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Date submitted2003-06-06
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Date accepted2003-07-16
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Date published2004-09-09
State regulation of environmentally safe use of land resources at the present stage
- Authors:
- V. A. Pavlova
The necessity of purposeful intervention of the state in the sphere of ecological relations, especially in the field of ecological safety of land resources use is substantiated. In the course of research, the main tasks of state regulation of ecological safety are defined. Techniques and methods of influence of various mechanisms of the state regulation on managing subjects are considered. The greatest attention is given to the analysis of traditionally established methods of organizational and legal mechanism of regulation, as well as the possibilities of using these methods in modern conditions. The methods of economic and socio-economic mechanisms of state regulation of environmental safety are also considered.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-08
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Date published2004-09-09
From the experience of creating a high-altitude separation network in the construction of out-of-grade bridges
- Authors:
- E. S. Bogomolova
- O. N. Malkovskii
The issues of creating high-altitude networks to support the construction of large and out-of-grade bridges are considered. The main attention is paid to the transfer of marks through large water obstacles by methods of geometric and trigonometric leveling. Recommendations are given on methods of performing leveling on ice for rivers with stable ice cover, as well as for transferring marks on rivers in the absence of a stable ice cover. During transfer of marks the possibility of using modern electronic total stations is considered. Concrete examples of works on transfer of marks by leveling on ice (bridge crossing of the Kama river several kilometers long) are given, and also experience of creation of a height network during construction of the cable-stayed bridge through the Neva river in Saint Petersburg with the help of high precision levels and electronic total station is described.
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Date submitted2003-06-17
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Date accepted2003-07-13
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Date published2004-09-09
Surveying work on the construction of the cable-stayed bridge over the Neva River in St. Petersburg
- Authors:
- O. P. Sergeev
The Department of Engineering Geodesy of the University of Railway Transport carries out geodesic works on the construction of the cable-stayed bridge across the Neva river in St. Petersburg. Two steel pylons of 124 m height each will hold on the steel cables – cable stays –the span of 670 m length (322 m – the river span and two shore spans of 174 m). The geodetic demarcation network for the bridge construction, including 51 points, was created with the use of electronic total stations and the GPS satellite system. Electronic total stations from "Leica", "Sokkia", "Topcon" with an accuracy of angles measurements of 2-3" and distances (2 + 2·10 -6 S) mm allow with high accuracy to mount the blocks of the pylon and the superstructure. Deformations of pylons and span arising due to the influence of wind and uneven heating by the sun, high requirements to the accuracy of installation of cable fastening devices in the span and pylons required the development of original methods of geodetic works with the use of laser and high-precision devices.
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Date submitted2003-06-14
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Date accepted2003-07-14
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Date published2004-09-09
Experience of using the SDL30 electronic level during tests of the Trinity Bridge
- Authors:
- E. S. Bogomolova
- O. P. Sergeev
- V. V. Sukhanov
The experience of using SDL30 electronic level during tests of the Trinity Bridge in St. Petersburg conducted in May 2003 is described. The deflections of spans were determined by the results of high-precision geometric leveling. The characteristics of the level used and some test results are given. The use of electronic levels significantly reduced the time of leveling and perform a large amount of work by one team of surveyors. It is proposed to use the electronic level, which allows to speed up significantly the measurement process and get rid of the routine work of processing the results.
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Date submitted2003-06-16
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Date accepted2003-07-29
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Date published2004-09-09
Application of quantum effects to create measurement standards of physical quantities
- Authors:
- R.-B.B. Stanislavichyus
The successes achieved in the creation of measurement standards of physical quantities using Josephson and Hall quantum effects are investigated. Current trends in the creation of a mass standard related to fundamental physical constants are outlined. The way of transition from centralized metrological support of working measuring instruments to decentralized.
