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Geology
  • Date submitted
    2024-05-15
  • Date accepted
    2024-11-07
  • Date published
    2025-04-14

Metacarbonate rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Khapchan series (southeastern part of the Anabar Shield): mineral and chemical composition, metamorphic conditions

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The mineral composition of metacarbonate rocks (silicate marbles and carbonate-silicate rocks) of the Khapchan series (southeastern part of the Anabar Shield) was studied, and the PT (pressure and temperature)-parameters of their formation were established. Silicate marbles contain calcite, dolomite, forsterite, clinohumite, spinel, enstatite, diopside, pargasite, meionite, phlogopite, and feldspars. Carbonate-silicate rocks are composed of calcite, quartz, feldspars, diopside, grossular, marialite, and vesuvianite. Carbonate-silicate rocks are significantly enriched in SiO2, Al2O3, FeO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2 and contain less MgO, CaO than silicate marbles. A difference was revealed in PT-parameters determined for silicate marbles (temperatures 700-900 °C and pressure no more than 8 kbar) and for carbonate-silicate rocks (temperatures 680-820 °C, pressures 8-15 kbar). Silicate marbles have a primary sedimentary nature, as evidenced by their rare-element composition and the presence of fragments of host terrigenous rocks. There is no doubt about the primary sedimentary nature of carbonate-silicate rocks, which are very similar in REE distribution spectra and in rare-element composition to silicate marbles. A number of features indicate that metacarbonate rocks have undergone metasomatic alteration. Thus, in silicate marbles, reaction rims are observed around orthopyroxene, forsterite, potassium feldspar, as well as quartz veins bordered by accumulations of phlogopite, feldspars, and diopside. In carbonate-silicate rocks, the development of secondary marialite on potassium feldspar has been established; the rare-element composition of garnet may indicate its metasomatic origin.

How to cite: Akimova E.Y., Gusev N.I., Savelev A.D., Donchenko D.R. Metacarbonate rocks of the Paleoproterozoic Khapchan series (southeastern part of the Anabar Shield): mineral and chemical composition, metamorphic conditions // Journal of Mining Institute. 2025. p. EDN VKUFOP
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2023-07-31
  • Date accepted
    2024-11-07
  • Date published
    2025-02-25

Environmental assessment of biochar application for remediation of oil-contaminated soils under various economic uses

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Remediation is an important area of oil-contaminated soil restoration in Russia, since oil refining industry is the major one for Russia and neighbouring countries, and the issues of environmentally effective and economically profitable remediation of oil contamination have not yet been solved. Soils under various economic uses have different surface areas and degrees of soil particles envelopment with oil due to the presence or absence of cultivation, the amount of precipitation and plant litter. The introduction of various substances for remediation into oil-contaminated soils of steppes (arable land), forests, and semi-deserts, considering their differences, gives different results. Biochar is coal obtained by pyrolysis at high temperatures and in the absence of oxygen. The uniqueness of this coal lies in the combination of biostimulating and adsorbing properties. The purpose of the study is to conduct an environmental assessment of biochar application for remediation of oil-contaminated soils under various economic uses. The article compares the environmental assessments of biochar application in oil-contaminated soils with different particle size fraction. The following indicators of soil bioactivity were determined: enzymes, indicators of initial growth and development intensity of radish, microbiological indicators. We found that the most informative bioindicator correlating with residual oil content is the total bacteria count, and the most sensitive ones are the roots length (ordinary chernozem and brown forest soil) and the shoots length (brown semi-desert soil). The use of biochar on arable land and in forest soil (ordinary chernozem and brown forest soil) is less environmentally efficient than in semi-desert soil (brown semi-desert soil). The study results can serve to develop measures and managerial and technical solutions for remediation of oil-contaminated soils under various economic uses.

