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Date submitted1947-07-14
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Date accepted1947-09-17
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Date published1949-01-11
Unconformities in the stratification of the earth's crust
- Authors:
- M. M. Tetyaev
The phenomena of unconformity in the layered structure of the earth's crust have recently acquired great significance as indicators of a break, disruption or complication of the normal course of historical development of the earth's crust, expressed mainly in the conformable accumulation of sedimentary strata. They formed the basis for establishing the epochs of so-called diastrophism, and they are also associated with the determination of the age of folding both in relation to its large periods and smaller phases. In view of such an important fundamental significance of these phenomena, one can ask whether their content is sufficiently clearly and completely defined and how correctly the specific weight of the observed phenomenon of unconformity is determined in geological practice. It should therefore be noted that in the world geological literature the classification of unconformity phenomena is given in too summary a form, which is far from corresponding to the modern level of structural analysis of the earth's crust. In the context of a significant expansion at the present time of our ideas about the movements of the earth's crust and a more in-depth understanding of their historical development, it is necessary to revise this terminology, now undoubtedly outdated, and on the basis of rational classification of these phenomena to provide new terminology for practical work - deciphering sections of the earth's crust.
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Date submitted1947-07-22
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Date accepted1947-09-11
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Date published1949-01-11
The structure of tungsten deposits in Kukulbei and its environments
- Authors:
- I. M. Ozerov
The geological structure of the Kukulbey Ridge and its environs includes metamorphic rocks of the Paleozoic, sandstone-conglomerate-shale deposits of the marine Jurassic (I1 - I2), ancient cataclastic coarse-grained granites and rocks of the Middle Cimmerian intrusive complex, represented by quartz diorites, granodiorites and granites. Young igneous rocks originated from a single magmatic reservoir. Between granodiorite and leucocratic granite there are numerous transitional rocks, connecting them into a single complex of a consistently developing intrusive process.
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Date submitted1947-07-19
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Date accepted1947-09-12
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Date published1949-01-11
Search criteria and signs for asbestos deposits
- Authors:
- P. M. Tatarinov
The search for chrysotile asbestos deposits is facilitated by the constant confinement of deposits to certain rocks - to serpentinites. These rocks arise mainly by metamorphosis of ultramafic intrusive rocks and occasionally - by metamorphosis of dolomitized limestones, in both cases as a result of hydrothermal processes. Naturally, the search criteria and features for chrysotile asbestos deposits associated with serpentinized ultramafic rocks will be different than for deposits associated with serpentinized limestones. The most favorable parent rocks for industrially valuable anthophyllite-asbestos deposits are large- and coarse-grained pyroxenites, forming xenoliths within younger granite intrusions, especially those areas of pyroxenites that are cut by dikes of vein derivatives of granite magma.
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Date submitted1947-07-28
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Date accepted1947-09-25
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Date published1949-01-11
Geological features of phlogopite deposits as their exploration indicators
- Authors:
- P. K. Grigoriev
This article briefly describes the characteristic geological features of the phlogopite deposits of the Slyudyanskii and Aldanskii districts, which are of exceptional importance in the search for and development of industrial deposits of this raw material. Of particular interest in terms of exploration are the wallrock alterations in the host rocks, represented by unique metasomatic green diopside rocks, with which the phlogopite deposits are closely related genetically and territorially. Therefore, the example of phlogopite deposits clearly shows the most important role of wallrock alterations in the host rocks as a search feature. In this article, using the example of phlogopite deposits, the importance of the problem of studying various metasomatic wallrock alterations is emphasized. The article notes the most characteristic search features of phlogopite deposits. Leningrad, 1946.
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Date submitted1947-07-21
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Date accepted1947-09-29
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Date published1949-01-11
Comparison of the depth of exploration of ore bodies accessible by different electrical methods
- Authors:
- L. Ya. Nesterov
The question of the maximum depth at which electrical exploration can detect well-conducting ore bodies has attracted the attention of geophysicists since the very beginning of the development of geophysical methods. There are a number of statements about the depth of a number of electrical exploration methods using direct and low-frequency alternating current, sometimes supported by relevant data, and sometimes simply unfounded. However, comparing these data with each other and hence comparing the depth of different methods and choosing the deepest ones is difficult due to the heterogeneity of the conditions under which experimental data are obtained by different authors. This task is extremely important, since the direction of further scientific research in this area depends on its correct solution and even now, without developing new methods, the achievement of the maximum possible depths.