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Date submitted2003-06-09
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Date accepted2003-07-13
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Date published2004-09-09
Determination of latitude and azimuth without the aid of a chronometer by a star with unknown coordinates
- Authors:
- I. S. Pandul
A new original method of determining the astronomical azimuth of the direction without knowing the coordinates of the location, sidereal time, and equatorial coordinates of the star is proposed. The azimuth is determined by double measurements of the zenith distances of the same star, horizontal directions to it, and measurements with a stopwatch of the difference of hour angles. A theoretical justification of the method is given and the most favorable observational conditions are investigated. The technique of measurements, sequence of field stages of work is given. The schemes of the observation log and calculation sheets are given. The proposed method will allow wider implementation of astronomical azimuth determinations in the practice of topographic and applied geodetic works.
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Date submitted2003-06-26
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Date accepted2003-07-06
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Date published2004-09-09
Determination of internal orientation elements of digital images
- Authors:
- Yu. N. Kornilov
- T. V. Burkova
- Yu. Yu. Volkova
The methodology for determining the internal orientation elements of digital images for fixed values of camera lens installation is considered. Experimental studies with a 5-megapixel Olympus camera were performed, which confirm the validity of the proposed solutions.
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Date submitted2003-06-12
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Date accepted2003-07-21
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Date published2004-09-09
A study of the accuracy of distance measurement with the Leica DISTO Pro laser tape measure
- Authors:
- V. V. Petrov
- K. N. Shkavera
The work is devoted to the investigation of the accuracy characteristics of reflectorless laser rangefinders. The method of evaluation of accuracy of measured distances for different reflecting surfaces, based on the analysis of differences of measured distances at two reflector positions, fixed independently with increased accuracy, is presented. The measurement technique involved the use of reflective surfaces of two colors set at different angles to the laser beam. The proposed approach was applied to the laser tape measure "DISTO Pro" model of the Swiss company "Leica". For the conditions of real measurements simulated in the experiments, the numerical values of the errors of the examined tape measure were obtained. Based on the results of processing the data obtained, conclusions were made about the possibility of improving the accuracy of such linear measurements.
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Date submitted2003-06-13
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Date accepted2003-07-28
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Date published2004-09-09
A study of the distortion of images taken with digital cameras
- Authors:
- K. N. Shkavera
- Yu. N. Kornilov
- A. S. Kirillova
The images obtained with digital cameras (Olympus, Sony) were analyzed and SCANCORRET module of digital photogrammetric station PHOTOMOD was used to correct distortions.
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Date submitted2003-06-27
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Date accepted2003-07-14
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Date published2004-09-09
Determination of plumb line deviation components using space navigation system consumer equipment
- Authors:
- A. I. Yakovlev
A method of determining the components of the plumb line deviation (ξ, η) by comparing the results of geometric levelling with exceedances determined using the equipment of space navigation systems consumers is proposed. The possibility of defining components of plumb line deviation is theoretically substantiated. On a specific practical example, the values of ξ, η are determined with an accuracy of about 0.5-1.0".
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-18
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Date published2004-09-09
Geodetic breaking-down net for the bridge crossing of Kama river
The specifics of geodesic network creation for bridge transition across Kama River in the vicinity of Kazan are discussed. The construction of geodesic network consisting of regular shape figures was not possible due to the great length of the bridge transition, features characteristics of the locality and the position of control points, which were chosen for the commodity of construction. Linear-angular network gaunt along the axis of the transition was created. The network was based on the control points located on the short area. Due to these circumstances many additional measurements were done to achieve desirable precision of point positioning. The most reliable line of the net was determined using several variants of adjustment. This line was chosen as the initial for final calculations. The level lines were created in winter time on ice because the control points were separated by rivers. The created geodesic net was used during the following construction of piers of the bridges.
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Date submitted2003-06-08
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Date accepted2003-07-09
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Date published2004-09-09
Improvement of the system of taxation of settlement lands
- Authors:
- L. N. Smirnova
- V. A. Pavlova
The existing approaches to the taxation of settlement lands are considered. The drawbacks of the current mechanism of land taxation are described, and the advantages of using the results of cadastral valuation to determine land tax are analyzed.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-27
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Date published2004-09-09
Assessment of the current state of the land market of the Russian Federation in the urban cadaster system
- Authors:
- E. N. Bykova
The analysis of the state of land legislation and the land market, which at this period of time is quite unstable and requires significant changes in management, was carried out. While studying the structure of transactions and operations with land plots, the land market was structured into three segments, differing by the objects of purchase and sale and the motives of buyers and sellers. Also, the work highlighted the significant shortcomings of the land market and proposed a variant of its more effective functioning, and the conditions necessary for the preparation stage of the land market were developed.