How to cite: Minnikova T.V., Kolesnikov S.I. Environmental assessment of biochar application for remediation of oil-contaminated soils under various economic uses // Journal of Mining Institute. 2025. Vol. 271 . p. 84-94. EDN UOQKTG
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2023-08-31
  • Date accepted
    2023-12-27
  • Date published
    2024-11-12

Geochemical studies of rocks of the Siberian igneous province and their role in the formation theory of unique platinum-copper-nickel deposits

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The Norilsk deposits, unique both in their geological structure and reserves of nickel and platinum, have attracted the attention of researchers for several decades. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain their formation. Two of them are the most widely accepted: the model of ore formation in an intermediate chamber from picritic melt enriched in sulphides and the formation of sulphides in situ through the assimilation of sulphate-bearing sediments by tholeiitic magma as it rises to the surface. The main questions regarding the genesis of these deposits are: the composition of the parental magmas that formed the ore-bearing massifs; the relationship between intrusions and effusive rocks; and the extent and role of assimilation of host rocks by magmas. These issues are discussed in the article using a large amount of analytical data obtained by the author during the study of the magmatic rocks and geological structures in the Norilsk area. Based on these data, it was concluded that none of the proposed models could fully explain all observed geological features of the deposits as well as the appearance of the unique sulphide ores. In order to solve the problem of the genesis of the Norilsk deposits, it is necessary to analyse the evolution of P3-T1 magmatism over time in the Siberian large igneous province, especially in its eastern part, and to determine its association with ore-forming processes; and its investigating it is a priority task for understanding sulphide ore formation. Solving this task should be based not only on geophysical data but also on studies of the geochemistry of igneous rocks within the province.

How to cite: Krivolutskaya N.А. Geochemical studies of rocks of the Siberian igneous province and their role in the formation theory of unique platinum-copper-nickel deposits // Journal of Mining Institute. 2024. Vol. 269 . p. 738-756. EDN ROAVGE
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2024-04-22
  • Date accepted
    2024-06-13
  • Date published
    2024-07-04

Comprehensive utilization of urban wastewater sludge with production of technogenic soil

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The article presents the analysis of the existing approach to wastewater sludge treatment and justifies the selection of the most promising management technology that allows maximum use of wastewater sludge resource po-tential. To obtain a useful product (biocompost) suitable for use as part of technogenic soil, experimental studies of aerobic stabilization of organic matter of dehydrated urban wastewater sludge with the addition of other waste by using passive composting technology were carried out. The technology is included in the list of best available technologies (BAT). The selection of the most optimal components for the mixture was based on the results of determining the C and N content, humidity and pH of the components used that ensured the composting of organic waste. The results of laboratory studies of the obtained biocompost according to the main agrochemical and sanitary-epidemiological indicators are presented. Testing was carried out according to the criterion of toxicity of the biocompost’s aqueous extract. The assessment of the technogenic soil was performed when using biocompost in its composition for compliance with existing hygienic requirements for soil quality in the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the vegetation experiment, optimal formulations of the technogenic soil were determined, i.e., the ratio of biocompost and sand, under which the most favorable conditions for plant growth are observed according to a combination of factors such as the number of germinated seeds, the maximum height of plants and the amount of biomass. The conducted research makes it possible to increase the proportion of recycled urban wastewater sludge in the future to obtain soils characterized by a high degree of nutrient availability for plants and potentially suitable for use in landscaping, the biological stage of reclamation of technogenically disturbed lands, as well as for growing herbaceous plants in open and protected soil.

How to cite: Bykova M.V., Malyukhin D.M., Nagornov D.O., Duka A.A. Comprehensive utilization of urban wastewater sludge with production of technogenic soil // Journal of Mining Institute. 2024. Vol. 267 . p. 453-465. EDN IAYJKS
Geology
  • Date submitted
    2023-02-28
  • Date accepted
    2024-03-05
  • Date published
    2024-04-25

Assessment of the contribution of Precambrian deposits in forming the petroleum potential of the eastern part of the Volga-Urals basin using results of modeling

