Vol 67 Iss. 1

The CPSU Program for the construction of communism in the USSR provides for the further development of the raw material base of modern industry. ...

Among the most important problems of our time, a prominent place is occupied by the problems of subsurface mechanics, on the solution of which scientists of the largest countries of the world are working.

At the present stage of scientific and technical progress, the Earth's interior is increasingly involved in the sphere of social production, the role of mining science is growing, and the range of its problems is expanding. …

Mine aerology as one of the branches of mining develops in strict accordance with progress in the field of technology and techniques of mining, and, since in some cases the problems of aerology and technology are interrelated, changes in the technological process will also require new solutions in the field of aerology. ...

The most characteristic feature of frozen rock mining is its high energy intensity and cost. Ice-cemented loose rocks at low subzero temperatures become so strong that their excavation without preliminary preparation turns out to be ineffective. …

The successes achieved in the technique and technology of the development of mineral deposits have created the necessary prerequisites for the transition to a continuous, more progressive technology of mining operations in hard rocks. …

Destruction (crushing) of hard rocks is the process of formation of new surfaces, and the formation of pieces, each of which, according to the Curie principle, possesses two types of energy – volume energy and surface energy. …

In recent years, mining science has devoted much attention to the problem of using the explosion energy of powerful charges. The breaking of large volumes of ore, the driving of open mine workings, the construction of underground oil and gas reservoirs, the extraction of metal ores and salts by underground leaching, and the creation of underground thermal boilers – this is far from a complete list of possible applications of underground nuclear explosions for peaceful purposes. ...

Modern scientific and technical progress requires increasingly complete development and rational use of natural resources. Along with the use of other types of energy and fuel, an important energy reserve is geothermal resources. As science and technology develop, the possibilities of extracting the Earth's deep heat expand. ...

With the increase in drilling depths at present to 6–7 thousand meters, and in the foreseeable future to 10–15 thousand meters, the temperature factor becomes increasingly serious. …

In the general complex of problems on the destruction of rocks, an important place is occupied by the development of a theory of strength and the improvement of methods of testing them. As a result of the research conducted, new concepts of the properties of rocks and the mechanism of their failure have emerged. The article deals with the relationship between the theory of strength and the mechanism of failure and presents methods for constructing stress diagrams and their interpretation. ...

Our time is characterized by the rapid development of radio electronics and its wide penetration into various branches of the national economy. Radio methods are successfully used in prospecting for minerals, in geophysical research, in mine surveying (radio range finders and laser direction indicators); the introduction of radio electronics at mining enterprises is also beginning. ...

Electronics, which has penetrated into all areas of technology, has been growing and developing in the last decade on the basis of the use of synthesized crystals and minerals, which especially applies to the newest trend of this field – laser technology. ...

The information accumulated in forecasting scientific and technical progress in the mining industry directly affects current operational management of mining production. …

The enlargement of enterprises, the strengthening of ties between them, and the improvement of planning methods lead to the need to process significant flows of technical-and-economic information used to solve production management problems. ...

In the age of the scientific and technological revolution, for each branch of industry should be determined the ways of transition in the future to a qualitatively new technical and economic level of production. For this purpose it is already necessary to answer the question of what our enterprises will be like in 1985–1990. ...

The USSR is one of the world's leading producers of potash fertilizers. The volume of potash ore extraction is currently about 42 million tons; by 1975 it will reach 60 million tons, and by 1980 – 85 million tons.

In the last decade, the USSR has implemented an extensive program of reconstruction of existing potash mines and construction of new potash mines, which has brought our country to the first place in the world in terms of potash fertilizer production. ...

Shale mines of the Leningrad region are characterized by the complex structural structure of the productive seam with a working thickness of 1.5–1.6 m (including three layers of oil shale with a total thickness of 1.0–1.05 m and two interlayers of limestone), a small thickness of individual shale layers, significant karstification of the host rock sequence, high groundwater inflows, etc. ...

Maintaining development workings in good condition is one of the conditions determining the normal progress of stoping operations. …

Under the stability of a mine working is understood the preservation, within a given period of time, of the required dimensions and shape of its cross-section in accordance with the requirements of the rules of technical operation and safety. …

Under the stability of rocks is understood their property to form stable exposures during the sinking of mine workings. A stable state is considered to be such a state of the exposed unsupported section of the rock mass in which, during the necessary period of time under production conditions, rocks do not collapse and do not slide, while the exposed surface or part of it is displaced within permissible limits. ...

