In work the analysis of the operational factors influencing toxicity of fulfilled gases of diesel engines is presented. Actions on reduction in toxicity are certain. The difference between concentration СО on the unsteady and established modes which strongly depends on a high-speed mode. The generalized dependences of concentration of toxic components on a high-speed operating mode of domestic transport diesel engines without pressurization and with pressurization are presented. Specific emissions of toxic components of domestic diesel engines from a loading operating mode are presented too. It is drawn a conclusion on necessity of application of devices and the control systems providing reduction of duration of transients.
In this article the description of modern dispatch systems for mining-and-transport complexes at open pit mining developed by most popular Russian and foreign companies is given. The sequence of their application at plants and its efficiency are shown. The results of market capacity researches of such systems for the period to 2015 year and trends of their development are given.
The article dedicates to the problems of developing of regulation of getting and explosion information about condition of equipment of the process of exploitation. The main aims are: to determine of structure of information which we get, and full of it; developing ways of getting and giving information; determine of really advices about rise of advantages of explosion of industry.
The experience of application of self-propelled pneumatic wheeled equipment at sinking with mining excavation by blasting technique is considered and the directions of increase of efficiency of exploitation are determined.
Рассмотрены и проанализированы основные тенденции развития средств комплексной механизации добычных работ на подземных и открытых работах на угольных шахтах и разрезах, в горно-рудной промышленности. Приведены некоторые показатели эффективного использования оборудования. Показаны основные направления конструктивного совершенствования комплексов горных машин и методов эксплуатации.
For comparison of environmental performance of rock mass hoists, methods of calculating the volume of harmful emissions into the environment and comparative assessment of their environmental characteristics and economic efficiency are developed. According to the results of calculations recommendations are given and estimated data on the operation of the most promising designs of hoists in deep quarries are given.
The effective operation of transport systems of deep pits requires a comprehensive assessment of their quality on the basis of economic, environmental and mining-technical factors. For this purpose, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model of functioning of transport systems, allowing to estimate in concrete operating conditions various types of open-pit elevators and to define interrelation between operational and ecological characteristics of transport system and conditions of their operation. The final task of the research is to substantiate the rational types of rock mass hoists and the area of their effective application.
The article describes the history of the formation and development of the Faculty of Mining and Electrical Engineering at the St. Petersburg State Mining Institute. Its current state is described. Information about leading scientists, founders of the faculty is presented.
The structure of the system of quarry motor transport, differentiated criteria of its quality are considered. The analysis of the current quality level of each of the subsystems is given. The methods and means of solving problems of qualitative performance by the system of its functions are shown. The scheme of dispatching of technological motor transport on the basis of satellite communication-GPS-system of global positioning of the observed object (dump truck) is given.
The possibility of monitoring of underground self-propelled equipment is shown. The use of on-board measuring instruments in combination with software systems for planning, accounting of work, organization of maintenance and repair, as well as a systematized approach to accounting for the influence of operating conditions on the efficiency of the underground self-propelled machine operation has been suggested.
The results of calculations of efficiency of application of the main methods of normalization of the atmosphere of the open pit are given. As an example, the conditions of open pit Udachny of AK Alrosa and the basic models of dump trucks with carrying capacity of 100-150 tons of domestic and foreign production are considered. The model and the developed medicine allow to substantiate the choice of optimal transport complex taking into account the dynamics of mining works, the environmental factor and various models of loading and transporting equipment.
The principles of determining the service life of elements of loading and delivery machines (PDM), more fully taking into account their operating conditions, have been proposed. Emphasis is put not on formation of an array of statistical data on reliability, but on analysis of loading of elements under specific operating conditions. As experience of PM operation shows, in recommendations of manufacturers on maintenance and repair (M&R) of machines, operating conditions are taken into account insufficiently. One of the indicators, evaluating efficiency of use of mining equipment is its resource. Resource characteristics of elements of machinery determine parameters of O&R system. On a choice of technique of definition of these characteristics directly depends reliability of machinery. Application of the proposed principles will allow to adjust parameters of maintenance and repair system on the basis of processing of a small number of statistical data.
