromagnesian (Grib mine) kimberlites are also shown. Conclusions about the diamond potential of the model objects of various types are given in this paper.
-
Date submitted2020-05-28
-
Date accepted2021-07-27
-
Date published2021-10-21
On the applicability of electromagnetic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing
The purpose of this work is to assess the possibilities of using electromagnetic monitoring to study the development of a fracture system generated by hydraulic fracturing (HF) with a specified position of the controlled source. The option with the source (a vertical electric dipole) located in the interval of the oil-bearing formation and ground-based measurements was chosen as the most promising monitoring plan. We have built a geoelectric model equivalent to the system of hydraulic fractures, divided into 11 zones corresponding to HF stages. For the selected model, mathematical simulation was performed by solving the direct problem considering the impact of the steel casing, the presence of which reduced the effect. Despite this fact, no strong distortion of electromagnetic field anomaly was observed above the HF zone. Analysis of the simulation results at different HF stages showed that as new hydraulic fractures appeared and were filled with electrically conductive proppant, the total effect increased. The data on electric field anomaly demonstrated maximum deviation from the background level of more than 2 %. Provided that the studied formation is characterized by sufficient electrical conductivity, its magnetic field also becomes informative.
-
Date submitted2016-10-30
-
Date accepted2017-01-02
-
Date published2017-04-14
Result of combining data from impulse electrical prospecting and aeromagnetic prospecting for groundwater exploration in the south of Yakutia
In 2014 in the south of Yakutia in the course of groundwater exploration works a complex of geophysical methods was tested: aeromagnetic and electrical prospecting was carried out using near-field transient sounding and electromagnetic sounding with induced polarization. Prospective structures for hydrogeological drilling are zones of discontinuous tectonic faults. In order to identify them, data from aeromagnetic and electrical prospecting were used. Results of drilling confirmed the presence of watered areas; however, analysis of obtained information allowed to come to the conclusion that the amount of water in the faults has no direct connection to electrical conductivity.
-
Date submitted2014-09-16
-
Date accepted2014-11-04
-
Date published2015-06-26
The possibility to predict the oil and gas price crisis in the world market on the basis of the correlation analysis
- Authors:
- V. A. Lebedev
- B. I. Spesivtsev
The article is devoted to the search for the formal signs of the onset of crisis phenomena in the global economy related to the financial and oil and gas markets. To predict the crisis in the financial market and, as a consequence, the fuel market, the theory of «Jokers and Channels» is used in this paper. In accordance with the theory, the market is divided into predictable and unpredictable periods. Methods of the correlation analysis are used to analyze time series of exchange rates and oil and gas prices. In this paper, the authors construct the time dependence of the annual Pearson correlation coefficients between the ranks of quotes of the world leading currencies over the period from 1999 to 2013. A strong correlation between oil prices and the dollar exchange rate leads to the suggestion of identifying the crisis phenomena in the oil market, and due to the strong link between oil and gas prices, in the liquefied gas market. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the «Joker» period is determined and the conventional period of crisis enters it with some delay. Thus, based on the research the authors can conclude that, in fact, the global crisis starts earlier than the generally accepted term and is determined by the Joker period.
-
Date submitted2009-10-12
-
Date accepted2009-12-26
-
Date published2010-09-22
Methods and techniques for control of rockburst-hazard in underground mining at ore mines of the Far-East district
An assessment is given to the present-day state of control of dynamic rock pressure manifestations in the rockburst-hazardous ore mines of the Far-East district. Consideration is given to the used methods and facilities for control of rock pressure and the ways for their improvement . Basic foundations of methodical approaches to the assessment of geomechanical state of rock mass by data of geoacoustic control are considered.
-
Date submitted2009-10-20
-
Date accepted2009-12-26
-
Date published2010-09-22
Change in presentations on mechanism of rock and tectonic bursts at ore mines at present time
- Authors:
- A. V. Lovchikov
It was shown that presentations on mechanism of rock and tectonic bursts developed for coal deposits, are not suitable for the conditions of ore deposits. Forms of manifestations of rock and tectonic bursts at ore deposits have been determined by experimental data including the artificial initiation of rock bursts in pillars.
-
Date submitted2009-10-26
-
Date accepted2009-12-27
-
Date published2010-09-22
Support of geodynamic safety in mining of the Khibini deposits
The paper deals with the problems of geodynamics in mining of the Khibini deposits. Description is given to the complex of organizational-technical arrangements for provision of geodynamic safety at the Apatit Co and to principal trends of its development.
