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Date submitted2023-07-27
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Date accepted2024-06-03
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Date published2024-12-25
Normalized impulse response testing in underground constructions monitoring
Impulse Response testing is a widespread geophysical technique of monolithic plate-like structures (foundation slabs, tunnel lining, and supports for vertical, inclined and horizontal mine shafts, retaining walls) contact state and grouting quality evaluation. Novel approach to data processing based on normalized response attributes analysis is presented. It is proposed to use the energy of the normalized signal calculated in the time domain and the normalized spectrum area and the average-weighted frequency calculated in the frequency domain as informative parameters of the signal. The proposed technique allows users a rapid and robust evaluation of underground structure’s grouting or contact state quality. The advantage of this approach is the possibility of using geophysical equipment designed for low strain impact testing of piles length and integrity to collect data. Experimental study has been carried out on the application of the technique in examining a tunnel lining physical model with a known position of the loose contact area. As examples of the application of the methodology, the results of the several monolitic structures of operating municipal and transport infrastructure underground structures survey are presented. The applicability of the technique for examining the grouting of the tunnel lining and the control of injection under the foundation slabs is confirmed. For data interpretation the modified three-sigma criteria and the joint analysis of the attribute’s behavior were successfully used. The features of the field work methodology, data collection and analysis are discussed in detail. Approaches to the techniques' development and its application in the framework of underground constructions monitoring are outlined. The issues arising during acoustic examination of reinforced concrete plate-like structures are outlined.
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Date submitted2020-05-19
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Date accepted2021-03-02
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Date published2021-04-26
Results of Comprehensive Geophysical Studies on the Search for Crypts on the Territory of Suburban Necropolis of Tauric Chersonese in the Karantinnaya Balka
The article presents the results of comprehensive studies carried out by the research team of Saint Petersburg Mining University in cooperation with the specialists from the State Museum-Preserve "Tauric Chersonese" in 2019. The purpose of the work was to discover and map antique and medieval crypts (ancient burial structures) on the territory of suburban necropolis of Tauric Chersonese in the Karantinnaya balka. The complex of geophysical methods included continuous ground penetrating radar sounding at two center frequencies of 350 and 500 MHz and contactless electrical tomography. To minimize spatial errors in the process of studies, topographic and geodetic works were carried out. For the first time wave electromagnetic effects were identified, which indicated the positions of hidden underground crypts. Geological factors were established that are favorable for cutting crypts in the layered thickness of Sarmatian limestones. The obtained results allowed to justify the feasibility of continuing geophysical works at the necropolis in order to study interior space of the discovered crypts and to determine the boundaries of archaeological heritage.
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Date submitted2021-02-05
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Date accepted2021-03-30
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Date published2021-04-26
Assessment of negative infrastructural externalities when determining the land value
- Authors:
- Elena N. Bykova
The work forms and substantiates the concept of land value, based on a new institutional theory. The infrastructural component of the cost of land in the presented concept determines, on the one hand, the efficiency of the use of natural resources, properties, demand for land on the market, on the other hand, the costs, which are determined not only by capital investments in construction of engineering infrastructure, but also by losses associated with restrictions on activities within zones with special conditions for territory use, creation of unfavorable conditions for economic activity, small contours, irregularities and others on a specific land plot, which are external negative infrastructural externalities that create losses of rights holders of land plots that are not compensated by the market, falling within the boundaries of these zones. Methods for assessing the impact of such negative infrastructural externalities on the cost of land encumbered by zones in different conditions of land market activity have been developed and tested, based on an expert-analytical approach (depressed market); the ratio of market values of land plots encumbered and unencumbered by a specific zone, and qualimetric modeling (inactive market); modeling by introducing into the model the factor of presence of zones with special conditions for territory use, based on the grouping of zones according to similar regulations for use, or by introducing the parameters of this factor (active market). Methods for taking into account spatial deficiencies and compensating for restrictions and prohibitions on activities on the territory of land plots with an individual market assessment are proposed.