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Date submitted1947-07-15
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Date accepted1947-09-19
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Date published1949-01-11
Early Jurassic type of coal accumulation
- Authors:
- Yu. A. Zhemchuzhnikov
The geological and historical features of coal-bearing strata undoubtedly depend on the previous development of the face of the earth and on the nature of the movements at the corresponding time. In other words, they are a function of geotectonic and paleogeographic conditions. The multiple appearance of alluvial fans and proluvial, river-washed pebbles is especially characteristic only of the Lower Jurassic coal accumulation period in the USSR. The establishment of a special type of coal accumulation in the Lower Jurassic period in the Hercynian mountain country of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and Central Asia is of great fundamental importance.
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Date submitted1947-07-03
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Date accepted1947-09-17
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Date published1949-01-11
Plications as a result of the process of internal movement of the substance of the layers during the plications process
- Authors:
- T. O. Zabokritskii
When studying various issues of tectonics in the mines of the Prokopyevsk-Kiselevsk region, I paid special attention to the study of folds developed within one layer or even in part of a layer. Hence, these folds are called microfolds or intralayer folds. The development of plications is observed not only in the mines of Kuzbass, Donbass or other coal basins, but also in all folded areas. However, different researchers attached different significance to this phenomenon, and the origin of plications was often interpreted incorrectly, without connection with observations of the actual material.
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Date submitted1947-07-01
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Date accepted1947-09-24
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Date published1949-01-11
On the issue of establishing intrusions in folded areas that preceded folding
- Authors:
- G. I. Sokratov
The problem of dividing intrusions in folded areas according to their relation to folding is one of the most difficult in geology. It is usually difficult to answer the question of the time of intrusion emplacement - before, during or after folding. Particularly difficult is the identification of intrusions in folded areas that were intruded into the host rocks before folding and, as a result of the latter superposition, even if their relatively older age is established in comparison with the following intrusions, can be taken for earlier manifestations directly related to the same folding. An exceptional feature of intrusions, the formation of which occurs before folding, is that, being located in quietly lying layered deposits, they form characteristic forms of concordant intrusive deposits, sills, which practically appear in the layered structure as intrusive layers, with all the ensuing consequences. It is precisely this circumstance that gives us a real opportunity to recognize such intrusions in the folded structure. The factual material of this article gives grounds to conclude that special attention must be paid to basic and ultrabasic intrusions from the point of view of the time of their appearance in relation to folding.
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Date submitted1947-07-21
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Date accepted1947-09-12
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Date published1949-01-11
A simplified method for determining the bulk and specific gravity of relatively dense ores
- Authors:
- I. V. Ivanov
The known methods of determining the volume and specific gravity of minerals are relatively labor-intensive, require significant time and money, and testing is associated with the availability of certain laboratory equipment. The author of this article set himself the task of finding a more productive method for determining specific gravity that would require a minimum of time and a minimum of laboratory equipment, and the results of the accuracy of such determination should meet practical requirements. The solution of the set problems was carried out when determining the specific gravity of sulfur and copper pyrite ores of the North Karabash deposits. The study was carried out on ores of various mineralogical composition, structural (medium-, fine- and fine-grained varieties) and textural features (massive, banded, disseminated and other ores), i.e. the study covered the entire variety of primary sulfide ores encountered at the deposit. All of the above shows that the method of determining volumetric (without covering samples with paraffin) and specific gravity - by weighing sample pieces in air and in water - is cheap, productive, fast and accurate.
