Vol 45 Iss. 3

The value of mineral deposits is determined differently in different socio-economic formations. If under capitalism it is determined by the amount of profit that can provide the development of the deposit for the entire period of its exploitation and the possibility of capitalization of this profit, then in the conditions of socialist economy the value of the deposit is determined by the efficiency of its development in terms of meeting the needs of the national economy in this type of mineral.

After the XXII Congress of the CPSU and the adoption of the Program of the CPSU socio-economic literature is paying more and more attention to theoretical issues related to the advancement of our society to communism. Among the issues of paramount importance is the question of the material and technical base of communism - clarification of the content of this category, its difference from the concept of productive forces, clarification of socio-economic consequences that will entail the creation of the material and technical base of communism. Of particular importance is the question of the change in the structure of the national economy and its individual branches, which occurs during the period of deployed construction of communism.

In the implementation of the tasks of communist construction of decisive importance is the rapid and steady growth of productivity of social labor. A particularly important role in providing the conditions for increasing labor productivity is played by the development of the mining industry. “The rise in labor productivity, wrote Lenin, ‘requires, above all, to provide the material basis of large industry: the development of fuel, iron, machine building, chemical industry”.

The economic significance of the indicator of labor intensity as an indicator of the cost of living labor. In the economic literature and in practice, labor intensity is understood as labor costs per unit of output at one, several or all stages of production of a given enterprise. Thus, labor intensity characterizes the amount of expenditure of living labor.

The main economic task of the Party and the Soviet people, - says the Program of the CPSU, - is to create the material and technical base of communism within two decades.One of the most important directions of creating the material and technical base of communism is the rational use of labor resources in order to achieve in the interests of society the greatest results at the lowest labor costs.

For a more complete identification of reserves of labor productivity growth, the photograph of the working day is of great importance. However, the method used in the mining industry to analyze the results of workday photography and design a normal balance is reduced to identifying only direct (apparent) losses of working time. Time losses associated with unproductive use of equipment, incomplete use of the main and auxiliary time, remain undiscovered.

Before starting the development of a field, it is necessary to discover and explore it, to determine its suitability for industrial development. This requires the cost of social labor, the scale of which cannot be underestimated. Thus, the cost per 1 m of explored reserves varies from 2 kopecks for iron ores to several thousand rubles for some rare metals and makes from 0.1 to 25% of the cost of the final product. In 1951-1956 capital investments in geological exploration amounted to 12.3% of all capital investments in the coal industry, 37.3% in the oil industry, 53.6% in the gas industry.

One of the features of the historical transition from socialism to communism, as noted by the Program of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, is the fuller use and continuous improvement of commodity-money relations, as well as increasing the role of value categories in strengthening planned management and strengthening the economic stimulation of social production.

Integrated use of raw materials is known to be one of the most important factors in the growth of public labor productivity, reduction of specific labor, materials and energy costs in the national economy, which leads to a fuller use of all the hidden reserves of production and, ultimately, to reduce the cost of industrial products.

One of the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of capital investment along with the cost of production are specific capital expenditures, i.e. the amount of capital investment per unit of production. This indicator is especially important for industries with increased capital intensity - extractive industry.

At present, in geological exploration organizations cost indicators take into account only the use of certain types of equipment. Most of the fixed assets are not subject to any control. In this case, the level of utilization of many elements of fixed assets is almost impossible to take into account statistically (geophysical equipment, instrumentation, production buildings, etc.).

In order to radically improve the rationing of raw materials consumption in the national economy, the introduction of technically and economically justified standards is of great importance to streamline and unify the methodology for compiling planned and reporting metal balances and obtaining reliable reporting indicators of metal recovery. As the analysis of production activities of nickel-cobalt industry enterprises has shown, the level of metal recovery indicators is established from metal balances. The reliability of these indicators is largely determined by the quality of accounting (weighing, sampling and chemical analysis) of raw materials, semi-finished products, commercial and dumped products, which are included in the incoming and outgoing parts of the balance sheet. Since the rationing of metal recovery and losses is mainly based on the reporting and statistical method in combination with expert evaluation, it is very important that the state of accounting at enterprises was at the proper height.

International division of labor is a special kind of social division of labor. It consists in the specialization of individual countries in the system of world economy on the production of certain types of products and is expressed in the exchange of these products through the channels of foreign trade.International division of labor is a historical category, it is directly related to the development of productive forces of society and the system of prevailing production relations. In addition, the international division of labor is also conditioned by the natural and climatic conditions of countries, their geographical location, resources of raw materials and energy, the availability of skilled labor and historically established traditions of the people.

The Program for the Development of the National Economy of Bulgaria for 1961-1980, adopted by the VIII Congress of the Bulgarian Communist Party, envisages within two decades the completion of the construction of socialism and the gradual transition to the creation of the highest phase of communism. The implementation of this grandiose program involves the forced development of the mining and metallurgical industries, which form the basis for the growth of heavy industry.

The most important characteristic feature of the unity and growing power of the world system of socialism is the international socialist division of labor. It enables each socialist country to rely not only on its own resources, but also on the vast raw material and fuel wealth of the entire world system of socialism.The Polish People's Republic ranks second (after the Soviet Union) in coal production among the socialist countries of Europe. Coal reserves in the Republic exceed those of all other European countries of people's democracy put together. The general geological reserves (up to the depth of 1000 m) are defined as 76-82 billion tons and are concentrated on the territory of two districts: Silesian-Krakowski and Lower Silesian. The Silesian-Kraków district accounts for 99% of all reserves, and the Lower Silesian district - only 0.9%, but of high quality coking coal. A total of 81 deep and 55 shallow mines are exploited in the country. The average depth of the mines does not exceed 250 m.

The place of the German Democratic Republic in the system of international socialist division of labor in the mining industry is determined by factors common to all countries and specific only for the GDR. The factors favorable for the development of the mining industry of the GDR include the following:1) large reserves and a significant amount of lignite and potassium salts;2) the development of electricity production, chemical and some other industries corresponding to the reserves;3) highly developed production of mining machinery and equipment, especially for surface mining;4) advanced technology and progressive technology of mining, beneficiation and processing of many types of minerals.

The main task of the modern stage of the national liberation revolution is to win economic independence. The resolution of this central national task is inconceivable without the creation of modern industry capable of ensuring the integrated development of the economy and the elimination of its lopsided monocultural character. The tasks of industrialization require the full development of the mining industry, which should provide the mineral and raw material base for the developing national industry. Therefore, the development of national mining industry is an objectively conditioned process of development of productive forces and at the same time one of the forms of the struggle for economic independence.