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Date submitted2022-10-29
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Date accepted2023-10-25
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Date published2024-04-25
Assessment of rock massif sustainability in the area of the underground research laboratory (Nizhnekanskii Massif, Enisei site)
The study presents the results of the research on geodynamic and geological conditions of the Enisei site (Krasnoyarsk Krai), chosen for the construction of an underground research laboratory. The laboratory is being built at a depth of 500 m to assess the suitability of the rock mass for burying high-level radioactive waste. The rocks consist of weakly fractured gneisses, granites, and dikes of metadolerites. Field observations were conducted on bedrock outcrops. They included the determination of rock mass quality indicators, measurement of rock fracturing, and a rating classification of stability using N.Barton's method. GNSS observations were also made to monitor surface deformations. These data were used to develop a three-dimensional structural model, including lithology, fault disruptions, intrusive bodies, elastic-strength properties of rocks, and the sizes of zones influenced by faulting. It will serve as a basis for boundary conditions and the construction of three-dimensional variational models of stress-strain states, identifying zones of concentration of hazardous stresses, and planning in situ geomechanical experiments in underground mines of the laboratory. The obtained values of the modified QR index for the main types of rocks allowed their classification as stable and moderately stable, corresponding to strong and very strong rocks on Barton's scale and the massif rating according to geomechanical classification.
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Date submitted2022-01-24
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Date accepted2022-04-26
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Date published2023-04-25
Forecast of radionuclide migration in groundwater of the zone affected by construction drainage at the Leningrad NPP-2
The distribution of natural (at the level of global background) and technogenic radionuclides in groundwater of the industrial zone in Sosnovy Bor town, where several nuclear power facilities are operating, was analyzed. The main technogenic radionuclides recorded in groundwater samples are cesium ( 137 Cs), strontium ( 90 Sr), and tritium isotopes. The first two aquifers from the surface are subject to contamination: the Quaternary and the upper zone of the Lomonosov aquifer. Based on extensive material on the engineering and geological studies of the work area, a 3D geological model and hydrodynamic and geomigration models of the industrial zone were constructed. By means of modeling, the extent and nature of changes in hydrogeological conditions of area resulting from the construction and operational drainage of the new stage of the Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant (LNPP-2) were determined. The “historical” halo of radioactive contamination of groundwater forming (1970-1990) at the site adjacent to the NPP, where the storage facility of low- and medium-level radioactive waste is located, falls into the zone of influence. Interpretation of monitoring data allowed obtaining the migration parameters for predictive estimates. Modeling has shown that during the time of the LNPP-2 operation there was no intake of contaminated water by the drainage system of the new power plant.
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Date submitted2021-01-19
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Date accepted2021-07-27
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Date published2021-10-21
Geological and structural characteristics of deep-level rock mass of the Udachnaya pipe deposit
- Authors:
- Evgenii V. Serebryakov
- Andrei S. Gladkov
For hard rock massifs, structural disturbance is a key indicator of mining structure stability. The presence of intersecting structural elements in the massif reduces rock strength and leads to formation of potential collapse structures. In addition to that, disjunctive deformations that penetrate rock strata serve as channels for fluid migration and connect aquifers into a single system. It was established that the largest of them –faults of east-northeastern, northeastern and northwestern directions – form the kimberlite-bearing junction of the Udachnaya pipe. These faults represent zones of increased fracturing, brecciation and tectonic foliation, distinguished from adjacent areas by increased destruction of the rock mass. Specifics of tectonic fracture distribution within structural and lithological domains are determined by the presence of multidirectional prevailing systems of tectonic fracturing, as well as by differences in their quantitative characteristics. With some exceptions, the main systems form a diagonal network of fractures (northeastern – northwestern orientation), which is typical for larger structural forms – faults. Despite the differences in dip orientation of the systems, most of them correspond to identified directions, which is typical for both kimberlites and sedimentary strata. Overall disturbance of the massif, expressed in terms of elementary block volume, reaches its peak in the western ore body. For such type of deposits, friction properties of fracture structures have average values. Consideration of geological and structural data in the design and development of new levels of the deposit will allow to maintain the necessary balance between efficiency and safety of performed operations.