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Date submitted1947-07-14
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Date accepted1947-09-29
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Date published1949-01-11
К вопросу о движении подземных вод в трещиноватых породах
- Authors:
- E. E. Kerkis
Вопросы, связанные с движением подземных вод в трещиноватых породах, до настоящего времени слабо освещены в литературе. В руководствах по гидрогеологии приводится только схема движения воды по трещинам, предложенная еще в 1912 г. А. А. Краснопольским, предусматривающая турбулентный режим движения, выражаемый законом Шези. Между тем в настоящее время имеются расчетные и экспериментальные данные, позволяющие дать более полное освещение условий движения воды в трещиноватых породах, что может иметь существенное практическое значение. В настоящей краткой статье автор приводит произведенные им гидравлические расчеты, основанные на рассмотрении простейшей модели трещиноватой породы с учетом имевшихся экспериментальных материалов. В результате получены выводы, касающиеся режима движения воды в трещиноватых породах и зависимости водопроницаемости их от размеров и густоты трещин.
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Date submitted1947-07-04
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Date accepted1947-09-20
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Date published1949-01-11
On some issues of the theory of mine electric locomotive haulage
- Authors:
- A. V. Rysev
The observations of electric locomotive haulage at the mines of Kounrad, Magnitogorsk, Karaganda and Cheremkhovo revealed a significant discrepancy between productivity and design data. In a number of cases, the actual productivity of electric locomotive haulage did not reach even 50% of the estimated one. Timekeeping data for the Magnitogorsk open-pit mine, as well as for the mines of the Cheremkhovo coal basin, indicate unproductive waste of time on various delays and accidents due to inconsistency in the work of individual transport links, transport with sections and quarries, due to the lack of a schedule and the poor condition of the tracks and rolling stock. This paper aims to highlight some issues related to the operation of electric locomotives themselves. It has been established that the low productivity of electric locomotive haulage is also explained by poor adhesion of the locomotive wheels to the rails, that the operation of the electric locomotive itself does not correspond to the design data. The actual speeds of electric locomotives barely reach 50% of the speeds obtained from the engine characteristics, and the size of the train composition is much less than the calculated one. The article provides proposals for increasing the actual productivity of electric locomotives in mine conditions.
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Date submitted1947-07-08
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Date accepted1947-09-10
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Date published1949-01-11
Determination of the location of a vertical mine based on the minimum cost of underground and surface transport of minerals
- Authors:
- O. B. Bokii
The condition of the problem, the solution of which is the goal of this work, can be formulated as follows: based on a given law of distribution of mineral reserves along a curvilinear underground haulage working and the location on the surface of the point to which the entire reserve of mineral should be transported, find a point on this working such that, with the location of a vertical lifting shaft in which the total cost of underground and surface transport of minerals would be minimal.
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Date submitted1947-07-23
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Date accepted1947-09-24
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Date published1949-01-11
New platinum minerals in copper-nickel sulphide ores
- Authors:
- I. N. Maslenitskii
The form of occurrence of the extracted metal is of great importance for the choice of the technological scheme of ore processing. It is important for the technologist to know in what form of mineral formations the metal is found, what is the chemical and physical connection between it and the mineral components of the ore. Direct mineralogical and mineragraphic analysis often proves powerless to solve this problem, especially in cases where the content of the extracted metals is expressed in several grams per ton of processed ore and when the form of occurrence of the elements is unusual. This situation was especially clearly revealed in the study of the form of occurrence of platinum metals in copper-nickel ores. For our ores, this problem was first solved by the Nickel Group of the Leningrad Mining Institute as a result of broadly set studies using methods of chemical and mineragraphic analysis of ore samples and maximally unified and enriched fractions with the studied components, obtained by precision methods of gravitational, electromagnetic and flotation enrichment. Only in this way was it possible to establish the composition, mutual connection of platinum and nickel and copper minerals and to make a correct forecast of the behavior of these minerals during enrichment. For the first time, such platinum minerals as cooperite, braggite, stibio-palladinite and sperrylite were diagnosed in our ores, their chemical characteristics were given and the extremely important fact of fine dispersion of the greater part of palladium in nickel and iron sulfides was established. The results of these works were summarized in a special monograph and laid the foundation for the scheme of technological processes of our copper-nickel industry.
