The most characteristic feature of frozen rock mining is its high energy intensity and cost. Ice cemented loose rocks at low subzero temperatures become so strong that their excavation without preliminary preparation turns out to be ineffective. ...

It is well known that there is no single measurement method for determining the modulus and phase of the complex transmission coefficient of quadrupoles in the range of high and ultrahigh frequencies. For definition of these quantities in the specified range of frequencies it is necessary to use a number of measuring devices working on different principles and providing not equal accuracy of measurements. This reduces the value of measurement results and the possibility of their use, for example, to determine the dielectric constants of materials.