-
Date submitted2009-10-30
-
Date accepted2009-12-30
-
Date published2010-09-22
Prediction of geodynamic processes in exploitation of the rockburst-dangerous North-Urals bauxite deposit
- Authors:
- D. V. Sidorov
- O. B. Shonin
The paper presents the results of a computer modeling technology applied in the «Sevuralboxitruda» enterprise. The aim of the technology is to forecast geodynamical processes during mining works in tectonic-stressed zones of ore deposits. The impact degree on structural components of room-and-pillar mining method caused by active tectonic faults is estimated.
-
Date submitted2009-10-01
-
Date accepted2009-12-02
-
Date published2010-09-22
Typization of coalbed-methane deposits оf the kuznetsk basin by promising methane output with using different technologies of gas recovery intensification of coal seams
Experts of «Gazprom promgaz» Co based on international experience of coalbed methane (CBM) mining have developed recommendations for expedient application of various methods of coalbed gas recovery intensification under different mining conditions. It will result in reduction of wells number and increase in methane extraction degree.
-
Date submitted2009-10-10
-
Date accepted2009-12-02
-
Date published2010-09-22
Deformational precursors of technogenic earthquakes in mining the hydrocarbon deposits
During monitoring since 2005 to 2008 at the Astrakhan gas-field it has been recorded three technogenic earthquakes. Results of geodetic levelling for the given period allow to approve that seismic event is preceded by raisings of a surface and its subsequent subsidence as a its result of unloading. That allows to use geodetic levelling for the forecast of technogenic seismic phenomena for oil and gas fields.
-
Date submitted2009-10-11
-
Date accepted2009-12-26
-
Date published2010-09-22
The analysis of factors, that cause processes of open hole wells’ destructions of Gatchina underground gas storage reservoir and prediction of sand effects
- Authors:
- D. V. Grishin
- A. V. Petukhov
- A. A. Petukhov
The peculiarities of elastic stresses in open hole wells’ of Gatchina gas storage reservoir are researched. It is revealed that in depression more than 1,5 MPa gas bearing rocks start to destroy. On the basis of studying of correlation relation between technological parameters of gas wells’ production and evacuation of sand the equations of plural regression are constructed. These equations are used to make prediction of sand evacuation at each producing gas well.
-
Date submitted2009-07-03
-
Date accepted2009-09-10
-
Date published2010-04-22
Methods for calculation of methane reserves in coal seams as independent mineral resource
Development of nonconventional resources of natural gas such as coalbed methane (CBM) demands new approaches to reserves’ calculation and economic estimation of coalbed methane fields. Experts of OS «Gazprom promgaz» have developed the method of CBM reserves calculation as independent mineral based on international and russian experience in CBM fields prospecting and production activity of CBM. The article is devoted to basic principles of new technique on an example of Taldinskoe CBM field reserves’ calculation.
-
Date submitted2009-07-28
-
Date accepted2009-09-14
-
Date published2010-04-22
The use of computer technologies аt the stages of prospecting, mining and conservation of mineral deposits
- Authors:
- K. V. Morozov
- S. V. Lukichev
The article described the methods for the use of specialized application of software on the stages of exploration, design, planning and maintenance of mining operations and also in abandonment or conservation of mineral resources deposits.
-
Date submitted2009-07-02
-
Date accepted2009-09-30
-
Date published2010-04-22
Improved light-weight support types in mine workings
- Authors:
- V. A. Smirnov
- A. E. Khlusov
- B. N. Samorodov
A wider introduction of the efficient light-weight support types into practice, as compared with heavy support, allows to reduce by several times the material capacitance and labour costs in maintenance of stability of mine workings. New types of supports and their parameters have been considered and their application was substantiated.
-
Date submitted2008-11-11
-
Date accepted2009-01-08
-
Date published2009-12-11
Development of an economic-organizing mechanism of mineral resourсe base renewal in Russia's oil industry
- Authors:
- N. V. Pashkevich
- L. A. Nikolaychuk
In paper there has been developed an economic-organizing mechanism of mineral resource base renewal of Russia's oil industry using financial and tax instruments and licensing system of soil use. The proposed mechanism is targeted on perfecting of soil use managing system, attracting investments into geological exploration branch, stimulating innovation constituent in exploration and extraction of oil, rational use of mineral resource base in oil industry.