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Date submitted1947-07-02
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Date accepted1947-09-02
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Date published1949-01-11
On the boundaries of the region of stress variation in a hoisting rope
- Authors:
- I. P. Neronov
The problem of determining the stresses in a hoisting rope during the lifting and lowering of a load suspended from it is divided into two. For small lifting and lowering heights, we neglect the mass and weight of the rope. For large heights, both are taken into account. In the first case, the question is reduced to integrating an ordinary differential equation and in the second, a partial differential equation. This paper is devoted to the first case and, thus, is an introduction to the general formulation of the question. For practical purposes, it is of interest to find the value of the tension T of the rope as a function of time t. In what follows, we assume that the linear velocity diagram v (t) on the drum circumference is trapezoidal. The analytical dependence T = T (t) was obtained by us earlier for each of the three periods of the above-mentioned diagram.
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Date submitted1947-07-04
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Date accepted1947-09-06
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Date published1949-01-11
Comprehensive analysis of physical and mechanical processes of mine hoisting
- Authors:
- G. M. Elanchik
It is worth noting the valuable initiative of the Leningrad Order of Lenin Mining Institute, which publishes in its notes not small articles, but extensive fundamental works that comprehensively cover current problems of mining technology. Volume XXI of the Notes of the Leningrad Mining Institute is entirely devoted to a major study by Doctor of Engineering Sciences, Professor F. N. Shklyarskii, "Physicomechanical Foundations of Electric Mine Hoisting". A mine hoisting installation is a complex electromechanical system, the physics of which has long been covered in an extremely schematic and approximate manner. Professor I. A. Time was the first to pay attention to the mine hoisting system, but only the outstanding works of Academician A. P. German and Academician M. M. Fedorov laid the foundation for a deep analysis of the theory of mine hoisting installations. Professor F. N. Shklyarskii greatly deepened these analytical studies and for the first time, in addition to a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of lifting and lowering cargo, analyzed the physics of the electric drive of a mine hoist. Published in Volume XXI of the Proceedings of the Leningrad Order of Lenin Mining Institute, the remarkable monograph by Professor F. N. Shklyarsky successfully completes his many years of original research in this complex area of transport technology.
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Date submitted1947-07-27
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Date accepted1947-09-23
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Date published1949-01-11
On the nature of changes in static forces of scraper winches
- Authors:
- L. F. Shklyarskii
As is known, the following resistances act during the movement of a loaded scraper: 1. resistance to movement of the material captured by the scraper, 2. resistance to movement of the scraper itself, 3. resistance to movement of the ropes, 4. resistance in the blocks and from the rigidity of the ropes, 5. resistance to scooping up the scraped material. During the movement of an empty scraper, only resistances (2), (3) and (4) act, resistances (1) and (5) are equal to zero. However, the pattern of change in the resistance to movement of the material captured by the scraper (hereinafter designated z₁) and the resistance to scooping up the scraped material (hereinafter designated z₅) during filling the scraper has not been studied in essence. Meanwhile, knowledge of this pattern is highly desirable from the point of view of overloading the scraper winch engine and, consequently, a more theoretically justified choice of the power of this engine. Based on existing data on the operation of scraper installations, in particular, on the existing coefficients friction and the values of the specific work of scooping, below we offer the following interpretation of the pattern of change during filling of the scraper of the two types of resistance indicated above.
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Date submitted1947-07-02
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Date accepted1947-09-21
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Date published1949-01-11
On the influence of the theodolite centering error at the apex of the connecting triangle on the accuracy of solving the adjoining problem using the Weisbach method
- Authors:
- V. A. Romanov
The issue raised in this article has repeatedly been the subject of research by both domestic and foreign mine surveyors. We will allow ourselves to indicate those literary sources in which attempts were made to provide a solution to the issue raised. In this article, we will not critically examine the views of each of the named authors and refer those interested in this issue to our dissertation. Our task is to resolve the issue raised in general terms and to briefly report on the reasons that led the aforementioned authors to diametrically opposed points of view on the issue raised.