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Date submitted2014-11-29
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Date accepted2015-01-09
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Date published2015-10-26
G.V.Bogomolov and his role in development of national hydrogeology
- Authors:
- D. L. Ustyugov
- L. P. Norova
In March 2015 the scientific community celebrated the 110th anniversary of the birth of one of the founders of the hydrogeological and engineering-geological school, an honouree of State Award of the USSR and the Byelorussian SSR, Academician Gerasim Vasilyevich Bogomolov. The article is devoted to several important stages of the development of Russian hydrogeology, which are primarily associated with the research conducted by G.V.Bogomolov. His role in the development of hydrogeology in Belarus, i.e. theory and practice of the use of groundwater, is emphasized. This article is about the man who was a brilliant geologist, scholar, lecturer and an outstanding research manager. G.V.Bogomolov founded a school of disciples and followers who continued to develop and put into practice the academician’s ideas in various branches of geological theory and practice.
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Date submitted2008-10-08
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Date accepted2008-12-08
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Date published2009-12-11
Georadar investigations of shallow depth оf geological section and engineering constructions
- Authors:
- V. V. Glazunov
- N. N. Efimova
The GPR-method showing high resolution, great performance and sensitivity to minor variations in the composition and conditions of soils and material has assumed a role of the leading geophysical method for looking at the upper part of the geological section. This paper presents the advanced directions of GPR application for engineering problems solution.
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Date submitted2008-10-15
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Date accepted2008-12-21
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Date published2009-12-11
Prediction of reservoir properties by the acoustic impedance volume
- Authors:
- A. V. Ekimenko
Acoustic impedance and reservoir properties relations are analyzed in this paper. The author researches these relations on three areas in Timano-Pechora oil and gas basin. These relations may be as direct as inverse. Type of these relations depends on wave pattern. If wave pattern is difficult, detailed analyses and modeling are necessary.
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Date submitted2008-10-14
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Date accepted2008-12-21
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Date published2009-12-11
Results of profile magnetotelluric researches at the Ozernoye ore cluster in Buryatiya Republic
Primary results of MT profiles surveys interpretation are presented. The investigations have been carried out in 2007. Ozernoye pyrite-polymetallic deposit is of special interest. Magnetotelluric and audiomagnetotelluric investigations have been carried along one profile, crossing all over the territory of Ozernoye ore cluster, and along some more detailed profiles inside already discovered deposits. As a result of the investigations some new data on relict structure, which is the host of Ozernoye pyrite-polymetallic deposit, are obtaned.
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Date submitted1954-08-26
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Date accepted1954-10-06
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Date published1956-01-17
О формировании свойств глинистых пород
- Authors:
- Unknown
Поведение горных пород при воздействии на них тех или иных сооружений определяется их геолого-петрографическими и физико-механическими свойствами. Эти свойства они приобретают в ходе естественно-исторических процессов образования и последующего изменения в недрах земной коры под влиянием различных факторов. Вопрос о формировании строительных свойств горных пород впервые был выдвинут основоположником советской инженерной геологии акад. Ф. П. Саваренским. Им же и при его участии были выполнены первые большие исследования в этом направлении. В последующей разработке этого вопроса приняли участие многие специалисты-геологи. Изучению особенностей формирования свойств глинистых пород посвящены труды Б. М. Гуменского, Н. Я. Денисова, Г. С. Золотарева, Н. В. Коломенского, Г. А. Мавлянова, В. А. Приклонского, И. В. Попова, П. Н. Панюкова, И. И. Трофимова и других советских ученых. Рассмотрение условий образования глинистых отложений показывает, что первым этапом формирования осадка является аккумуляция тонкодисперсного материала механическим или химическим путем. В зависимости от условий накопления этого материала образуются осадки различного состава, свойств и состояния.
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Date submitted1954-07-26
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Date accepted1954-09-20
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Date published1955-11-17
Подземная геофизика в горных выработках Урала с целью поисков сульфидных руд
- Authors:
- Unknown
Настоящая статья посвящается разработке вопросов, связанных с поисками электроразведочными методами сульфидных рудных тел, пропущенных и утраченных горными выработками в медных рудниках Урала. В ней дана методика поисков сульфидных рудных тел из горных выработок комплексом электроразведочных методов (теневой и метод измерения естественного электрического поля) и показана возможность использования их при наличии мешающего влияния подземного шахтного энергосилового хозяйства. Поисковые работы подтвердили успешность предложенной методики, хорошие эксплуатационные качества используемой аппаратуры, точность и полноту интерпретации материалов теневого метода. Кроме того, в настоящей работе рассмотрена возможность применения методов постоянного тока для целей поисков и разведки рудных тел из горных выработок.