The article presents fundamental differences in the position of solving the problem of neutralization of waste gases in underground and surface mining operations. It is shown that for underground conditions this problem is practically solved by application of effective neutralizers of waste gases. Constructive improvement of neutralizers is carried out mainly in the direction of cost reduction due to the use of special catalysts instead of platinum. Neutralizers are not used in load-bearing mining operations because of large volumes of waste gases and their low efficiency at temperatures below 300. Other ways of normalizing the atmosphere are presented. The main ones are the use of engines that do not pollute the atmosphere with harmful exhaust gases; reduction of fuel demand by optimizing operating modes; use of special fuel additives that reduce soot output by about 2 times.
The main results of research work performed at the departments of the mechanical cycle of the Faculty of Mining and Electromechanics in 2000 are presented. Research and design works for making effective and environmentally safe machines and complexes for mining and processing industries are made at the Faculty of Mining and Electromechanics under the guidance of leading experts. The analysis of design and operating characteristics of manufactured dump trucks is given and modern principles of formation of design and operating requirements to them are formulated. A methodology and mathematical model for determining the optimal characteristics of the complexes have been developed. Studies on the development of hydraulic transport equipment for underwater development of offshore mineral deposits have been carried out. New technological schemes of slurry hydrotransportation in flexible sectional pipelines of variable curvature united by spherical joints are proposed. Research work on the development of the theory of working processes and improvement of electromechanical mining equipment complexes for energy-saving technologies was carried out.
Methodological approaches to determining the volume of harmful substances with exhaust gases of diesel machines at quarries are described. The statistical method and the method of direct measurements on stands or in the quarry are considered. It is based on the dependence of harmful emissions on the amount of fuel burned at different load modes of the diesel engine. Comparative results of calculations of harmful emissions by different methods are given.
Effective ways to reduce atmospheric pollution by exhaust gases are application of anti-smoke additives, creation of low-toxic diesel, application of water additives in the form of vapor-air mixture to fuel, new types of exhaust gas neutralizers. The analysis showed that all methods are being improved. Self-propelled machines with electric drive can not everywhere replace diesel machines.
In the process of designing of hydraulic conveying systems it is necessary to perform a large volume of calculations due to the necessity to analyze different variants of scheme layout, to determine the parameters of mixture flow, economic indicators, etc. This volume of work can be performed rather quickly with the help of a computer program. This amount of work can be performed rather quickly with the help of a computer program. However, it requires the development of a number of programs, of which a package of programs should be formed to solve various problems in the design, operation and reconstruction of hydrotransport complexes.
Annually at 18 plants of CIS countries 70 million tires are manufactured, for the production of which 15 % of the total gross output of petrochemical and oil refining industry is used. The number of truck tires is 52.5 million - 75 % of all tires (in the USA - 20 %, in Western European countries - up to 12 %). The share of large-size tires (LSTs), which are equipped with dump trucks, construction and agricultural machines, reaches 2 % (in the USA - 1 %). LSTs have high material and energy intensity, which determines their high cost. Mining operations cause great damage to the environment, and a comprehensive environmental assessment of them has not yet been given. Since quarry vehicles are one of the main sources of pollution, the paper attempts to assess the environmental impact of LSTs on the environment during their operation at Russian quarries and utilization.
There are coal deposits in all provinces of Vietnam, but the most significant ones are located in the mountainous areas of Northern Vietnam. The productivity of the nine mines in operation ranges from 100 to 1,500,000 tons/year, the most common being 700 to 1,000,000 tons/year.