Thick gentle seams in the USSR and abroad are developed mainly by inclined layers with roof collapse. In this system of development prop support in stoping faces allows to lay in each upper layer a wooden flooring or a metal mesh, which eliminates coal losses in the thickness of the seam and provides high completeness of excavation. But the use of prop support requires significant costs, heavy manual labor and reduces the production capabilities of the system, which in this form cannot meet the requirements of the present period. ...

The system of level forced caving is widely used in the development of thick, vast deposits. Representing a complex of mutually influencing and conditioning each other parameters and processes, in their compliance with mining-geological and mining conditions, this system provides high labor productivity and low cost of ore extraction. ...

Solid minerals are extracted by three methods: underground, surface (open pit) and underwater. The first two methods are widely developed, the third is beginning to develop.When designing and planning the development of a deposit, it is necessary to take into account the main features of mining methods. All factors affecting the efficiency of work are useful to categorize into two groups: objective and subjective. ...

Open-pit mining in the USSR is continuously growing. In 1975, open-pit coal production compared with 1970 will increase by 52.2-55.2 million tons and will amount to 205.5-208.5 million tons, or 30% of the total coal production in the country. In 1980 and 2000, the share of surface coal mining will be, respectively, 40-45 and about 70% of the total coal production in the USSR. ...

The problems of economic analysis in the coal industry began to be studied in 1921–1927. This period includes works in which not only the relevance of one or another indicator was studied, but also the methodology of analyzing labor productivity, production cost and profitability was carefully developed. In these and subsequent years, a beginning was made in technical-and-economic analysis of production cost and labor productivity. ...

The scientific and technological revolution now developing in the world leads to the breakdown of established proportions and methods of production, generates new, sometimes contradictory phenomena and trends in the economic life of society. This process has affected one of the oldest industrial branches of human activity – mining. ...

At the mines of the Apatit Combine, using the system of level forced caving, in blocks mined under previously abandoned horizons, the determination of ore losses is complicated by the transfer of broken substandard ore and losses from the upper blocks. ...

Modern optical theodolites are usually provided with optical plummets located on the alidade part or on the base, which are used to center the theodolite over the vertex of the horizontal angle being measured. …

Auto-reduction compensators have been used for the last 10–15 years in many mine surveying and geodetic instruments of new designs. They significantly improve the technology of surveying and measurement operations, increase labor productivity and improve accuracy. ...

The conduct of surface and underground operations requires geodetic support, which is achieved by a network of properly located points fixed on the ground and determined with the required accuracy in certain systems of plane coordinates and elevations. …

The positive properties of a smooth driving wheel used as a driving device of self-propelled vehicles have been proved by the long-term operation of modern locomotives in various industries. A smooth wheel is highly manufacturable and is capable of withstanding significant normal, tangential and axial loads. ...

The hydraulic transportation of solid material is one of the important elements of the technological process of extracting and processing minerals. At present, the total length of hydraulic transport lines in the USSR is more than 3 million km, and the volume of transported material – more than 300 million tons. ...

The technical and economic performance of mines increasingly depends on the efficiency and reliability of the operation of mining combines. The operation of mechanized complexes, and hence the mine as a whole, depends on combine productivity. The power of narrow-web combines is continuously increasing, but their productivity grows insufficiently, and the accident rate remains high. ...

The operation of a mine installation in transporting fluids through pipelines using machines is determined both by the individual characteristic of the machine itself and by the characteristic of the external network. The individual characteristic of the machine reflects its internal qualities and shows how much useful work it can transfer to the external network. ...

A duplicated system includes two identical circuits, each of which is designed for full load, while the transfer to standby power is provided automatically. The sectionalizing switch, in the event of damage to one of the circuits, automatically connects the consumer to the healthy circuit. ...

Reduction of control power, characteristic of modern systems with static converters, has opened broad possibilities for the implementation of optimal control laws and an increase in productivity and efficiency of excavators.

In the open-pit method of mining, for the transportation of rock mass at open pits of any capacity, road transport has been widely used in recent years, in particular, heavy-duty dump trucks. The BelAZ-540 and BelAZ-548A dump trucks, with carrying capacities of 27 and 40 tons respectively, are operated together with powerful excavators, possess great maneuverability, good operational and speed characteristics, and low requirements for the road profile, and increase the productivity of transport operations in open pits by a factor of 2–3. ...

Linear electric motors are applicable in mine electric locomotive haulage; their introduction on monorail lines is a significant step forward in the technical progress of transport. In this case, high efficiency is achieved, a high power-to-weight ratio, and simplicity of design, which facilitates repair and maintenance in operation, provides traction on steep ascents, eliminates noise and vibration during operation, and ensures that there is no contact between moving parts. ...