At the mines of Apatit Combine, using a system of storey forced caving, in the blocks mined under the previously extinguished horizons, the definition of ore losses is complicated due to the transfer of beaten substandard ore and losses from the upper blocks. ...

Rock fracturing is a general property of a rock massif characterized by ubiquitous distribution and irregularity of development, as well as a pronounced average orientation of fracture systems within geological structures. The intensity of fracturing is determined, as observations show, by the composition of rocks and conditions of their occurrence. The aggregate of fracturing of individual layers, strata and stratigraphic horizons gives the fracturing of the rock massif. Being an important structural element of the rock massif, rock fracturing, especially in the conditions of folded coal deposits, is a constantly acting factor on the development conditions.