The problems of calculation of mine workings' supports and underground structures' coverings, connected with application of the currently recognized provisions of the theory (mechanics) of underground structures to concrete objects of underground construction, are considered. According to the principle of interaction of shielding (lining) with an array of rocks, the stress state of underground structures depends on the characteristics of the initial field of stresses in the array, as well as the deformation characteristics of the rock material of structures. A special and significant role is played by the influence of underground construction technology to control the stress state of support structures. The correctness and reliability of the calculation also depends on the calculation methods used.
A new analytical method for calculation of tunnel linings with thickness varying along the perimeter of cross-section, for the action of own weight of soil, pressure of ground water and liquid filling the tunnel, taking into account the influence of the earth surface, as well as the weight of buildings and structures on the surface, is proposed. The method is based on the consideration of interaction between the underground structure and the surrounding ground massif as elements of a single deformable system. Examples of calculations illustrating this method are given.
The article considers the prospects of development of the potential of the mineral and raw materials of the Tula region, represented by the most developed in the Central region of Russia mining complex for the extraction of coal, gypsum, clay, mine salts, phosphorites and other minerals, as well as the processing of solid waste. The method and mathematical model for economic and ecological quantitative assessment of regional mineral and raw material potential have been developed, allowing to determine the most market-competitive variant of development of this potential according to a set of indicators of social, economic and ecological criteria. A generalized criterion for assessing the effectiveness of integrated development options, which takes into account the value of the increment of the total combination of regional revenues associated with savings in the total combination of economic environmental payments with the maximum yield of useful marketable products per unit mass of minerals extracted, has been proposed and justified.
Под устойчивостью горных пород понимается их свойство образовывать устойчивые обнажения при проходке горных выработок. Устойчивым считается такое состояние обнаженного незакрепленного участка массива пород, при котором в течение необходимого по условиям производства периода времени породы не обрушаются и не сползают, а обнаженная поверхность или ее часть смещается в допустимых пределах ...
