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Date submitted2024-04-11
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Date accepted2024-06-03
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Date published2024-07-04
Assessment of the efficiency of acid mine drainage purification (using the example of copper-pyrite mines in the Middle Urals)
According to the results of the anti-rating of regions with extreme pollution of watercourses in the Sverdlovsk region, the largest number of polluted rivers has been recorded in recent years – more than a quarter of all high and extremely high pollution. One of the sources of pollution of natural water bodies in the Middle Urals are closed and flooded copper-pyrite mines, where acidic mine drainage continue to form and unload to the surface. Several of them have organized collection and a two-stage acidic drainage purification system, including neutralization with lime milk and settling in a clarifier pond. Despite the identical schemes, different indicators of pollutants are recorded during discharge into water bodies. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of the applied acid mine drainage purification system and identify the parameters affecting the quality of treated mine water. Laboratory studies were performed using methods of flame emission spectrometry, flame atomic absorption, atomic absorption spectrometry, mass spectrometry with ionization in inductively coupled plasma, potentiometric, etc. It has been established that the existing mine drainage purification system at the Degtyarskii mine makes it possible to significantly reduce the concentrations of most toxic components of mine waters to almost standard values. At the Levikhinskii mine, the multiplicity of exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations reaches hundreds and thousands of times. To achieve a higher degree of purification, it is necessary that the duration of passive purification is sufficient for the reactant to interact with acidic waters. However, to ensure this possibility, it will require the creation of a cascade of ponds with an area of several thousand hectares. If the current two-stage system is quite effective for the Degtyarskii mine, then for Levikhinskii it is necessary to switch to the use of more modern systems, including three stages of purification.
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Date submitted2022-05-12
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Date accepted2022-09-06
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Date published2022-11-03
Morphometric parameters of sulphide ores as a basis for selective ore dressing
To assess the possibility of selective disintegration and reduction of overgrinding of hard-to-reproduce ores, optical microscopic and X-ray microtomographic studies were carried out and quantitative characteristics of morphological parameters of disseminated and rich cuprous ore samples from Norilsk-type Oktyabrsky deposit were identified. Among quantitative morphological parameters the most informative are area, perimeter, edge roughness, sphericity, elongation and average grain spacing for disseminated copper-nickel ores; area, perimeter, edge roughness and elongation for rich cuprous ores. The studied parameters are characterized by increased values and dispersion in ore zones, which is especially important for fine-grained ores, which are difficult to diagnose by optical methods. Three-dimensional modelling of the internal structure of sulphide mineralisation samples was carried out using computed X-ray microtomography, which allows observation of quantitative parameters of grains, aggregates and their distribution in the total rock volume and interrelationship with each other. The evaluation of rock pore space by computer microtomography made it possible to compare the results obtained with the strength characteristics of rocks and ores, including those on different types of crushers. The obtained quantitative characteristics of structural-textural parameters and analysis of grain size distribution of ore minerals allow us to evaluate the possibility of applying selective crushing at various stages of ore preparation
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Date submitted2022-04-12
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Date accepted2022-05-25
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Date published2022-07-26
Rare minerals of noble metals in the collection of the Mining Museum: new data
Modern analytical methods (optical and electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis) were used to study the unique samples of sulfide ores from the Norilsk ore field from the Mining Museum collections of Saint Petersburg Mining University. Samples containing rare minerals of silver and platinum-group metals (sobolevskite, urvantsevite, sperrylite, argentopentlandite, froodite, kotulskite, and others) were studied. The chemical composition, grain sizes, aggregates, and mineral associations of more than ten noble metal minerals have been refined. The efficiency of combining various methods of electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis for studying samples of this type is shown. The results of the work made it possible to obtain high-quality images of rare minerals, to detail information on museum objects, and to compile their scientific description. The conducted research showed the relevance of studying museum objects from known deposits of complex genesis and mineral composition in order to find and describe the samples with rare minerals.
