The primary results of the research and engineering work of the Department of Technology and Technique of Well Drilling, carried out and completed in 2000, are presented. The main result of drilling long wells in the ice of Antarctica is the development of the project of environmentally safe opening of the subglacial Lake Vostok, a unique natural phenomenon, the complex study of which is of the greatest interest to the world scientific community. A 505 m long well with full core recovery was drilled on the Academy of Sciences glacier (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago) in the framework of the international environmental program PEGAIS. Geophysical measurements were carried out in the well. A new method of tubeless casing and sealing of anomalous intervals using a fusible binding material and a thermal plugging penetrator was developed. Basic theoretical and technological principles of liquidation plugging of hydrogeological wells with the use of economical and environmentally safe cementing mortar based on cheap mineral waste were developed. Effectively conducted research and experimental developments on the combined heat and hydrodynamic effects on low-productive sands to increase oil and gas production wells, clarified the laws of the hydro and foam core. New applied programs for PC were formed, allowing to increase adequacy of data and to expand the field of application in evaluation of regulation and stabilization of circulation and heat exchange processes during well sinking and development.

The effectiveness of drilling wells using gas-liquid mixtures (GLMs) in certain orografic-climatic and hydrogeologic conditions is known.

The fruitful activity of Academician D. V. Nalivkin is inextricably linked with such a milestone event in the history of the Soviet geological service as the creation of the geological map of the USSR. Although this did not exhaust the tasks of geological mapping, still the problem of erasing "blank spots" began to lose its acuteness. In the foreground came the tasks of improving the efficiency of geological exploration, in the solution of which the geological map has acquired the role of a kind of compass, helping to determine the direction of prospecting and exploration work.

Currently, foams are used when drilling wells for solid minerals in frozen rocks, in conditions of difficult water supply, at low formation pressures in permeable, fractured and cavernous, but relatively stable rocks.

The branch laboratory of TTRB together with production geological associations has carried out a large amount of work on the introduction of foams as a cleaning agent ...

At geological exploration drilling for elimination of all kinds of complications is spent up to 25% of the calendar time of work of drilling rigs, and drilling productivity in some cases is halved ...

The reliability of cementing of the annular space in rocks with negative temperatures is determined by the strength of adhesion of the cement stone with the rock ...

Prediction of the mechanical drilling speed as one of the potential capabilities of diamond rock-destroying tools, conditioned by the design features of the tool, characteristics of the cleaning agent, drillable rocks and drilling technology, is the basis for the application of methods of optimization of diamond drilling processes ...

Lubricating and cooling liquids used in drilling practice can be divided into aqueous solutions of electrolytes (NaCl, CaC1g, etc.); solutions of surface-active substances - surfactants (soap and oil, sulfanol, 0P-7, etc.) and emulsion solutions of surfactants (soap and oil, sulfanol, 0P-7, etc.). ) and emulsion solutions obtained from special euilsols (B, SNAD-1, ZL-4, etc.), as well as from various oils introduced into the solution together with emulsifying additives and special additives. Emulsion solutions can be of the oil-in-water or water-in-oil type ...

To obtain washing solutions are used clay powders produced by various plants and local lump clays. By the cost of clay material spent on the preparation of 1 m3 of standard solution (with a conditional viscosity of 25 s), as a rule, the wrong conclusion is made about the economic efficiency of local lump clays ...

When drilling through perennially frozen rocks the same flushing fluids can be used, which are usually used in rocks with positive temperatures. All requirements for flushing agents in these conditions apply to media designed for operation at negative temperatures.

At the Department of Technology and Techniques of Well Drilling of the Leningrad Mining Institute, studies of mixtures of surface-active agents (surfactants) have been carried out. The purpose of the experiments is to obtain more effective in comparison with used single surfactant active additives.

Until recently, quick-setting mixtures were virtually non-existent. (BSS) for perennially frozen rocks. In this connection in the Leningrad Mining Institute were conducted experiments on the development of such mixtures on one- and two-salt basis.

In recent years, when drilling wells for water as a production string is increasingly used pipes are not steel, but from other, cheaper materials. At opening of mineralized waters refusal from application of steel pipes is a necessary condition for normal operation of wells. In this case asbestos-cement, plywood glued and plastic pipes are used for fixing well walls. At present the electrochemical method of well wall fixing is being mastered.

Creation of cement pipes directly in the wellbore is an actual problem. Cement casing can act as a production string when drilling for water, as well as cover certain complicated zones associated with collapse of well walls or absorption of flushing fluid.

In the practice of prospecting and exploration works shallow wells in soft sedimentary deposits are drilled mainly by rotary core drilling method or by using extremely backward manual percussive-rotary drilling. Not to mention the latter, core drilling also cannot fully meet the modern requirements of exploration work both in terms of labor productivity and the quantity and quality of samples taken. This is explained, first of all, by the necessity to drastically reduce the drilling parameters (in terms of the rotation speed of the drilling tool and the amount of fluid fed into the well), based on the mandatory conditions of core preservation. If to take into account that the method of “dry grouting” used in practice in order to increase the core yield takes 30% of clean drilling time in each trip (1.2-2 m long), it becomes obvious that this method is unacceptable for drilling in soft sedimentary deposits.

One of the methods of mechanization of shallow well drilling in soft rocks, as it is known, is vibratory drilling. In recent years, it has become relatively widespread.However, the vibratory method of drilling, unlike the vibromethod in construction, is not sufficiently covered in the literature.This article is devoted to the development of the main rock-destroying drilling tools, as well as some operating parameters of vibro drills.