Currently, hundreds of millions of internal combustion engines are in operation in the world. According to various data, they burn more than 1 billion tons of oxygen per year, emit into the atmosphere 120-150 million tons of carbon monoxide, more than 1 million tons of sulfur oxide, tens of millions of tons of unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. The situation is particularly difficult at open-pit mining operations, where a large number of dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 30-180 tons, bulldozers and other equipment are concentrated in a relatively small space. Synergetic interaction of individual components of harmful emissions and dust particles forming photochemical smog cause changes in physiological processes in the human body. In addition, in some periods at the quarries due to severe atmospheric pollution completely or partially stops work, waiting for ventilation idles expensive mining and transportation equipment.
Рост единичной мощности и стоимость погрузочного и транспортного оборудования требует существенного увеличения эффективности их эксплуатации, установления рационального уровня надежности машин различных типов и в целом транспортной системы карьеров ...
Исследования проведены в условиях Ждановского рудника комбината „Печенганикель". Объект исследования - автосамосвал БелАЗ-549 грузоподъемностью 75 т с дизельным двигателем 8РАЧ-185 мощностью 882 кВт ...
Задачи оптимизации систем карьерного автотранспорта решаются на основе их анализа и синтеза. Анализ заключается в изучении свойств системы и эффективности ее функционирования в зависимости от структуры связей между подсистемами и элементами ...
Целью исследования являлось установление характеристик нагрузочных режимов электромеханической трансмиссии большегрузных автосамосвалов на типичном маршруте карьера глубинного типа в зависимости от условий движения - характеристики дорожной трассы и степени весовой загрузки автосамосвала ...
Для прогнозирования мест наибольшего износа стенок рудоспуска, отыскания кинетической энергии падающих кусков руды, возможной степени дробления материала при перепуске и для решения некоторых других вопросов необходимо знать кинематику движения отдельного куска руды в рудоспуске ...
Изучение эксплуатационной надежности большегрузных автосамосвалов БелАЗ-540 и БелАЗ-548А проводилось в крайне сложных природно-климатических условиях апатитового рудника «Центральный», расположенного в центре Хибин на высоте 1000 м над уровнем моря. Анализ надежности выполнен по данным за 1970—1971 гг. Учтены только относительно серьезные отказы автомобилей, потребовавшие для их устранения не менее двух часов (включая время на обнаружение неисправности, проезд автосамосвала к ремонтному цеху и время всех операций, связанных с ремонтом), так как информация о более мелких отказах практически отсутствует ...
Повышение эффективности использования карьерных автомобилей- самосвалов невозможно без научно обоснованной оценки их эксплуатационных качеств, условий эксплуатации и уровня организации технологического процесса. Длительный опыт эксплуатации большегрузных автосамосвалов показал, что режимы их работы в условиях Севера резко отличаются от режимов работы на карьерах, расположенных в более благоприятных климатических зонах ...
Одним из основных показателей, характеризующих производительность карьерных автосамосвалов, является вес транспортируемой горной массы. Этот показатель служит к тому же важным информационным фактором последующего воздействия на оперативный контроль и управление производственным процессом горного предприятия. Вес транспортируемой горной массы обычно учитывается подсчетом числа рейсов автосамосвалов, для которых ориентировочно устанавливают среднюю грузоподъемность ...
Нагорные апатитовые карьеры Расвумчорр-Цирк и Центральный расположены в центральной части Хибинского массива и отрабатывают часть дугообразной апатитовой залежи. Район месторождения характерен суровыми климатическими условиями: низкие отрицательные температуры зимой (до —36° С), снежные метели и бураны. Число дней в году с отрицательными температурами на высокогорном плато Расвумчорр достигает 300, на карьере Расвумчорр- Цирк — 270. Продолжительность зимнего периода 9 месяцев; толщина снежного покрова на плато превышает 3 м. Значительно усложняют работу карьеров зимой частые туманы и лавиноопасные склоны. По проекту института «Гипроруда» производительность карьеров: Расвумчорр-Цирк 1,8 млн. т, Центрального 12 млн. т руды в год. Однако фактическая производительность карьера Расвумчорр-Цирк значительно превысила проектную ...