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Date submitted2021-06-15
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Date accepted2021-10-18
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Date published2021-12-16
Study on hydrometallurgical recovery of copper and rhenium in processing of substandard copper concentrates
- Authors:
- Denis S. Lutskiy
- Aleksander S. Ignatovich
Over the past decade, there has been a steady growth in demand for rare metals, with rhenium being one of the most highly demanded, but also one of the most expensive and difficult to obtain. The high demand for rhenium is due to its use as a key component of metallurgical alloys or as a component of catalysts used in the oil refining industry. The aggregate of facts causes profitability of processing of the rhenium-containing mineral resources, which also are the copper substandard concentrates obtained at processing of the Zhezkazgan sandstones. The study focuses on the processes of extraction of copper and sorption recovery of rhenium from solutions of ammonia leaching of copper substandard concentrates. Model solutions similar in the elemental composition to solutions of ammonia leaching solutions of copper substandard concentrates obtained during the processing of Zhezkazgan sandstones were used as an object of the study. The paper estimates extraction characteristics of copper recovery using LIX 84-I solution in kerosene, as well as sorption characteristics of the rhenium recovery process using the Purolite PPA100 anion exchanger. Based on the obtained characteristics the possibility of hydrometallurgical processing of ammonia leaching solutions of substandard copper-sulfide concentrates, and recovery of the obtained commercial products is shown.
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Date submitted2020-09-10
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Date accepted2020-11-25
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Date published2021-06-24
Formation conditions of noble metal mineralization in sulfide cobalt-copper-nickel ores of Kamchatka (on the example of Annabergitovaya Schel ore occurrence)
The authors present research results, the purpose of which is to study the specifics of noble metal mineralization and its genesis in sulfide cobalt-copper-nickel ores of the Kamchatka nickel-bearing province. The paper is dedicated to one of its many ore occurrences called Annabergitovaya Schel (Annabergite Gap). The material composition of platinoid, silver, gold, bismuth and tellurium minerals, as well as sulfarsenides in the ores of this occurrence was investigated. Based on the data of mineral formation sequence and the use of geosensors, conclusions were drawn regarding the genesis of noble metal mineralization. Formation of platinoid minerals, silver and gold at the Annabergitovaya Schel ore occurrence is mainly associated with the epigenetic effect of post-ore granitoids on ore-bearing intrusion rocks of the Dukuk complex of the cortlandite-norite formation and on syngenetic ores. An early association of noble metal minerals is represented by sperrylite, irarsite, and rare unnamed phases of Pt + Ir + Te. Irarsite and Pt + Ir + Te phases were formed at the contact-metasomatic stage. Sperrylite can be assumed to be of magmatic origin. Silver sulfides and tellurides, silver and palladium bismuth tellurides, and native gold were formed at the late, hydrothermal-metasomatic, stage. The occurrence conditions of mineral parageneses, associated with noble metal mineralization, correspond to the formation of shallow-depth metasomatic rocks (≤5 km). Sub-developed quartz-feldspar metasomatites, associated with the formation of early platinoid arsenides and sulfarsenides, are in equilibrium with circumneutral solutions (pH of 4.5-6.5) at temperatures of 350-600 °C. Late hydrothermal association with Pd, Ag and Au minerals is close to propylites and was formed at pH values of 4.5-6.5 and temperature of 150-350 °C.
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Date submitted2020-06-10
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Date accepted2020-11-19
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Date published2021-04-26
Influence of jarosite precipitation on iron balance in heap bioleaching at Monywa copper mine
Ferric iron is an important oxidant in sulfide ore bioleaching. However, recirculating leach liquors leads to excess iron accumulation, which interferes with leaching kinetics and downstream metal recovery. We developed a method for controlling iron precipitation as jarosite to reduce excess iron in heap bioleaching at Monywa copper mine. Jarosite precipitation was first simulated and then confirmed using batch column tests. From the simulations, the minimum pH values for precipitation of potassium jarosite, hydronium jarosite, and natrojarosite at 25 °C are 1.4, 1.6, and 2.7, respectively; the minimum concentrations of potassium, sulfate, ferric, and sodium ions are 1 mM, 0.54, 1.1, and 3.2 M, respectively, at 25 °C and pH 1.23. Column tests indicate that potassium jarosite precipitation is preferential over natrojarosite. Moreover, decreased acidity (from 12 to 8 g/L), increased temperature (from 30 to 60 °C), and increased potassium ion concentration (from 0 to 5 g/L) increase jarosite precipitation efficiency by 10, 5, and 6 times, respectively. Jarosite precipitation is optimized by increasing the irrigating solution pH to 1.6. This approach is expected to reduce the operating cost of heap bioleaching by minimizing the chemicals needed for neutralization, avoiding the need for tailing pond construction, and increasing copper recovery.