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Date submitted1951-08-03
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Date accepted1951-10-04
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Date published1952-04-24
Field accuracy of geophysical observations
- Authors:
- E. M. Kvyatkovskii
He solution of various geological exploration problems by geophysical exploration methods is generally divided into two main operations: 1) the study of the physical field (magnetic, gravitational, etc.), against the background of normal values of which anomalous values, caused by the influence of various geological objects, are more or less clearly distinguished; 2) geological interpretation of the physical field, i.e. decoding (quantitative or qualitative) of anomalous values As a result of these measurements, sometimes quite complex, including in the overwhelming majority of cases elements of mathematical processing, and in some cases interpretation (seismograms, spectrograms), exploration geophysicists will receive for each point where the measurement was made, a certain value of the parameter of the physical field. Based on these values, graphs, contour maps, vector plans, hodographs, etc. can be constructed, which are the main and only material subject to interpretation in the geological sense of the word. However, before proceeding to the interpretation of the obtained graphs, maps, hodographs, etc., it is necessary to have a very clear idea of their reliability, or, in other words, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude of the error made during measurements, which characterizes the field accuracy of observations. Although the field accuracy of observations is not the only factor determining the accuracy of the geological interpretation of results, in a number of cases it plays a very significant role along with other factors (observation network, physical properties of rocks, etc.).
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Date submitted1950-08-01
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Date accepted1950-10-28
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Date published1951-08-08
About engineering geology and some questions from its history
- Authors:
- V. D. Lomtadze
The Central Committee of our party and Comrade Stalin personally have always paid and continue to pay great attention to the ideological training and education of personnel. This work is acquiring enormous importance now, when our country is going through a significant period of transition from socialism to communism. In accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on the journals "Zvezda" and "Leningrad", Soviet scientists were given the task of reviewing the development paths of individual branches of science, intensifying the fight against anti-scientific trends, the worship of foreign science and technology, and restoring the priority of Russian science. A sure means of combating the shortcomings of any work is criticism and self-criticism. "It is generally recognized," Comrade Stalin points out, "that no science can develop and succeed without a struggle of opinions, without freedom of criticism." This instruction from Comrade Stalin is of particular importance for engineering geology, the youngest of the geological disciplines, the history of whose development spans only two decades. Naturally, many provisions in engineering geology have not yet been sufficiently developed and formulated, and some are completely incorrect and erroneous. The present article is devoted to a critical examination of some of these provisions.
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Date submitted1950-08-26
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Date accepted1950-10-28
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Date published1951-08-08
Methodology for the production of film monoliths
- Authors:
- V. N. Novozhilov
The article presents a method for making film monoliths, which we used in 1950 when studying the soil and ground conditions of the stadium sites of the DSO "Medic", named after V. I. Lenin in Leningrad and the City Stadium in Vyborg. We based the proposed method on some experience in making film monoliths by Professor K. Orvik and personal results of selecting monoliths at the indicated sites. The value of film monoliths for geologists and engineering geologists involved in studying the soil and ground conditions of construction sites, stadiums, etc. is obvious. Film monoliths can be of no less importance in geological mapping of Quaternary deposits represented by sandy, clayey and sandy loam rocks. It is known that when documenting sedimentary rocks with a loose structure, there is a desire to "reinforce" the sketch and description of the outcrop with samples with the most characteristic textural and structural features of these rocks, while preserving the sequence of stratification and the diversity of their color. Meanwhile, obtaining samples of loose rocks from deposits of cross-bedded sands, varved clays and lacustrine-marsh deposits is very difficult.
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Date submitted1948-07-12
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Date accepted1948-09-02
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Date published1949-11-04
On engineering-geological assessment of the threat of landslide phenomena
- Authors:
- V. L. Lomtadze
The history of mountain road operation shows that landslides are rare isolated episodes, but usually they are periodically repeated and pose a constant threat to the normal operation of such roads. Identifying areas that pose a threat of landslides and avalanches and assessing the degree of their threat to the road is one of the primary tasks both in designing various measures to protect existing roads and in designing new ones. However, no objective and uniform methodology for assessing the threat of rockfall phenomena has yet been developed. This work is an attempt to provide an approximate methodology for assessing the degree of threat of landslide phenomena to roads. Given the complexity of the solution to the issue under consideration and its novelty, this methodology cannot be considered fully developed, but it can already put an end to the existing inconsistency and provide an objective and uniform approach to this issue.