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Consideration is given to results of geochemical analysis of organic matter and oils of the Proterozoic (the RF-V complex) and the Paleozoic (the pay intervals D2, D3, C1-2) of the eastern part of the Volga-Urals petroleum basin. The obtained data is corroborated by results of 2D basin modeling along four regional profiles two of which are situated in the Kama and two in the Belaya parts of the Kama-Belaya aulacogen. An update is given to earlier data on degree of catagenetic alteration of oil/gas source rocks of the Riphean-Vendian play, maps of catagenesis are constructed. New evidence is provided concerning presence of Precambrian oils in the Paleozoic plays. The oils under investigation are mixed – those formed from generation products of the Precambrian (Riphean, Vendian) and Paleozoic (Devonian and Early Carboniferous) source rock intervals. The results of modeling have shown that the principal source rock intervals in the RF-V play of the Kama part of the Kama-Belaya aulacogen are deposits of the Kaltasy formation of the Lower Riphean and the Vereshchagino formation of the Upper Vendian, while in the Belaya part these are rocks of the Kaltasy, Kabakov, Olkhovo, Priyutovo, Shikhan and Leuza formations of the Riphean and the Staropetrovo formation of the Vendian. It is found that the interval of the main oil and gas window increases in the southeastward direction. In both depressions of the Kama-Belaya aulacogen, a single oil play is distinguished that functions within the stratigraphic interval from the Riphean to the Lower Carboniferous. As the principal petroleum source rock intervals within this play, Riphean-Vendian deposits are considered, reservoirs are confined to the Riphean carbonate complex, Upper Vendian and Middle Devonian clastic deposits, while the Upper Devonian – Tournaisian deposits serve as the upper seal.

How to cite: Kozhanov D.D., Bolshakova M. Assessment of the contribution of Precambrian deposits in forming the petroleum potential of the eastern part of the Volga-Urals basin using results of modeling // Journal of Mining Institute. 2024. Vol. 266 . p. 199-217. EDN OCPXEH
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2022-04-08
  • Date accepted
    2023-03-02
  • Date published
    2023-04-25

Geochemical properties and transformation of the microelement composition of soils during the development of primary diamond deposits in Yakutia

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Extraction of diamonds from primary deposits in Siberia is associated with the development of kimberlite pipes in challenging environmental conditions, accompanied by a complex impact on the environment. The article presents the results of monitoring the soil cover of the Nakyn kimberlite field in the Yakutia diamond province, which is affected by the facilities of the Nyurba Mining and Processing Division. Development of primary diamond deposits has a large-scale impact on the subsoil, topography, and soil cover: creation of the world's largest quarries, formation of dumps more than 100 m high, arrangement of extensive tailings, formation of solid and liquid industrial wastes of various chemical composition. The research is aimed at studying the spatial and temporal patterns of the technogenic impact on the soil cover, identifying the nature and level of transformation of the microelement composition of soils based on the analysis of the intra-profile and lateral distribution of mobile forms of trace elements. The study targets in 2007-2018 were zonal types of permafrost soils of northern taiga landscapes, cryozems, occupying 84 % of the total study area, which are characterized by biogenic accumulation of mobile forms of Ni, Mn, and Cd in the upper AO, A cr horizons, and Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu in the suprapermafrost CR horizon. We found out that the contamination of the soil cover of the industrial site at the Nyurba Mining and Processing Division is of a multielement nature with local highly to very highly contaminated areas. Over a ten-year observation period, areas of stable soil contamination are formed, where the main pollutants are mobile forms of Mn, Zn, Ni. We suggest that against the background of a natural geochemical anomaly associated with trap and kimberlite magmatism, technogenic anomalies are formed in the surface horizons of soils. They are spatially linked to technogenically transformed landscapes. One of the sources of pollutants is the dispersion of the solid phase of dust emissions in the direction of the prevailing winds, which leads to the formation of soils with abnormally high contents of mobile forms of Mn, Zn, Ni.