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Date submitted2019-05-02
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Date accepted2019-07-09
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Date published2019-10-23
Effect of Temperature on Solid-state Hydride Metal Synthesis According to Thermodynamic Modeling
Thermodynamic modeling of the reduction of copper dichloride in the media of various gaseous hydrides (ammonia, monosilane, methane) in the temperature range 273-1000 K was carried out. Calculations show that in narrower temperature ranges corresponding to the reactions of solid-state hydride synthesis (SHS) of metal sub- stances metal formation is usually supported by theoretical propositions. As a result of thermodynamic modeling, a principal result was obtained on the suppression of competing processes of nitriding, siliconizing and carbonization of metal under SHS conditions, which is important for metallurgical production. This additionally substantiates the correctness of previous experimental studies of SHS metals with modified surface and improved properties. By mod- eling, it was found that the reduction of solid copper dichloride to metal in ammonia or methane occurs stepwise (se- quentially, according to the Baykov rule) through the intermediate stages of the formation of a compound of low- valent copper – copper (I)chloride.
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Date submitted2018-05-14
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Date accepted2018-07-15
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Date published2018-10-24
Experience of Integrated use of gold-bearing raw material in the production of precious metals
- Authors:
- V. V. Zhmurova
- N. V. Nemchinova
With the depletion of rich gold-bearing ores, the processing started to use polymetallic ores, which, in addition to precious metals, contain other elements that could be valuable after recovery. The problem of using such ores is extremely difficult because of the high cost of recovery of associated valuable components. The paper presents the results of studies on the integrated use of extracted gold-bearing raw materials based on the example of the Berezitovoye deposit (Amurskaya oblast), they have low content of precious metals and many heavy non-ferrous metals (copper, lead). Experimental work was carried out to obtain copper by the method of cementation from solutions formed after the leaching of the impurities of gold-containing cathode deposits with hydrochloric acid. The cementing metal was iron turnings (waste products of the turning shop of the enterprise). Next, it was proposed to use cemented copper as a collector during re-melting of slags – wastes of processing of low-grade polymetallic ores containing precious metals. The authors obtained ingots of alloyed gold with gold weight fraction of 16 %, which meets the requirements of TU 117-2-7-75 on the content of non-ferrous metals. During hydrochloric acid treatment of cathodic deposits silver partially passed into the solution, it was recovered together with cemented copper and, in subsequent melting, passed into alloyed gold. Thus, the method proposed by the authors helps to reduce the content of precious metals in the «incomplete production cycle» of the gold recovery factory. The opportunity of selling the cementation copper at the enterprises specializing on manufacturing of jewels is shown; the expected economic effect at the same time amounted to more than 1.8 million rubles.
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Date submitted2018-05-16
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Date accepted2018-07-22
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Date published2018-10-24
Extraction of copper, cobalt and nickel ions from aqueous solutions by extractant CYANEX 272
- Authors:
- L. A. Voropanova
- V. P. Pukhova
The extractant CYANEX 272, which active component is di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid (C 8 H 17 ) 2 POOH, is effective for extraction of copper (II), cobalt (II) and nickel (II) ions. The extraction of metal ions using di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid as an extractant is carried out due to the formation of an organophosphorus complex with wide pH range: copper at pH > 2, cobalt at pH > 3, and nickel at pH > 5. They are extracted with an organic phase: copper at pH = 3-7, cobalt at pH = 4-7, and nickel at pH = 6-9, and precipitate in the organophosphorus compound: copper at pH > 7, cobalt at pH ≥ 8, and nickel at pH ≥ 10. The possibility of separation of copper (II) and cobalt (II) is insignificant, the stripping of copper (II) and nickel (II) happens at pH = 4-6, and the stripping of cobalt (II) and any of nickel (II) – at pH = 5-6. The obtained results of ion extraction of the investigated metals can be used not only for processing of technological solutions, but also for purification of effluents from industrial enterprises and mine waters, heap and underground leaching solutions, etc. from the ions of studied metal ions.
