The dependence of reflectivity and other properties of minerals on their chemical composition has been noted by a number of researchers. It is mentioned, in particular, that the reflectivity decreases with increasing content of magnesium oxide in the composition of magnomagnetites ...

In the late forties and early fifties, through the efforts of geophysicists and geologists of the Urals and Kazakhstan in the Trans-Ural region, on the territory of the Turgai Trough, was discovered a new iron ore province of the Soviet Union, represented by a large group of contact-metasomatic deposits of magnetite ores and subsequently called the Main Iron Ore Belt of the Turgai Trough. ...

In recent years, in the press and at scientific conferences both at home and abroad, ideas about the depletion of mineral deposits and even about the limitation and depletion of mineral resources in general have been intensively discussed. Such notions are mentioned most often in connection with the discussion of the problem of environmental and subsoil protection, the urgency of which has become obvious to everyone. As a result, they have become almost universally accepted, so there is no need to provide any detailed list of relevant literature. Let us refer only to one of the recent works, which states that the characteristic features of minerals, which distinguish them from other types of natural resources (e.g., plant and water resources, animal life, solar energy, etc.), are limitedness, exhaustibility and non-reproducibility ...

The Sokolovskoye magnetite ore deposit is one of the largest in the Turgai Trough. It lies among sedimentary volcanogenic rocks of Lower Carboniferous age (Civ + n), monoclinally falling to the east at angles from 40 to 60°. Structurally, the deposit is confined to the eastern wing of the anticlinal fold.

The study of distribution patterns of impurity elements is a necessary addition to the genetic and industrial characterization of ores and is of particular importance in connection with the problem of their integrated use. In ores of Sarbaisky deposit iron as the leading ore-forming element is accompanied by a significant number of impurity elements, the most important of which is cobalt.

When comparing the data of exploration and exploitation at the sites of Sarbaisky and Sokolovskoye mining pits, it was found that operational exploration on a network of 50x25 m does not clarify the data of detailed exploration, carried out on a network of 100x50 m. At the same time at the sites of both quarries at detailed and operational exploration slightly underestimated ore reserves and iron content in them.

At the stage of detailed exploration the area of the open pit is drilled by core holes to the full depth of mineralization on a network of 100X50 m (100X75 m - in the plane of dip of the ore body). At the stage of operational exploration - to a depth of 30-40 m using a 50х25 m grid (50X40 m in the plane of the ore body dip). The 50X25 m grid is used to drill the central part of the pit, where mainly rich and poor ores are concentrated. The hanging and lying sides of the ore deposit (poor ores and ore-free interlayers) were explored using a 100X50 m grid. Exploration boreholes were sampled within the ore deposit section by section, with section length of 2-3 m. Samples were analyzed for iron, sulfur and phosphorus. Blast holes 10-20 m deep were drilled on a 6X6 m grid, sampled with one sample and analyzed for iron and sulfur.

In the practice of calculation of reserves the rule has taken root that if there is a correlation between the content of a useful component and some other parameter, the average content should be determined by the weighted average method, and if there is no correlation - by the arithmetic mean method. This point of view was first expressed by N. V. Volodomonov and later supported by P. L. Kallistov, V. I. Smirnov, V. M. Kreuter, V. I. Kuzmin and others. However, N. F. Zalata and A. A. Petrov strongly argue that the weighted average method is erroneous and recommend that the average content be determined only by the arithmetic mean method. In the last paper L. F. Zalata connects the method of determining the average content with the type of asymmetry of the distribution of the useful component. V. I. Borzunov believes that the weighted average method is applicable only in the case of changes in content along a hyperbolic curve. In other cases he recommends to apply the method of arithmetic mean. V. A. Petrov proves that the weighted average method of determining the average content in the predominant number of cases gives a more satisfactory result than the arithmetic mean method. Experimental studies carried out on models of ore bodies by I. A. Zimin and E. A. Zimin and E. M. Teplyakov, have shown that in some cases weighted average, and in other cases - arithmetic mean methods of determining the average content of ...

During the study (1953-1954) of the material composition of ores of the Buron deposit it was found that the volumetric and dotted furrows in the conditions of this deposit in terms of accuracy are not inferior to the furrow of a regular cross-section (5x2 cm). Productivity of the sampler at sampling by volumetric furrow increases in 3 times, and by dotted furrow - in 4 times in comparison with productivity of sampling by a furrow of a correct section, not counting that at sampling, for example, by dotted furrow the forces and means on the further processing of samples are saved, as at the same length of a furrow the weight of a dotted sample in 2,3 times less than a furrow sample. No less opportunities are opened at development and introduction of some new methods of sampling.

In the row all the geological sciences, the science of prospecting and exploration of mineral deposits is one of the youngest. It is advisable to formulate the definition of the subject and method of science as follows: prospecting and exploration is the science of the methods of discovery, qualitative and quantitative characteristics and assessment of mineral deposits for the purpose of their industrial use. The method of this science consists in studying the dependence of the methods of discovery and establishment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of deposits on the geological patterns that determine the formation and all the features of mineral deposits. The main tasks facing the science of prospecting and exploration are as follows: on the basis of the analysis and generalization of the vast factual material and experience of prospecting and exploration accumulated to date, to develop new and improve the applied systems of geological exploration. In this case, special attention should be paid to the development of issues of rational spatial placement of workings and other observation points, as well as the development of prospecting and exploration techniques.