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Date submitted2003-06-03
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Date accepted2003-07-16
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Date published2004-09-09
Socio-economic substantiation of the rational use of real estate in the historic center of St. Petersburg
- Authors:
- K. S. Shanina
The problem of rational use of real estate in the historical center of St. Petersburg is investigated. The disadvantages of the existing use are considered and the mechanism of improving the existing situation, based on the socio-economic justification of the provision of land plots to enterprises and organizations, is proposed.
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Date submitted2003-06-05
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Date accepted2003-07-28
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Date published2004-09-09
Use of GIS-technologies for zoning the territory of Frunzensky District of St. Petersburg
- Authors:
- V. A. Kiselev
- E. V. Semeoshenkova
The zoning of urban areas is the basis of the taxation system. The constant development of cities leads to changes in the factors reflecting the conditions of exploitation of territories. This causes the need to promptly change the existing zoning scheme. Reasonable and prompt changes are possible only on the basis of geographic information systems. During zoning, influencing factors are converted into graphical objects of GIS-project layers. In the GIS-project layers-factors are superimposed on each other, taking into account the sign of influence. As a result, zones are obtained that have similar total coefficients. If the boundaries of the obtained zones do not coincide with the boundaries of the existing zones, it is recommended to change the existing boundaries taking into account the new conditions. The proposed technology is tested on the example of zoning the territory of Frunzensky district of St. Petersburg. The above approach makes it possible to promptly adjust not only the zoning scheme, but also to reasonably change the taxation rates, which will lead to an increase in the efficiency of the use of the city territory.
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Date submitted2003-06-14
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Date accepted2003-07-30
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Date published2004-09-09
On the problem of environmental zoning of urban areas based on geographic information systems
- Authors:
- M. A. Nevskaya
- V. A. Kiselev
- E. I. Dompalm
In the new economic conditions, the problem of assessing the environmental condition of the territory of St. Petersburg is very urgent. The solution of this problem is associated with the need for collection and joint processing of different types of information. Collection, storage, processing and presentation of data can be performed most effectively with the help of geo-information systems (GIS). The geographic information system will form a GIS-project, which creates digital maps of the territory, reflecting the current state of the ecosystem on various factors. Processing of the collected information is proposed to carry out by means of geospatial analysis.
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Date submitted2003-06-23
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Date accepted2003-07-08
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Date published2004-09-09
Express assessment of functional depreciation of real estate objects
- Authors:
- V. G. Gorelikov
- L. K. Gorshkov
The mass valuation of real estate does not allow taking into account individual features of buildings that can have a significant impact on the value of the object. In this case certain difficulties arise in the calculation of functional depreciation. The method of operative definition of functional depreciation of real estate with the use of compilations of consolidated indicators of restoration value is suggested.
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Date submitted2003-06-13
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Date accepted2003-07-09
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Date published2004-09-09
Consideration of environmental and economic consequences of mechanized logging when compiling the land cadaster
- Authors:
- V. F. Kovyazin
The results of the study of forest biogeocenoses undergoing thinning are presented. Six main factors affecting the stand during thinning are identified. The methodology, formulas and examples of calculation of the ecological and economic consequences of thinning with regard to each factor are presented. Based on the results of the research, a scale for evaluating mechanized operations using the integral index of anthropogenic impact was developed.