How to cite: Legostaeva Y.B., Gololobova A.G., Popov V.F., Makarov V.S. Geochemical properties and transformation of the microelement composition of soils during the development of primary diamond deposits in Yakutia // Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 260 . p. 212-225. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2023.35
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2022-11-04
  • Date accepted
    2023-03-03
  • Date published
    2023-04-25

Efficiency of acid sulphate soils reclamation in coal mining areas

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During the development of coal deposits, acid mine waters flowing to the surface cause the formation of acid sulphate soils. We study the effectiveness of soil reclamation by agrochemical and geochemical methods at the site of acid mine water discharge in the Kizel Coal Basin, carried out in 2005 using alkaline waste from soda production and activated sludge. A technosol with a stable phytocenosis was detected on the reclaimed site, and soddy-podzolic soil buried under the technogenic soil layer with no vegetation on the non-reclaimed site. The buried soddy-podzolic soil retains a strong acid рН concentration Н 2 О = 3. A high content of organic matter (8-1.5 %) is caused by carbonaceous particles; the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 40 cm. Technosol has a slightly acid pH reaction H 2 O = 5.5, the content of organic matter due to the use of activated sludge is 19-65 %, the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 20-40 cm. The total iron content in the upper layers of the technosol did not change (190-200 g/kg), the excess over the background reaches 15 times. There is no contamination with heavy metals and trace elements, single elevated concentrations of Li, Se, B and V are found.

How to cite: Mitrakova N.V., Khayrulina E.A., Blinov S.M., Perevoshchikova A.A. Efficiency of acid sulphate soils reclamation in coal mining areas // Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 260 . p. 266-278. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2023.31
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2022-05-12
  • Date accepted
    2022-11-17
  • Date published
    2023-04-25

Microbiological remediation of oil-contaminated soils

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Microbiological remediation is a promising technology for the elimination of environmental contamination by oil and petroleum products, based on the use of the metabolic potential of microorganisms. The issue of environmental contamination by crude oil and its refined products is relevant in the Russian Federation since the oil industry is one of the leading sectors of the country. Mechanical and physico-chemical methods of treatment are widely used to clean oil-contaminated soils. However, the methods belonging to these groups have a number of significant drawbacks, which actualizes the development of new methods (mainly biological), since they are more environmentally friendly, cost-effective, less labor-intensive, and do not require the use of technical capacities. Various bio-based products based on strains and consortia of microorganisms have been developed that have proven effectiveness. They include certain genera of bacteria, microscopic fungi, and microalgae, substances or materials acting as sorbents of biological agents and designed to retain them in the soil and increase the efficiency of bioremediation, as well as some nutrients. Statistical data, the most effective methods, and technologies, as well as cases of using microorganisms to restore oil-contaminated soils in various climatic conditions are presented.

How to cite: Sozina I.D., Danilov A.S. Microbiological remediation of oil-contaminated soils // Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 260 . p. 297-312. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2023.8
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2022-04-15
  • Date accepted
    2022-11-17
  • Date published
    2023-04-25

Uranium in man-made carbonates on the territory of Ufa

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The paper presents the results of analyzing uranium content in man-made carbonates (scale crusts) on the territory of Ufa based on examination of 42 samples. The median uranium content in the investigated samples stands at 1.44 mg/kg, which is significantly lower than the background values (scales from the Lake Baikal water, a clarke of sedimentary carbonate rocks) and data on other settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Low values of uranium content are probably associated with the effects of the three leading factors, i.e. specific subsurface geology of the territory (gypsum, limestone); types of water supply; water treatment processes for the centralized type of water supply. Spatial distribution of uranium in man-made carbonates is characterized with uniformity, which is disturbed in two cases, i.e. a change of the water supply type (from centralized to individual); and material of the vessels used for boiling the water. No significant differences were detected when comparing samples of man-made carbonates associated with different sources of water supply (the bucket and infiltration types of water intake) and the types of household filters.

