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Date submitted2002-08-24
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Date accepted2002-09-02
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Date published2003-11-13
International experience in using the results of scientific and technological progress to strengthen environmental security
- Authors:
- V. N. Volovich
- V. F. Erygina
- S. A. Tertyshnyi
Strengthening the environmental security of any country is directly linked to how the results of scientific and technological progress (STP) are used in the sectors of the national economy and, above all, in the extractive industries and knowledge-intensive production sectors. All this requires a significant increase in both public and private investment. In world practice, there is a positive experience of using the results of STI, which in modern conditions not only determines the level of competitiveness of the national economy, but also contributes to the strengthening of environmental security. Similar experience should be fully used by the Russian state. A comparative analysis of the economies of the fifteen largest world trading powers has shown that innovation and innovation are one of the main sources of competitive power on the world stage. Insensitivity of the Russian economy to innovation is one of the causes of technological and economic lag. In recent years the ecological factor has become important in ensuring the international competitiveness of goods. The combination of stricter environmental standards and fiercer competition on the global market makes it necessary to use the principles of pollution prevention in conjunction with environmental self-monitoring in the development of new products.
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Date submitted2002-08-25
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Date accepted2002-09-14
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Date published2003-11-13
Model for the formation of effective forms of ownership in the coal industry
- Authors:
- M. I. Shchadov
Restructuring of coal industry in conditions of new energy policy of Russia requires dynamic changes in structure of management and effective forms of ownership of enterprises depending on phases of microeconomic development and dynamics of economic indicators, which is shown on the proposed model and forecast of the coal market in the long-term planning (2005-2020).
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Date submitted2002-08-20
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Date accepted2002-09-07
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Date published2003-11-13
The system of state control in the Russian Federation: organizational and legal issues
- Authors:
- A. M. Tarasov
The problems of formation, development and modern state of state control in Russia in the post-Soviet period and its legal provision in accordance with the constitutional principle of separation of powers are considered. The following types of state control are distinguished and analyzed: presidential control, control of legislative, executive and judicial authorities. Special attention is given to the control functions of the Human Rights Ombudsman in the Russian Federation. The need to streamline the system of state control bodies, excluding duplication of functions and supported by an appropriate legal framework, is indicated.
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Date submitted2002-08-05
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Date accepted2002-09-06
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Date published2003-11-13
State control in the Soviet period: its essence and stages of development
- Authors:
- A. M. Tarasov
The article deals with the organizational structure, legal basis, forms and methods of state control in the period 1917-1991. Eight stages of control systems development in the USSR are distinguished, their peculiarities in connection with the political and economic situation in the country are analyzed. It is shown that the main dominant feature of numerous reorganizations of the system of state control in all periods was the desire for its universality, totality (spreading to all types and forms of state administration and economic activity) under the aegis of party bodies.
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Date submitted2002-08-02
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Date accepted2002-09-28
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Date published2003-11-13
Management of production capacity as the most important aspect of improving the efficiency of coal production
- Authors:
- L. N. Repin
The analysis of the dynamics of the main technical and economic indicators of production and economic activity of coal mining enterprises in Russia in the course of the first stage of the restructuring of the industry was carried out. Quantitative relationships between the level of production capacity utilization, personnel labor productivity and the cost of coal mining at the largest enterprises of the country were established.
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Date submitted2002-08-01
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Date accepted2002-09-25
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Date published2003-11-13
Systematization of regional coal markets in Russia according to the degree of monopolization
- Authors:
- L. N. Repin
The basic principles of systematization of market segments according to the degree of concentration and monopolization are stated. The analysis of 86 regional coal markets of Russia by the coefficient of market concentration and Herfindahl-Hirschman index is carried out. It has been established that there are two types of markets on the territory of Russia: with a moderate and high degree of concentration. Highly concentrated markets account for 57.3% of the total consumption of coal, while moderately concentrated markets account for 42.7%. There are no coal markets with a low degree of concentration.
