Vol 36 Iss. 2

The material for the present article is several forms of spiriferides from the collections of L. S. Librovich. The collection was assembled in 1920-1924 from a section of Lower Carboniferous sediments (Upper and Lower Namur) along the Rezh River from the village of Lugovoy to the village of Mironovo (Alapaevsky District, Sverdlovsk Oblast, on the eastern slope of the Middle Urals). The specimens collected by the author of this paper and the material delivered by A. A. Pronin were studied from the same section. Representatives of three subgenera of the genus Spirifer are described here: Spirifer, Brachythyris, and Choristites. These forms belong to the subgenera of ribbed spiriferids, a very variable group of brachiopods, which is very important in biostratigraphic respect. A representative of the subgenus Choristites is described among them. The very fact of finding Choristites in the upper Lower Carboniferous sediments is interesting for illuminating the question of the origin of the subgenus Choristites, so characteristic of the Middle Carboniferous sediments.

Devonian sediments of the east of the Russian Platform and the Urals are extremely rich in minerals - oil and iron, bauxite and refractories. One of the most difficult questions of the Devonian stratigraphy of the Urals is probably the comparison of sections of the western and eastern slopes. This problem can be solved only on the basis of a monographic study of the fauna of both regions.

The method of sampling by ore types, developed by the author in 1938-1940, was introduced into production in 1941 at the Karabash deposit. The present article summarizes the results of experimental work on the application of this method, in addition to Karabashskoye, and at the Urupskoye sinter deposit.

During the study (1953-1954) of the material composition of ores of the Buron deposit it was found that the volumetric and dotted furrows in the conditions of this deposit in terms of accuracy are not inferior to the furrow of a regular cross-section (5x2 cm). Productivity of the sampler at sampling by volumetric furrow increases in 3 times, and by dotted furrow - in 4 times in comparison with productivity of sampling by a furrow of a correct section, not counting that at sampling, for example, by dotted furrow the forces and means on the further processing of samples are saved, as at the same length of a furrow the weight of a dotted sample in 2,3 times less than a furrow sample. No less opportunities are opened at development and introduction of some new methods of sampling.

Kukisvumchorr apatite deposit is the north-western part of Kukisvumchorr-Yukspor lenticular deposit with the length of about 3.9 kmi with the thickness of 130-150 m. At the upper developed horizons the deposit falls at an angle of 25-45°, with depth the angle of fall increases to 64°. The ore body is composed of homogeneous rocks, the main minerals of which are apatite and nepheline. Depending on the apatite content, the ore body is subdivided into two zones: upper - rich and lower - poor. The thickness of the rich zone is 50-60 meters, the poor zone - 80-100 meters.

In Central Kazakhstan at the deposits of quartz-molybdenum formation the processes of molybdenum leaching from the oxidation zone are widely developed. Molybdenum leaching is especially intensive at the outcrops of molybdenum-ore quartz veins, i.e. in the very near-surface part of ore bodies, at a depth of several tens of centimeters. In this case, near the surface in place of molybdenum, leaching voids and poverite remain, which is difficult to visually detect.

Radioactive methods with a high degree of sensitivity can find wide application in prospecting and exploration of deposits where radioactive elements are in subordinate or generally non-industrial accumulation. The following describes the results of studies of the applicability of radioactive methods (radon survey) in the search for lead-zinc deposits.

Pre-treatment of samples in the drop method as well as in other methods of chemical analysis depends on the elements to be determined and those compounds in the form of which they are found. In metallometric surveys for polymetals, loose material from the oxidation zone is usually received for analysis. In such cases, sample pretreatment can be carried out with one concentrated HCl. Samples containing sulphides are treated with concentrated HCl in the presence of an oxidizing agent. In the proposed variant of the method of analysis of zinc and lead from a single sample as an oxidizing agent is recommended bertolitic salt.

At exploration of discharges by the method of refracted waves the criteria of their presence are changes on seismograms of dynamic features of recording at transition of the refracted wave in the diffracted wave and characteristic form of hodographs. In the region of discharge on the refracted wave hodographs, branches corresponding to the refracted wave and the diffracted wave can be distinguished.

A number of geological questions are solved using spectral analysis data. Spectral analysis also acquires practical importance in geochemical studies, in particular, in metallometric survey. In combination with geophysical methods in parties and expeditions in search and study of scattering halos of various chemical elements, a large number of analyses for lead, molybdenum, tin, copper, zinc, tungsten, antimony, nickel, cobalt, arsenic and other elements are performed. In this case, spectral determinations of metals are made in samples of loose sediments (sediment). When searching for ore bodies that do not extend below the sediment, disseminated mineralization at some distance from the ore bodies can also be detected by spectral sampling of bedrock or sediment from the surface.

In the geologic interpretation of geophysical observations, it is often necessary to calculate the potential function in the lower half-plane from its values determined by measurements at the ground surface. This problem was solved by many researchers G. Renbow, for example, realized analytical continuation to the lower half-plane of the second derivative of the gravitational potential, with the help of which he determined the interface between two media of different densities.

The evaluation of the interaction of minerals with various reagents is of great importance for a number of technological processes (flotation, hydrometallurgy of ores, etc.). The possibility to establish the presence or absence of interaction facilitates the choice of the process regime, reducing the number of necessary experiments. Determination of the nature of this interaction makes it possible to consciously control the technological process.In addition, finding out the nature of the interaction of minerals with various reagents can be useful in the study of the properties of the minerals themselves.

Assessment of the accuracy of hypsometric plans of deposits and geological sections is of great importance for their correct use in mining and exploration purposes and in the choice of rational methods of exploration of deposits.