How to cite: Farkhutdinov I.M., Khayrullin R.R., Soktoev B.R., Zlobina A.N., Chesalova E.I., Farkhutdinov A.M., Tkachev A.V. Uranium in man-made carbonates on the territory of Ufa // Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 260 . p. 226-237. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2023.4
Geology
  • Date submitted
    2022-04-17
  • Date accepted
    2022-05-25
  • Date published
    2022-07-26

Geochemistry of beryl varieties: comparative analysis and visualization of analytical data by principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE)

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A study of the trace element composition of beryl varieties (469 SIMS analyses) was carried out. Red beryls are distinguished by a higher content of Ni, Sc, Mn, Fe, Ti, Cs, Rb, K, and B and lower content of Na and water. Pink beryls are characterized by a higher content of Cs, Rb, Na, Li, Cl, and water with lower content of Mg and Fe. Green beryls are defined by the increased content of Cr, V, Mg, Na, and water with reduced Cs. A feature of yellow beryls is the reduced content of Mg, Cs, Rb, K, Na, Li, and Cl. Beryls of various shades of blue and dark blue (aquamarines) are characterized by higher Fe content and lower Cs and Rb content. For white beryls, increased content of Na and Li has been established. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the CLR-transformed dataset showed that the first component separates green beryls from other varieties. The second component divides pink and red beryls. The stochastic neighborhood embedding method with t-distribution (t-SNE) with CLR-transformed data demonstrated the contrasting compositions of green beryls relative to other varieties. Red and pink beryls form the most compact clusters.

How to cite: Skublov S.G., Gavrilchik A.K., Berezin A.V. Geochemistry of beryl varieties: comparative analysis and visualization of analytical data by principal component analysis (PCA) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) // Journal of Mining Institute. 2022. Vol. 255 . p. 455-469. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.40
Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology
  • Date submitted
    2021-10-08
  • Date accepted
    2022-01-24
  • Date published
    2022-04-29

Methodology for thermal desorption treatment of local soil pollution by oil products at the facilities of the mineral resource industry

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The analysis of the main environmental consequences of leaks and local spills of petroleum products at the enterprises of the mineral resource complex is presented. It is established that the problem of soil contamination with petroleum products at the facilities of the mineral resource complex and enterprises of other industries is caused by significant volumes of consumption of the main types of oil products. Based on the results of the author's previous field research, a series of experiments was carried out, consisting in modeling artificial soil pollution with petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, highly refined oil, motor oil, and transmission oil, followed by their purification by heat treatment at temperatures of 150, 200, and 250 °C. The 250 °C limit of the heating temperature was set due to the need to partially preserve the structure and quality of the soil after heat treatment to preserve its fertility. When the processing temperature rises to 450 °C, all humates are completely burned out and, as a result, productivity is lost. Confirmation is provided by the results of experiments to determine the humus content in uncontaminated soil and soil treated at different temperatures. It was found that at a maximum processing temperature of 250 °C, about 50 % of the initial organic carbon content is preserved. According to the results of the conducted experimental studies, the dependences of the required processing temperature on the concentration of petroleum products to reduce the concentration of petroleum products to an acceptable level have been established. The methodology of thermal desorption cleaning of soils with varying degrees of contamination at enterprises of the mineral resource complex is presented.

How to cite: Pashkevich M.A., Bykova M.V. Methodology for thermal desorption treatment of local soil pollution by oil products at the facilities of the mineral resource industry // Journal of Mining Institute. 2022. Vol. 253 . p. 49-60. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2022.6
Geology
  • Date submitted
    2020-11-20
  • Date accepted
    2021-03-30
  • Date published
    2021-06-24

Petrochemical features of tholeiites from the Shaka ridge (South Atlantic)

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The article presents original data of chemical composition of tholeiitic basaltoids and andesites, dredged from the Shaka Ridge (South Atlantic) in the course of field research in spring 2016 on the scientific expedition vessel “Akademik Fedorov”. The analytical part of the work on estimating the contents of petrogenic, trace and rare-earth elements was carried out using the classical method (“wet chemistry”), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The studied samples demonstrate elevated concentrations of large-ion lithophile elements, or LILE, (Ba, Rb, Pb) and light rare earth elements, or LREE, (La, Ce, Nd, Sm) relative to high field strength elements, or HFSE, (Nb, Ta) and heavy rare earth elements, or HREE, (Dy, Yb, Lu). The specifics of trace element geochemistry suggest a significant contribution of crustal or subduction components to the magmas of the Shaka Ridge. Discrimination diagrams of basaltoids and allied rocks with fields of different geodynamic settings indicate that they were formed in the setting of the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB). The reason behind the appearance of subduction and crustal marks in the rocks is possibly associated with assimilation of crustal matter by magmas or lies in their inheritance from the mantle source.