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Date submitted2021-03-16
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Date accepted2021-07-27
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Date published2021-10-21
Allocation of a deep-lying brine aquifer in the rocks of a chemogenic section based on the data of geophysical well logging and 2D seismic exploration
Advancement in the production of potassium fertilizers is an important strategic task of Russian agricultural industry. Given annually growing production rates, the reserves of discovered potassium-magnesium salt deposits are noticeably decreasing, which creates the need to ensure stable replenishment of the resource base through both the discovery of new deposits and the exploitation of deep-lying production horizons of the deposits that are already under development. In most cases, deposits of potassium-magnesium salts are developed by underground mining. The main problem for any salt deposit is water. Dry salt workings do not require any additional reinforcement and can easily withstand rock pressure, but with an inflow of water they begin to collapse intensively – hence, special attention is paid to mine waterproofing. Determination of spatial location, physical and mechanical properties of the aquifer and water-blocking stratum in the geological section represent an important stage in the exploration of a salt deposit. The results of these studies allow to validate an optimal system of deposit development that will minimize environmental and economic risks. On the territory of Russia, there is a deposit of potassium-magnesium salts with a unique geological structure – its production horizon lies at a considerable depth and is capped by a regional aquifer, which imposes significant limitations on the development process. To estimate parameters of the studied object, we analyzed the data from CDP seismic reflection survey and a suite of methods of radioactive and acoustic well logging, supplemented with high-frequency induction logging isoparametric sounding (VIKIZ) data. As a result of performed analysis, we identified location of the water-bearing stratum, estimated average thickness of the aquifers and possible water-blocking strata. Based on research results, we proposed methods for increasing operational reliability of the main shaft in the designed mine that will minimize the risks of water breakthrough into the mine shaft.
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Date submitted2019-03-31
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Date accepted2019-08-25
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Date published2020-02-25
Cascade frequency converters control features
The structures of systems with high-voltage cascade frequency converters containing multi-winding transformers and low-voltage low-power converters connected in series at each output phase of the load are considered. Low-voltage blocks contain three-phase diode or active rectifiers, DC capacitor filters, single-phase stand-alone voltage inverters and block disconnecting devices in partial modes (in case of failure when part of the blocks are disconnected). The possibilities of operation of cascade converters are determined, equations for correcting tasks to units in partial modes are given, tables of correction of tasks with estimates of achievable load characteristics are proposed. The results of experiments on the model of a powerful installation with a cascade frequency converter are presented, confirming the possibility of ensuring the symmetry of the load currents when disconnecting part of the blocks and the asymmetry of the circuit.
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Date submitted2019-05-07
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Date accepted2019-07-13
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Date published2019-10-23
Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Electromechanical Transmission of an Open-pit Dump Truck
- Authors:
- A. E. Kozyaruk
- A. M. Kamyshyan
The article analyzes the existing systems of electromechanical transmission of mining trucks BelAZ. The influence of the load nature created by the uncontrolled rectifier on the power factor and mass-dimensional indicators of the electromechanical transmission isassessed. Variants of modernization of the AC-electromechanical transmission system are proposed, which provide power factor correction. The influence of the proposed options on the overall dimensions of the electromechanical transmission is considered. Based on the assessment, a modernization option was chosen that provides the required power factor with minimal impact on the overall dimensions of the electromechanical transmission. The results of modeling the operation of the existing electromechanical transmission and the modernized electromechanical transmission system using the most promising modernization option are presented.
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Date submitted2018-10-27
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Date accepted2019-01-04
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Date published2019-04-23
Application of an active rectifier used to mitigate currents distortion in 6-10 kV distribution grids
The paper addresses issues of using the active rectifier in partially loaded variable frequency drive as active filter in the conditions of non-sinusoidal current and voltage disturbances caused by the presence of high-power non-linear load in the grid. The topology of transformless three-level converter for 6-10 kV suitable for proposed solution has been presented and its mathematical model has been de-rived. Based on the model, the direct power control algorithm with ability to compensate non-linear currents has been designed. The investigation of active rectifier efficiency was performed depending on the relation between linear and non-linear load currents of the grid node, as well as on active power load of the active rectifier. Efficiency analysis was based on the developed computer model of the grid node with connected non-linear load simultaneously with the variable frequency drive with active rectifier.