-
Date submitted2008-11-02
-
Date accepted2009-01-17
-
Date published2009-12-11
Problems of development of the diamond complex on company «ALROS»
- Authors:
- V. M. Vasiltsova
- A. K. Belov
Diamond complex – one of the economy sectors, the kept potential of the expanded reproduction in the conditions of crisis. Russia, along with the republic of South Africa, Australia, Zaire, Botswana, Angola and Namibia is included into number of seven largest diamond-mining countries of the world and takes the second place in the world on volume of extraction of diamonds, being the world leader on stocks of diamond raw materials. Reserves of increase of efficiency at the separate enterprises and branch as a whole are revealed. Problems of strengthening of position of object of research on internal and a foreign market are defined.
-
Date submitted2008-10-24
-
Date accepted2008-12-01
-
Date published2009-12-11
History and prospects for the development of the karelian isthmus facing stone mineral base
- Authors:
- A. Y. Tutakova
The prerequisites for the development of the deposits, the previous studies and the current state of Karelian Isthmus facing stone sources as well as their comparison with those of other regions of Northwestern Federal Districts of Russia are considered. The objects for top-priority geological prospecting are determined.
-
Date submitted2008-10-21
-
Date accepted2008-12-10
-
Date published2009-12-11
Prediction and prospecting types of reflection of buried kimberlite fields in terrigenous diamond-bearing rocks
- Authors:
- V. N. Ustinov
On the basis of complex of lithologic-stratigraphic, mineralogical, facial-dynamic, paleogeomorphologic and morphogenetic features of post-kimberlitic terrigenous diamond-bearing rocks and reconstructed synchronous relief three prediction and prospecting types of reflection of buried kimberlite fields are distinguished. It is shown that ranging of diamondiferous territories to various types enables to direct exploration works to discovery of diamond deposits of the certain origin and makes possible to select proper prospecting technique. With the use of suggested criteria of research of promising territories the evaluation of diamond presence in the industrial regions of the Siberian, East-European and African-Arabian platforms is carried out.
-
Date submitted2008-10-29
-
Date accepted2008-12-06
-
Date published2009-12-11
Data collection and processing system of low-frequency electrical method with artificial source
- Authors:
- A. I. Geraskin
Review of the basic components of elaborating system is presented. The basic trends of application of these components and software products created on their basis are shown. The concept of a processing graph is entered and shown its dynamic features. Specific examples of the successful practical application of the system are considered.
-
Date submitted2008-10-01
-
Date accepted2008-12-15
-
Date published2009-12-11
Possibilities for localization of zones of hydrocarbon accumulation by application of АМТ-data component analysis
Principal component method was used for qualitative interpretation of a matrix of magnetotelluric parameters. Localization of hydrocarbon congregation was the purpose of the investigations. Model of subvertical diffusion of hydrocarbon from reservoir was used as physical basis of oil and gas prospecting. The hydrocarbon роо l generates continuous spatial halation of hydrocarbon above the reservoir. Due to reducing reactions in the area the volumetric pyritization of rocks took place.
-
Date submitted2008-10-14
-
Date accepted2008-12-21
-
Date published2009-12-11
Results of profile magnetotelluric researches at the Ozernoye ore cluster in Buryatiya Republic
Primary results of MT profiles surveys interpretation are presented. The investigations have been carried out in 2007. Ozernoye pyrite-polymetallic deposit is of special interest. Magnetotelluric and audiomagnetotelluric investigations have been carried along one profile, crossing all over the territory of Ozernoye ore cluster, and along some more detailed profiles inside already discovered deposits. As a result of the investigations some new data on relict structure, which is the host of Ozernoye pyrite-polymetallic deposit, are obtaned.
-
Date submitted2008-10-07
-
Date accepted2008-12-05
-
Date published2009-12-11
The application of areal technology and 3d data interpretation tem sounding when constructing the volume geoelectrical model of compound medium
Analysis of possibilities of different electrical technologies is carried out. Problems of applications of one-dimension and multidimensional inversions in the process of interpretation are discussed. Example of practical application of two- and three-dimension interpretation of electrical data in the process of ore prospecting in complicated geological media is presented. The example illustrates possibilities of electrical method as original research method, which enables to develop three-dimensional models of the medium under investigation.