How to cite: Rumyantseva N.А., Vanshteyn B.G., Skublov S.G. Petrochemical features of tholeiites from the Shaka ridge (South Atlantic) // Journal of Mining Institute. 2021. Vol. 248 . p. 223-231. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2021.2.6
Geoecology and occupational health and safety
  • Date submitted
    2020-10-13
  • Date accepted
    2021-03-02
  • Date published
    2021-04-26

Trace element accumulation by soils and plants in the North Caucasian geochemical province

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Long-term studies of the North Caucasian geochemical province allowed to establish regional abundances and calculate accumulation (dispersion) factors for chemical elements in rocks, soils, and plants. Certain natural regional patterns characterize the province. Associations of elements in high and low concentrations are often determined by the predominant composition of rocks: carbonate-terrigenous, terrigenous, and igneous. The study of the average contents of several chemical elements in the soils of the province showed that the association of accumulated elements includes metals with different migration characteristics. Thus, despite the rather close values of the ionic radii, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Li (judging by the ionic potential) are characterized by the formation of cations, while Mn, Mo, and Zr form complex ions. Such elements as Zn, Cu, and Pb are mainly accumulated on hydrosulfuric barriers, while Mo, Co, and Mn are stopped by oxygenous barriers. For Cu, Zn, Mo, and Co, biogenic accumulation plays a significant role, while for Pb and Ni it is practically absent. The absolute dispersion of the elements did not reach environmentally hazardous values, although it indicates a fairly intensive migration. In woody plants, Ba, Nb, Sc, Sr, and Zn are accumulated most intensively.

How to cite: Alekseenko V.A., Shvydkaya N.V., Bech J., Puzanov A.V., Nastavkin A.V. Trace element accumulation by soils and plants in the North Caucasian geochemical province // Journal of Mining Institute. 2021. Vol. 247 . p. 141-153. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2021.1.15
Geoecology and occupational health and safety
  • Date submitted
    2020-06-14
  • Date accepted
    2020-06-14
  • Date published
    2020-06-30

Geochemical approach in assessing the technogenic impact on soils

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The soil assessment was carried out in the technogenically-affected area of Irkutsk Oblast with the geochemical approach as a key geoecological method using physical and chemical techniques of analysis and ecodiagnostics. Diagnostic signs of the disturbed natural properties of the soil were revealed up to a depth of 40 cm in the profile based on macro- and micromorphometric parameters. The content of heavy metals (HM) – Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cu with an excess of standards was determined, and empirical HM – pH correlations were obtained by statistical clustering of the data array. The contributions of additional factors affecting the chemical element distribution in the soil layer were investigated. Significant soil contamination with sulfates and the possibility of implementing the ion-exchange of HM andfor element immobilization were revealed. It was shown that reactions with sulfates and the influence of pH, HM exchange processes involving mobile K and P can determine the nature of the described chemical element distribution in the multi-factor-contaminated technogenic soil. However, the effectiveness of such types of interaction is different for each metal and also depends on the quantitative ratio of substances and soil characteristics, even under a minor change in pH. Two-parameter correlations of HM distribution in sulfate-contaminated soils confirmed the different degrees of involvement of chemical elements in these types of interactions. The results obtained and the identified factors are of applied significance and can be used as the basis for geoecological differentiation of the contaminated soil, as well as for determining local geochemical fields in the technogenesis zone. Areas of advanced research are related to three-dimensional modeling for a more complete study of the cause-and-effect relationships of geochemical parameters.