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Date submitted2016-08-30
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Date accepted2016-10-30
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Date published2017-02-22
Gas-dynamic processes affecting coal mine radon hazard
- Authors:
- V. I. Efimov
- A. B. Zhabin
- G. V. Stas
The paper focuses on vertical migration of radon in surrounding rocks described by Fick's first law as well as by the continuity equation for diffusion flow, with allowance for sorption and radioactive decay processes. Taking into account special characteristics of vertical radon diffusion, the process can be considered stable. It is demonstrated that for productive areas it is feasible to consider one-dimensional convective diffusion, as diffusive transport of radon by the air of productive areas occurs at steady-state conditions. Normally the factor of radon emissions prevails if atmospheric pressure is constant. Amount of air, calculated using this factor, by 20-30 % exceeds the one needed to dilute carbon dioxide to maximum allowed concentration (MAC).
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Date submitted2015-10-08
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Date accepted2015-12-11
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Date published2016-08-22
Rare metal granites in the structures of the Russian sector of Pacific ore belt
- Authors:
- V. I. Alekseev
Data are presented on the geology of areas of rare metal granites proliferation in the Russian sector of the Pacific Ore Belt that make one take a fresh look at the East Asian granitoid area to update its metallogeny. History is reviewed of studying rare metal granites of the Russian Far East. As a rule, these are found in the vicinity of major tungsten-stanniferous ore deposits, except much later than discovering the former, at the stages of their assessment and survey. Rare earth granites are usually missed by the geologists during the early stages of regional geological surveys due to their small size, weak eroding and external similarity with earlier granites. Using the examples of the Central Polousny, Badzhal and Kuyviveem-Pyrekakay regions the structural and geological conditions are characterized of localization of rare metal granites. Comparative analysis of geological situations made it possible to formulate the areal character of manifestation of rare metal granites; their confinedness to late Mesozoic orogenic arched uplifts of bogen structures above deep granitoid batholiths; positioning in the areas where longitudinal and transversal deep laying faults cross; gravitation to the environs of pre-Cambrian median masses.
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Date submitted2013-07-06
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Date accepted2013-09-18
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Date published2014-03-17
Comparative analysis of methods of waste disposal biological treatment of the fuel and energy complex
- Authors:
- A. E. Isakov
For the treatment of domestic and industrial waste water in Russia and abroad widespread biological treatment method. With his undoubted merits it has a significant drawback – the formation of a large amount of excess sludge. In the case of waste water containing high levels of heavy metals, its processing by traditional methods can be hazardous to the environment.
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Date submitted2010-07-26
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Date accepted2010-09-14
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Date published2011-03-21
Algorithm of control of the electric drive with ventilniy electric motor and the converter of frequency with the active rectifier
- Authors:
- A. P. Emelyanov
- A. O. Sviridenko
Advantages of application of the active rectifier as a part of converters of frequency for powerful drives with ventilniy electric motors are considered. The mathematical description of the processes proceeding in a power part of the active rectifier is given. The scheme of a drive with a vector control system with the gage of position of a rotor and the active rectifier is presented, schedules of power consumption and a current by a drive with the active rectifier are resulted.
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Date submitted2009-10-18
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Date accepted2009-12-05
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Date published2010-09-22
Assessment of the role of geodynamic factor in the accident rate of pipeline systems
- Authors:
- E. K. Melnikov
- A. N. Shabarov
The authors relate to the geodynamically active faults those faults with continuous up to present time low-amplitude movements which lead to the destructurization both of bedding rocks and of Quarternary deposits. The electrogeochemical processes proceeding in the zones of such faults, promote the metal corrosion that basically is the cause of increasing a few tens of times of specific accident rate at sites of active faults crossing with pipelines.
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Date submitted2009-10-21
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Date accepted2009-12-05
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Date published2010-09-22
Ecologycal and geodynamic safety and problems in industrial ecological monitoring at objects of an oil-gas complex
- Authors:
- A. I. Nikonov
- O. V. Luk"yanov
This article is focused on the influence of modern geodynamics on landscape and its structure. Modern geodynamical processes manifest in anomalous rock deforming in the fault zones. Their natural or technogenic activation causes the appearance of dangerous geological processes. It can be taken into account only by geodynamical monitoring on the objects of oil and gas industry.