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Date submitted2002-08-02
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Date accepted2002-09-12
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Date published2003-11-13
Decision support system for risk management of environmentally negative events, accidents and disasters of man-made nature
The structure of the decision support system (DSSS) for the management of man-made environmental risks is presented. The basis of the developed DSS is a software package that implements mathematical and information-analytical models of the environmental dynamics of the industrial region and models of possible environmental protection measures. The considered tool can be used, in particular, for generation of scenarios of development of the ecological situation in conditions of insufficient provision with statistical data, forecasting of ecologically negative events, large accidents and catastrophes. One of the possible directions of use of the offered product is its application in ecological insurance for improvement of the corresponding normative base and calculation of insurance tariffs.
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Date submitted2002-08-22
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Date accepted2002-09-22
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Date published2003-11-13
Enhancing production efficiency in the coal industry based on improving the economic mechanism of the rational use of mineral resources
- Authors:
- N. Ya. Lobanov
- E. A. Kuklina
- M. A. Nevskaya
In the conditions of market economy, the increase of efficiency of production in the mining industry is possible on the basis of perfection and development of the economic mechanism of rational use of mineral resources. One of the main objects of research in this case is the tax system, which is explained by its key importance for the effective process of development of the potential of mineral resources. The most important direction of improving the tax system in the mining industry is the transition to the rent principle of taxation, allowing to link the taxes transferred by mining enterprises to the budget, with the economic efficiency of mining production. Recommendations on improving the taxation system for enterprises of the Russian coal industry have been developed. They are used for economic assessment of the project of development and technical re-equipment of mines of the Vorkuta industrial district for the period up to 2015.
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Date submitted2002-08-26
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Date accepted2002-09-02
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Date published2003-11-13
Justification of priority directions of oil and gas resources development in the region on the basis of geological and economic assessment
- Authors:
- A. A. Ilinskii
- N. V. Pashkevich
The problems of forming a strategy for the development of oil and gas resources are considered. The criteria for assessing the economic effect of oil and gas resources development at the level of local objects, oil and gas complexes, regions and districts, oil and gas provinces and the country as a whole are proposed. Conducted a systematic analysis and forecast of the impact of factors that determine the economic value and profitability of the development of oil and gas resources, territories and water areas of the country. Technical prerequisites and priority directions of scientific and technological progress for oil and gas regions of Russia are substantiated.
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Date submitted2002-08-26
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Date accepted2002-09-26
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Date published2003-11-13
On the need to build a new economic model of relations between the state, producers and consumers of energy resources
- Authors:
- Yu. R. Vyakhirev
Improvement of competitiveness of fuel and energy complex companies should be provided through the implementation of a system of organizational and technological measures that contribute to building a new economic model of relations between the state, producers and consumers of energy resources. A well-considered state resource-energy-saving policy is not only a source of resources for the development of the country's economy, but also simultaneously a means of encouraging organizational and technological renewal of production.
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Date submitted2002-08-01
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Date accepted2002-09-24
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Date published2003-11-13
Inventory of secondary mineral resources in the system of rational subsoil use
- Authors:
- P. V. Berezovskii
At present the problems of the most complete accounting and systematic evaluation of secondary mineral resources are acute. The cadastre is a method of accounting and evaluation, which must meet modern administrative and economic conditions. Analysis of the existing cadastres of natural resources in Russia shows that they do not meet these requirements. It is necessary to make a cadastre of natural resources according to the territorial principle. Natural resources in such a cadastre must be accounted for by objects and unified classification units adopted for each type of natural resource. The cadastre of secondary mineral resources should become an integral part of the cadastre of natural resources.