How to cite: Sarapulova G.I. Geochemical approach in assessing the technogenic impact on soils // Journal of Mining Institute. 2020. Vol. 243 . p. 388-392. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2020.3.388
Geoecology and occupational health and safety
  • Date submitted
    2020-01-10
  • Date accepted
    2020-01-14
  • Date published
    2020-02-25

Biogeochemical assessment of soils and plants in industrial, residential and recreational areas of Saint Petersburg

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Soils and plants of Saint Petersburg are under the constant technogenic stress caused by human activity in industrial, residential, and recreational landscapes of the city. To assess the transformed landscapes of various functional zones, we studied utility, housing, and park districts with a total area of over 7,000 hectares in the southern part of the city during the summer seasons of 2016-2018. Throughout the fieldwork period, 796 individual pairs of soil and plant samples were collected.A complex of consequent laboratory studies performed in an accredited laboratory allowed the characterization of key biogeochemical patterns of urban regolith specimens and herbage samples of various grasses. Chemical analyses provided information on the concentrations of polluting metals in soils and plants of different land use zones.Data interpretation and calculation of element accumulation factors revealed areas with the most unfavorable environmental conditions. We believe that a high pollution level in southern city districts has led to a significant degree of physical, chemical, and biological degradation of the soil and vegetation cover. As of today, approximately 10 % of the Technosols in the study area have completely lost the ability to biological self-revitalization, which results in ecosystem malfunction and the urgent need for land remediation.

How to cite: Pashkevich M.A., Bech J., Matveeva V.A., Alekseenko A.V. Biogeochemical assessment of soils and plants in industrial, residential and recreational areas of Saint Petersburg // Journal of Mining Institute. 2020. Vol. 241 . p. 125-130. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2020.1.125
Geology
  • Date submitted
    2017-11-09
  • Date accepted
    2017-12-28
  • Date published
    2018-04-24

Chemical weathering of lower paleozoic black shales of south Sweden

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Lower Paleozoic black shales are widespread in Sweden and form part of the Baltic paleobasin, which deposits are also known in Estonia and the Leningrad Oblast of Russia. These rocks are enriched in a carbon substance and characterized by the significant content of uranium, vanadium, molybdenum, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, and lead. Black shales contain high levels of Sr – 968; Ba – 337; U – 229; V – 509; Mo – 165; Zn – 411; Ni – 214; Cu – 112 (ppm) in secondary minerals composition formed on their surface. Retrograde diagenetic conditions facilitate the black shales chemical weathering. Elements of the first (U), second (Mo, Sr, Zn), and third (V) hazard classes are washed out of black shales and secondary minerals and can further enter biological cycles.

How to cite: Voronin D.O., Panova E.G. Chemical weathering of lower paleozoic black shales of south Sweden // Journal of Mining Institute. 2018. Vol. 230 . p. 116-122. DOI: 10.25515/PMI.2018.2.116
Geology
  • Date submitted
    2017-09-02
  • Date accepted
    2017-11-22
  • Date published
    2018-02-22

Age and metamorphic conditions of the granulites from Capral-Jegessky synclinoria, Anabar shield

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The paper presents the results of the isotope, geochemical and thermobarometric study of plagio-crystalline schist containing in the Upper Anabar series of the Anabar Shield. Granulite complexes of the paleoplatforms are the most important issue in addressing the fundamental problem of the Earth's crust origin and its composition. The early stages of crust formation which correspond to the deeply metamorphosed rocks of the platform basements, available for study within the shields, are of particular interest. The study of the age and metamorphic conditions of granulites by the case of the Upper Ananbar series allows specifying the stages the Anabar Shield's ancient crust formation. Isotope-geochemical (U-Pb geochronology for zircon and Sm-Nd for garnet-amphibole-WR) and thermoba-rometric (Theriak-Domino) studies of plagio-crystalline schist allowed to identify two Paleoproterozoic metamorphism stages within the territory of the Anabar Shield with an age of about 1997 and 1919 million years. The peak conditions of granulite metamorphism are determined as 775±35 С and 7.5±0.7 kbar, the parameters of the regressive stage are 700  C and 7 kbar. The sequence of the rocks metamorphic transformations can be assumed: high-thermal metamorphism of the granulite facies (T ≤ 810  C) and subsequent sub-isobaric (about 7 kbar) cooling to 700  C with a water activity increase and formation of Grt-Amp paragenesis corresponding to the transition from the granulite to amphibolite facies. Data on the REE and other trace elements distribution in zircon and rock-forming minerals obtained by the ion microprobe analysis contribute significantly to the isotope-geochemical data interpretation.