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Date submitted2003-06-25
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Date accepted2003-07-23
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Date published2004-09-09
Green spaces in the St. Petersburg cadaster system
- Authors:
- I. I. Minkevich
- V. F. Kovyazin
- V. M. Shabnov
When compiling the cadaster of the city, two years of observations on the green spaces of St. Petersburg were carried out. The main attention of the authors was paid to the English oak (summer oak) as a species with a point habitat, but widely used in the park construction of the northern capital. Suburban parks, created in the 18th century by the Russian tsars, were chosen as objects of research. These are the Pavlovsk Museum-Reserve, Babolovsky and Separate Parks in Pushkin, and the Dubki Park in Sestroretsk. The history and technology of creation of plantations, groups and solitaries are established, growth dynamics and modern successions of oak by other species are shown. Proposed measures for the care of green spaces, which will be taken into account in the future maintenance of the inventory.
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Date submitted2003-06-27
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Date accepted2003-07-10
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Date published2004-09-09
Study of invariant properties of massif fracturing under conditions of homogeneous geological structure
- Authors:
- V. N. Gusev
- A. S. Zarukin
- A. N. Sheremet
The results of the analysis of the invariance of fracture parameter distributions are presented, the invariance of the structural features of the second derivatives of the corresponding distribution functions of azimuths, dip angles, and distances between fractures being chosen as the criterion. The invariance studies performed in combination with the fractal analysis allowed us to identify the main macrostructures in the sandstone and coal layers, which was the basis for optimizing the volume of field observations of the fracturing of the massif.
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Date submitted2003-06-18
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Date accepted2003-07-17
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Date published2004-09-09
Consideration of the effect of humidity on the volumetric density of coal in the calculation of its reserves
- Authors:
- R. A. Takranov
The evidence for the inverse relationship between volumetric density (apparent mass) and the natural moisture of coal in the massif is given. Natural moisture is proportional to porosity, which is inversely proportional to the bulk density. This pattern must be taken into account in the calculated method of determining the volumetric density of coal in the massif. When estimating humidity from samples, which is usually less than the humidity of the corresponding seam, the determined density of coal in the massif is higher than the density of coal in the sample. In this case, the correction for moisture has a "plus" sign, which is caused by another pattern associated with incomplete filling of the pore space with moisture in the sample, compared with the full water saturation of coal under natural conditions in the array.
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Date submitted2003-06-14
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Date accepted2003-07-16
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Date published2004-09-09
Principle scheme for obtaining displacements and deformations of layers of the undermined strata with an undetermined mineral extraction line
- Authors:
- V. N. Gusev
- V. N. Monakhov
- V. V. Guryanov
Outlined a method for obtaining shifts and deformations from observations of shifts of deep benchmarks for cases where the direction of the line of extraction of a useful component (methane from coal seams through wells) is not known in advance.
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Date submitted2003-06-13
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Date accepted2003-07-26
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Date published2004-09-09
Mining of thick deposits within the boundaries of safety pillars with compacted filling of the mined-out space
- Authors:
- Kh. I. Aglyukov
- A. E. Udalov
- S. N. Zelentsov
A cost-effective method of mining a thick sloping deposit using compacted rock filling instead of solidifying is proposed. Calculations by the finite element method showed the acceptability of the proposed technology for mining of protected objects on the earth's surface.
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Date submitted2003-06-24
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Date accepted2003-07-22
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Date published2004-09-09
Developments of VNIMI for mine surveying services of mining industries
- Authors:
- G. P. Zhukov
- E. V. Goncharov
A list of revised and newly developed surveying normative and methodical documents is given. The analysis of new editions of the Instructions for the production of surveying in the mining, oil and gas industry. A number of new mine-surveyor documents are proposed for development.
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Date submitted2003-06-19
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Date accepted2003-07-01
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Date published2004-09-09
Assessment of operational losses in open-pit mining during the restructuring of the Russian coal industry
- Authors:
- E. N. Labutin
- A. I. Limberg
- I. P. Ivanov
The issues of completeness of extraction of coal reserves from the subsurface in open-pit mining are considered. It is noted that compliance with legislation on subsurface resources and measures taken by surface mines to increase the level of extraction of reserves provided a standard level of extraction of coal reserves from the subsurface during the restructuring of the industry.