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Date submitted2000-10-07
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Date accepted2000-11-09
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Date published2001-12-28
The problem of environmental safety in the transition economy of Russia
- Authors:
- V. N. Volovich
The problem of environmental security, as any scientific problem, requires research and disclosure of the essence and content of the very concept of environmental security. Currently, neither in economic nor in other scientific literature there is no clear definition of this concept. Environmental security as a problem can be successfully solved only in the transition from spontaneous nature management to a consciously managed one. Hence the formulation of the main task: the study and research of the natural environment as an object of socio-economic management as an integral part of the economic security of the Russian state.
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Date submitted2000-10-11
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Date accepted2000-11-05
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Date published2001-12-28
Methodological problems of oil and gas resources development strategy formation on the basis of their geological and economic evaluation
- Authors:
- A. A. Ilinskii
- N. V. Pashkevich
The general problems of oil and gas resources development strategy formation are considered. The experience and methodological approaches used in strategy formation on the basis of geological and economic assessment of oil and gas resources in modern economic conditions are analyzed. An approach to the allocation of objects of resource assessment, taking into account the stages of resource development and heterogeneity of natural and economic conditions of development of forecast resources is proposed. The scheme of economic evaluation of resources is substantiated. The criteria for assessing the economic effect of oil and gas resources development at the level of local objects, oil and gas bearing complexes, regions and districts, oil and gas bearing provinces and the country as a whole are proposed.
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Date submitted2000-10-04
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Date accepted2000-11-25
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Date published2001-12-28
Safety analysis and practice of reducing environmental risks of accidents in trunk pipeline transportation
- Authors:
- A. M. Kozlitin
- A. I. Popov
- P. A. Kozlitin
As a result of the conducted research, the safety analysis of the trunk pipeline transportation operation was performed on the basis of environmental risk assessment, determined on the basis of diagnostic efficiency, preventive measures, taking into account the impact of terrain and the mass of accidental oil release. Analysis of environmental risks of accidental oil release allowed to identify the most dangerous sections of the trunk pipeline, to develop engineering measures for environmental protection, consisting in installation of additional locking devices, creation of additional "barns" for oil collection, bunding of the territory.
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Date submitted2000-10-18
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Date accepted2000-11-22
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Date published2001-12-28
Improving the efficiency of environmental management in the development of mineral deposits
- Authors:
- N. Ya. Lobanov
- E. A. Kuklina
- M. A. Nevskaya
The problem of rational use of natural resources and environmental protection in the mining and processing of minerals is considered as a task of improving the efficiency of environmental management, which is explained by the importance of this problem for the stabilization of economic development of the country and the formation of prerequisites for economic growth. The realization of a rational approach to nature management in the conditions of market relations is based on the financial and investment strategy, which assumes the possibility of using the financial resources of the trust fund, formed at the expense of deductions of subjects of nature management from the natural rent.
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Date submitted2000-10-18
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Date accepted2000-11-03
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Date published2001-12-28
Modeling scenarios of environmental dynamics of the region and calculation of environmental insurance tariffs
The paper presents the structure of a software package aimed at modeling the environmental dynamics of an industrial region. The tool under consideration is supposed to be used, in particular, for generating scenarios of environmental situation development in conditions of insufficient statistics when forecasting environmentally negative events, major accidents and disasters. One of the possible uses of the proposed product is its application in environmental insurance to improve the relevant regulatory framework and the calculation of insurance tariffs.
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Date submitted2000-10-05
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Date accepted2000-11-09
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Date published2001-12-28
Economic and legal aspects of management of the mineral and raw materials complex
- Authors:
- N. V. Pashkevich
- A. A. Ilinskii
The basic provisions and principles of substantiation of the strategy of rational resource consumption and resource conservation in the system of reforming the mineral and raw materials complex of the country are formulated. Modern conceptual approaches to the formation of the system of state regulation and support of rational subsoil use are analyzed. Priority directions of improving the management of the mineral and raw materials complex of the country are considered. Recommendations for changing the taxation system of enterprises of mineral and raw materials complex, stimulating rational subsoil use are substantiated.