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Date submitted2009-10-13
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Date accepted2009-12-14
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Date published2010-09-22
The evaluation of geodynamic consequences оf long-term exploration of lower cretaceous sediments at the Yamburg oil-gas condensate field with join of additional wells
Within the framework of the engineering design of the join up of additional wells of Lower Cretaceous sediments at the Yamburg oil-gas condensate field the evaluation of geodynamic consequences of long-term exploitation of the mentioned field was performed, as well as the hazardous geodynamic process permanent survey program was developed.
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Date submitted2009-10-20
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Date accepted2009-12-25
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Date published2010-09-22
Scientific-methodical foundation for geodynamic safety of oil and gas objects
- Authors:
- Yu. O. Kuzmin
It was shown on example of a number of deposits that space contemporaneity of emergency situations at wells and pipeline systems to fault zones finds its natural explanation within the concepts of existence of SD processes in such zones. In such situation it is essential to conduct very thoughtful system of diagnostics of crust fields with fluctuation deformation characteristics. For that purpose follow-up realization of three interconnected procedures must be conducted: detailed and measurement-assured monitoring (geodynamic test-area), complex several-variant interpretation of results of the monitoring and selection of different scenarios of possible negative contour, determination of the level of geodynamic risk, forecasting the environmental, social and economic consequences, and formulating strategies for preventive arrangements.
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Date submitted2009-10-12
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Date accepted2009-12-29
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Date published2010-09-22
Types and mechanisms of geodynamic hazard in mineral deposits mining and exploitation of buried and surface engineer constructions
- Authors:
- A. N. Shabarov
It is shown that major emergencies in mineral deposits mining and in exploitation of buried and surface engineer constructions are attributed to active faults. Classification of hazardous zones has been developed. The mechanisms of influence of geodynamic hazard in coal mines and pipeline exploitation were determined. The technology of reduction of geodynamic risk was suggested.
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Date submitted2009-08-17
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Date accepted2009-10-18
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Date published2010-02-01
Geotechnical engineering and hydrogeological specifics of estimate high-rise buildings construction and operation conditions (in terms of local zone on the right bank of Neva river)
- Authors:
- A. M. Zhukova
In the paper specificity of geotechnical engineering conditions in the local zone of the right river Neva bank are considered. The influence of underground topographies of Pre-Quaternary soils roof formed by paleovalleys on the specificity of engineering geological profile is analyzed. Influence of tectonic faults on physical and mechanical properties of Upper Kotlin clays (Upper Vendian) which it is planned to use as the basis for high-rise constructions is considered. Negative influence of Low Kotlin (Upper Vendian) pressure water-bearing horizon on clay properties in the construction foundation and structural materials is investigated.
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Date submitted2009-08-05
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Date accepted2009-10-07
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Date published2010-02-01
Electrical supply of power installations of oil extracting from independent power stations
- Authors:
- A. V. Turysheva
In article the imitating model of the closed system of an independent electrical supply with the energy carrier in the form of passing oil gas, with which help probably is presented: to establish parities of capacities of microturbine installation and погружного the electric motor for system work in a nominal mode; to eliminate the higher harmonious components of a current and pressure for maintenance with the electric power of the remote areas of the oil extracting satisfying with GOST 13109-97.
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Date submitted2009-07-27
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Date accepted2009-09-30
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Date published2010-04-22
Results of repeated geodetic observations аt the Мukhanovsk technogenic geodynamic polygon
Results of repeated leveling observations on the geodynamic range, organised on the Muhanovsky oil field (Samara region) are presented. It is shown that the most abnormal vertical displacement of a terrestrial surface (120 mm) are dated to fault to a zone located in the western part of the field and represent an essential danger to objects of the infrastructure of an oil field. Vertical displacement along the profile crossing Otradny town, located at oil field, are insignificant and it makes value of 2 to3 mm.
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Date submitted2008-10-15
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Date accepted2008-12-05
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Date published2009-12-11
Prospects of nickel industry in the Urals in the light of ore field structure study in supergene nickel deposits
Tectonic fractures of meridian spread, masked by block system of neotectonic breaks, play the leading role in structural control of nickel mineralization in supergene nickel deposits in the Urals. The deposits have long-term genesis and polygenic character. They are characterized by intensive tectonic and hydrothermal workup of Paleozoic substrate and block structure with small amplitude of vertical displacement. All of them have a two-floor structure, where upper supergene floor has a «background» of lower hydrothermal floor. This fact considerably increases the field of geological prospecting and searching of new oxide-silicate nickel deposits in the Uralian region.