The peculiarities of are considered in terms of mica-bearing pegmatites of the Karelian, Kola and Mama and Vitim mica-bearing provinces and chamber pegmatites of Central Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to the influence of physical and mechanical properties of enclosing rock on the shape and occurrence of pegmatite bodies and their association with post-folded faults.
On an example tin orebodies sites with various degree of concentration of useful components are considered. It is offered to consider ore columns and sites of the lowered concentration of metal within the limits of the uniform approach, allocating «concentration heterogeneity» on a basis meterpercent. Thus it is necessary to consider character of change of fault surface behaviour with depth depending on type of tectonic infringement.
The paper is dedicated to life and activities of Karl Ivanovich Bohdanowicz – the prominent Russian and Polish traveller, expert in geology of mineral resources, the graduate from the Saint-Petersburg Mining Institute in 1886. On the Instructions of the Russian Imperial Geographic Society he carried out geological investigations in Trans-Caspian region, in Siberia, at the Kamchatka peninsula, in Central Asia, in the Caucasus. In 1914-1917 Karl Ivanovich was the head of the Russian Geological Committee; in 1902-1919 he was the head of the Department of Physical Geology and Ore Deposits in the Saint-Petersburg Mining Institute. In 1918 he became the founder of the Geological Exploration Faculty at the Mining Institute and its first Dean. Since 1919 K.I.Bohdanowicz lived and worked in Poland at the Krakow Mining Academy; since 1930 he was the head of Geological Survey in this country. There he had died in1947. Inthe history of Russian, Polish and the world-wide geological science Karl Ivanovich Bohdanowicz keeps the most noteworthy position.
This paper presents a method for determining the boundary criterion for the rock deformation zone in the rock mass above a tunnel under construction when using two-layer calculation schemes in forecasts of earth surface deformations. The method is applied to the conditions of construction of tunnels of the St. Petersburg subway system.
The article considers the main directions of research in the analysis of the regularities of the location, properties and state of the main types of deposits of solid minerals in Russia. A summary of the available data on the main patterns of variability of both individual minerals and aggregates in the main types of endogenous ore deposits is made. Mineralogical features of large and unique deposits connected with granite magmatism are analyzed. It is concluded that their formation was determined by the long-term evolution of deep fluid systems serving as a means of mantle-core interaction and redistribution of matter in the Earth's crust. The principles of granite pegmatites analysis and methods of its carrying out are offered. The computational modeling of the processes of structure formation during magma solidification using the Monte Carlo method has been carried out. The possibilities of application of fractal analysis to solve the problems of ore geology are investigated. Possibilities of quantitative assessment of morphology of ore bodies are shown. Methods of studying and modeling of anomalous geochemical fields associated with mineral deposits are outlined. Tasks of geological exploration and prospecting works in connection with the further development of the coal industry are given.
The main stages of life, scientific and pedagogical activity of the outstanding geologist P.M.Tatarinov are considered.
On the material of the thoroughly studied Deputatskoye tin ore deposit (Yakutia) the research aimed at revealing the possibility of describing the structure of the deposit by a deterministic fractal model has been carried out. The essence of the study is the search for a function mapping a large structure to its part. The properties of such a mapping were checked by dividing the investigated area into M x N equal-sized elements (cells), and M and N were taken equal to 8,16,32,64,128. In each cell, the average tin reserves in metric percent were calculated and the similarity between the reference (8 x 8 cell) and the object as a whole was assessed, taking into account the possible rotation of small-sized structures relative to large ones. It was found that the maximum number of cells similar to the etalon is revealed when using the 64 x 64 network, and the 64 x 128 network identifies as "etalon-like" the most morphologically complex nodes that are most enriched in tin.
The theoretical model of vertical structural-morphological zonality is proposed, taking into account the peculiarities of its manifestation for each of the three selected morphological classes of veins. The existence of a regular relationship between the morphological parameters of veins at different levels of depth and their ore-bearing capacity at these levels was revealed.
The history of studying and teaching at the Mining Institute one of the basic disciplines - the doctrine of mineral deposits; the contribution of Russian scientists to the development of geological science is noted; the history of creation and development of the Department of Geology of Mineral Deposits is shown.
On the basis of studying the structure of tin ore veins the concept of "elementary fragment" (EF) of the vein is proposed.
In vein ore bodies, in particular tin ore bodies, the distribution of industrially valuable components is almost always characterized by a high degree of non-uniformity.
Many ore bodies of tin deposits of South-Eastern Primorye, characterized by insignificant depth of erosion cut, have a distinct vertical zonality, expressed in the replacement with depth of weakly tin-bearing essentially sulfide (polymetallic) mineral associations with low-sulfide cassiterite-bearing.
A distinctive feature of many vein tin ore fields is that with a significant total number of ore bodies, sometimes reaching several hundreds, the main reserves of deposits are concentrated in a limited number of the largest ore bodies, which we propose to call ore bodies "leaders" (OBL) ...
Tin ores of the Deputatskoye deposit (North-East Yakut ASSR) were formed during five stages: quartz-tourmaline, cassiterite-silicate-quartz, quartz-sulfide, quartz-carbonate-sulfide and carbonate. Cassiterite was isolated from solutions of all stages, but its main mass appeared in the second stage in close association with vein quartz, tourmaline, fluorite, chlorite and wolframite. Cassiterites of the second (main productive) stage were the subject of our study.
Ore bodies of the Deputatskoye deposit (north-east of the Yakut ASSR) are mineralized crushing zones of complex structure, less often - veins and zones of vein-embedded mineralization, cutting weakly dislocated shale-sandstone deposits of the Upper Jurassic. The ore bodies predominate in steeply dipping fractures and fracture zones of diagonal (northeastern and northwestern) and near-latitudinal direction.
Terrigenous sediments of Upper Jurassic age, represented by clay shales and sandstones, are developed within the Deputat ore field (North-East Yakut ASSR). The sedimentary strata forms a synclinal fold of near-latitudinal strike, with the ore bodies of the Deputatskoye ore field proper confined to its northern declivity. Shale-sandstone rocks are intruded by the Deputat intrusion of granitoid composition, one of the outcrops of which is located southwest of the deposit. In the central part of the deposit, the contact of the intrusive massif was penetrated by a borehole at a depth of 377.4 meters. Numerous dikes of diabase and diabase porphyrites, quartz porphyries and lamptrophyres are found in the deposit. Extension of the dikes is northeastern and latitudinal, less often northwestern, and the dip is steep to the north and south. The dikes of basic and acidic composition are pre-mining with respect to tin mineralization, while the position of lamprophyres remains unclear. During the formation of the Deputat intrusive, shales and sandstones underwent contact metamorphism. According to the degree of intensity of metamorphic processes, three zones are distinguished, each of which rings around the previous one: 1) zone of intensive oxidation, tourmalization, sericization, sometimes greisenization; 2) zone of oxidation, chloritization, sericization; 3) zone of weak oxidation and sericization ...
The conditions of prospecting and exploration of deposits, as rightly noted by V. I. Smirnov, are becoming more and more complicated every year, as most of the work is carried out in hard-to-reach areas and in an increasingly complex geological environment. In modern conditions, when the economic factor in the exploration of mineral deposits is given decisive importance, the problem of identifying such deposits and ore bodies, which contain the main industrial reserves of this type of mineral raw materials comes first...
