The article examines the impact of coal mining enterprises of Kuzbass on natural environ-ment components. The possibilities of improving the environmental situation in the region by increasing the volume and quality of reclamation work taking into account possible changes of the legal framework and the financial mechanism for their support are analyzed.
The article describes the current situation of the problem of financial provision for mine closure and reclamation in Russia, as well as conditions of the Russian legislation about this question. The characteristic of international experience in providing financial assurance for the liquidation and rehabilitation operations is presented. The basic used instruments of financial assurance are described. The problems concerned with the implementation of the financial assurance in Russia are determined, as well as the solutions of them are offered.
The main constituents of the environmental-economic mechanism for the oil-and-gas sector are specified. A concept of environmental strategy is developed for oil-and-gas companies, which is based on the Kyoto Protocol procedures. Possibilities to introduce economic and engineering methods in the oil-and-gas sector are determined in order to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emission in the framework of international conventions. Measures to combine environmental and economic effects in the oil-and-gas industry through introduction of mechanisms to reduce CO2 emissions are justified. Possible economic effects are assessed as resulting from introduction of principles and mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol.
Oil production levels under various options are forecasted, taking into account the current state of geological exploration and based on data from research institutes and the oil company. Economic indicators of reserves development and oil production are determined. The comparative economic characteristics of alternative variants of oil production forecast by such indicators as investment, net present value, state capitalized value, profitability index are calculated. The economic feasibility of oil reserves development according to fixed forecasts of oil reproduction and production and taking into account the modern structure of taxation has been determined.
The St. Petersburg State Mining Institute pays great attention to the issues of activation of students' research work, which is considered as one of the priority directions of continuous training of specialists. The article lists the main tasks and trends of students' research work in the institute for the last 5 years. The efficiency of the introduction of new forms of students' research work in the educational process is also studied.
The problems of the state of the mineral and raw materials complex of Russia are considered. Since 1992 the volumes of mineral raw materials extraction have not been replenished by the growth of explored reserves. The organizing and regulating role of the state is to create conditions for maintaining a balanced structure of the mineral resource base, to eliminate the gap between the volume of production and reserve growth, to attract investment in geological exploration. The measures of state support are considered: economic, legislative, regulatory and legal.
The main methods for assessing the environmental and economic impact of mining enterprises on the environment are considered. The classification of the currently existing methods is given. The disadvantages of the existing typical methods of assessment of environmental damage are analyzed and recommendations on the use of various methods as a combined method are given. An example of assessment of ecological and economic damage of the impact of the Krasny Bor toxic waste landfill is offered. A combined method was used in calculations, which made it possible to determine the annual environmental damage in the amount of 151 million rubles. Based on the calculations it is recommended to implement measures to reduce the impact of the landfill on the environment.
The legal peculiarity of the rotational method as a special form of work organization consists in the specific for labor legislation provision of conditions of labor and rest mode of employees. The rotational method is a non-traditional way of organizing production, and until now there is a discussion about the economic feasibility of such a specific labor regime, especially for the enterprises of the mining complex in Russia. The relevance of this topic is associated with the presence of conflicts in labor legislation on the issue of implementation of the norms of current legislation in the rotational method.