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Date submitted2015-10-25
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Date accepted2015-12-04
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Date published2016-08-22
Regularities of selenium and chromium behavior in redox processes during hydrometallurgic treatment of solid phase products of rhenium extraction
- Authors:
- G. V. Petrov
- M. I. Kalashnikova
- S. B. Fokina
The main source of selenium is copper anode slime. But during the pyrometallurgical treatment of sulphide polymetallic ores significant amount of selenium along with radiogenic osmium and rhenium is concentrated in the solid-phase products of acid wash extraction and cannot be extracted, as gets lost with discharged chromium-containing solutions of osmium stage. The paper presents results of research into selenium reduction in the chromium-containing sulfuric acid medium by sulfurous gas and sodium sulphite. The use of the above reducers in optimum conditions leads to almost complete recovery of selenium (VI) while selenium (IV) extraction rate is not exceeding 60 %. The chrome (III) present in solutions has no impact on the selenium extraction rate. Chrome (VI) is almost completely reduced to a trivalent state, thus its negative impact on subsequent rhenium sorption from solutions purified from selenium is excluded. In view of a high rate of selenium extraction from chromium-containing sulfuric acid solutions formed in the process of radiogenic osmium production using sulfurous gas and sodium sulphite, choice of a method for selenium reduction is to a great extent dependent on the company’s profile.
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Date submitted2014-10-15
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Date accepted2014-12-23
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Date published2015-08-25
Nickel electrolyte purification from ferrum (III) and copper (II) impurities by extraction using a mixture of oleic acid and triethanolamine
- Authors:
- L. A. Voropanova
- N. T. Kisiev
The conditions of the selective and joint extraction of copper and ferrum impurities from a nickel electrolyte by extraction using a mixture of oleic acid and trietanolamine in kerosene were determined: extraction Fe (III) at 3 < рН ≤ 4, 1 ≤ В:О ≤ 4 and t = 40 °C; extraction Cu (II) at 5 ≤ рН ≤ 6, 1 < В:О ≤ 4 and t = 40 °C; joint extraction of copper and ferrum at рН = 5-6, 1 ≤ В:О ≤ 4 and t = 40 °C. The process flow sheet of selective extraction of ferrum and copper from a nickel electrolyte by extraction using a mixture of oleic acid and triethanolamine in kerosene is given.
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Date submitted2009-09-24
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Date accepted2009-11-08
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Date published2010-06-25
Influence of extra-linguistic factors on the old english mining terminology formation in ancient times
- Authors:
- P. V. Borisova
The article represents historical limits of periods of the English mining terminology formation. On the basis of extra-linguistic data there has been made an attempt to find the terms which became the foundation for the English mining terminology as a scientific sublanguage.
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Date submitted2009-08-07
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Date accepted2009-10-14
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Date published2010-02-01
Calculation of material streams of the pirometallurgical cycle of processing of copper sulphidic raw materials
- Authors:
- N. V. Danilova
The technology pirometallurgical a cycle of processing of copper sulphidic materials is considered. The technology includes autogenous fusion in furnaces Vanjukova, converting copper steins and copper refinement. The primary goals of drawing up of model and the accepted assumptions are described. The equations of system of model are balance expressions for each of material streams. Expressions for calculation of material streams pirometallurgical a cycle of processing of copper sulphidic raw materials are found.
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Date submitted2009-08-16
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Date accepted2009-10-02
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Date published2010-02-01
Study of the opening of copper presence electrolytic slimes of the copper production
- Authors:
- S. A. Modestova
The methods of processing the electrolytic slimes of copper production are examined. The process of the autoclave oxidizing leaching of copper slime is investigated. It is established that the autoclave opening ensures the selective transfer into the solution of nonferrous metals and concentration in the cakes of the leaching of noble metals.