How to cite: Sergeeva L.Y., Berezin A.V., Gusev N.I., Skublov S.G., Melnik A.E. Age and metamorphic conditions of the granulites from Capral-Jegessky synclinoria, Anabar shield // Journal of Mining Institute. 2018. Vol. 229 . p. 13-21. DOI: 10.25515/PMI.2018.1.13
Geoecology and occupational health and safety
  • Date submitted
    2015-12-28
  • Date accepted
    2016-02-08
  • Date published
    2016-12-23

Bulk density and aggregate stability assays in percolation columns

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The restoration technologies in areas degraded by extractive activities require the use of their own mine spoils. Reducing deficiencies in physical properties, organic matter, and nutrients with a contribution of treated sewage sludge is proposed. This experiment was based on a controlled study using columns. The work was done with two mine spoils, both very rich in calcium carbonate. Two sewage sludge doses were undertaken (30,000 and 90,000 kg/ha of sewage sludge) in addition to a different mine spoils used as restoration substrates. The water contribution was provided by a device that simulated short duration rain. The leached water was collected 24 hours after the last application. The experiment saw the bulk density decrease and the aggregate stability increase, thereby improving the structure. The improved soil structure decreases its vulnerability to degradation processes such as erosion and compaction.

How to cite: Khordan M.M., Bek D., Garsiya-Sanches E., Garsiya-Orenes F. Bulk density and aggregate stability assays in percolation columns // Journal of Mining Institute. 2016. Vol. 222 . p. 877-881. DOI: 10.18454/PMI.2016.6.877
Geomechanics, geodesy, mine surveying and cadastre
  • Date submitted
    2010-07-23
  • Date accepted
    2010-09-28
  • Date published
    2011-03-21

Sistaining mining in whole different rigidity

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Studies conducted in the mines «Rostovugol», showed that, for assessing the sustainability of preparatory excavations in the management of sewage treatment works is enough to determine the allowable values of convergence of the roof and ground-level workings and potential energy of elastic deformation of the pillars. These indicators can be used in the coal mines of other basins.

How to cite: Gorshkov L.K., Kokoev S.G. Sistaining mining in whole different rigidity // Journal of Mining Institute. 2011. Vol. 189 . p. 206-209.
Mining
  • Date submitted
    2009-08-13
  • Date accepted
    2009-10-17
  • Date published
    2010-02-01

Selection of optimal scheme of a reclamation of mining damp of the open-cast «Mejdyrechensky»

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The paper deal with the problem of finding the optimal way of land reclamation for opencast mining company «Mejdurechye», which nowadays is one of the leading companies in Russia in it area. Therefore the question of land reclamation is one of the major issues to adress for this organisation. During the reaserch samples of antropogenic massifs were taken and analyised, which helped to work out a complite plan of restoration. Besides the scheme, a brief review of disadvantages of the suggested plan is available as well as their removal. Special attention is paid to the necessity of biologikal reclaimation because of the low speed of flora recovery.

How to cite: Levchuk I.R. Selection of optimal scheme of a reclamation of mining damp of the open-cast «Mejdyrechensky» // Journal of Mining Institute. 2010. Vol. 186 . p. 61-63.
Problems in geomechanics of technologeneous rock mass
  • Date submitted
    2009-07-24
  • Date accepted
    2009-09-20
  • Date published
    2010-04-22

Investigation of stress-strain state of floor of the dividing mass of deep-lying ore mines at Тalnakh

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The paper contains the results and analysis of the formation of stress-strain state in blocky structure enclosing the dividing mass. The regularities were established on the influence of blocky structure undermining on stress state of the floor of dividing mass. Recommendations are given for the safe mining in the dividing rock mass.

How to cite: Zvezdkin V.A., Zuev B.Y., Klimkina V.M., Anokhin A.G., Darbinyan T.P. Investigation of stress-strain state of floor of the dividing mass of deep-lying ore mines at Тalnakh // Journal of Mining Institute. 2010. Vol. 185 . p. 81-84.