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Date submitted2008-08-12
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Date accepted2008-10-26
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Date published2009-03-20
Problem of organic wastes and veritechnology as a variant of its solution in the Republic of Mordovia
- Authors:
- S. V. Kovshov
The article studies waste disposal problem. A special attention is paid to organic waste treatment in the Republic of Mordovia. Verminous technology, which means organic waste processing by earthworms, is offered as one of prospective solutions and a complex system is created to control waste reclamation.
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Date submitted2008-08-21
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Date accepted2008-10-16
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Date published2009-03-20
Increase of efficiency of methods of sludge pits reclamation
- Authors:
- M. M. Malyshkin
One of the most critical environmental problems of the oil industry in Russia is contamination with drilling waste that has a negative impact on the living conditions of people, animals and plants. The paper offers techniques to reclaim drilling mud sumps and enhancing their efficiency. Drilling mud sumps are pits dug on the territory of drilling sites and filled with drilling waste. The problem with reclamation of drilling mud sumps can be solved through forest recultivation, i.e. planting trees over the sumps. In order to further enhance recultivation it is offered to use carboxymethyl cellulose, which will create a protective coating on the seed surface, and to perform engineering recultivation before planting seeds.
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Date submitted2008-08-09
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Date accepted2008-10-29
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Date published2009-03-20
Development of the automated system of justification of criteria for training and recreational reclamation at mining and processing plants
- Authors:
- V. V. Cheskidov
- Yu. V. Kirichenko
Automation is currently the most critical issue in the mining sector. Absence of a clearlydefined system of classification and accounting of disturbed lands results in difficulties of their reclamation. In order to solve this problem it is offered to develop an automated system to justify criteria for educational and recreational reclamation at mining and processing plants.
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Date submitted2008-08-03
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Date accepted2008-10-28
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Date published2009-03-20
Comparative characterization of heavy metals content in bottom sediments of the northern part of the Gulf of Finland (Kotka, Gogland, Vysotsk)
- Authors:
- T. V. Bodryakov
- E. A. Sinkova
- N. B. Malysheva
Industrial development of coastal cities and ports renders significant influence on the geological and environmental conditions in the offshore zones and results in formation of complex manmade sediments, which are usually characterized by anomalously high contents of toxic and heavy metals, petroleum products and other compounds having adverse impact on vegetation, animals and humans. The paper presents a comparative characteristic of heavy metal content (copper, zinc, nickel, lead, etc.) in bottom sediments in the northern part of the Gulf of Finland in order to assess the degrees of pollutant concentration and occurrence forms as well as conditions of their migration.
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Date submitted2007-07-06
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Date accepted2007-09-20
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Date published2008-03-17
Monitoring and development of methods of oil sludge pits reclamation
- Authors:
- M. M. Malyshkin
- M. A. Pashkevich
One of the largest environmental problems of the oil industry in Russia is drilling waste contamination, that has negative impact on the living conditions of the people, animals and plants. Drill return sumps are pits on the territory of drilling sites, filled with drilling waste. The problem of drill return sumps recultivation can be solved using the local tree crops and drilling wastage skillfully employed as growth-stimulating substance alongside with drill return sumps amelioration. This gives us a possibility of developing of a conceptually new scientific and methodical base of forest recultivation on the disturbed lands.
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Date submitted2007-07-21
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Date accepted2007-09-20
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Date published2008-03-17
Mechanism of pollution of soil and vegetation cover in the zone of influence of enterprises of aluminum industry
- Authors:
- M. A. Kulikova
Effect of metallurgy enterprises at a soil-vegetable cover grows up every year. As the result the soil fertility falls, heavy metals pollute the soil cover etc. Emissions are the central source of heavy metals hitting on the soil cover. Heavy metals hit into the soil with atmospheric precipitation and accumulate there. Litochemical areas form so. The aim of our researches is implementing of the soil-vegetable monitoring in a zone of influence of enterprise «Sevuralboksitruda» while the ecological department of enterprise doesn’t realize a real control.
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Date submitted2007-07-02
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Date accepted2007-09-27
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Date published2008-03-17
Assessment and reduction of technogenic load in the zone of influence of oilfields of LLC RN-YUGANSKNEFTEGAZ
- Authors:
- M. V. Kozhevnikova
The aim of research: an assessment of technogenic changes of components of the natural environment in the impact zone of petrocrafts. Research problems: revealing technogenic transformations to the natural environment in the zone of direct technogenic influences (DTI) and outside of it; an assessment of technogenic variability of geosystems; development of protection of an environment actions on decrease technogenic loadings. The results of researches: the estimation of a condition of components of the natural environment in the impact zone of petrocrafts for the first time carried out; modelling emergency flood of oil carried out.
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Date submitted2007-07-17
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Date accepted2007-09-18
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Date published2008-03-17
Use of long-lived solidifying foams for protection of working spaces from dust and gas explosions
- Authors:
- Yu. D. Smirnov
Mining is closely connected with the impact of mankind on the environment for the purpose of supply with primary resources. In SPMI laboratory under the direction of prof. Y. V. Shuvalov series of measures aimed at protection of environment from harmful impact of technological processes during open-cast mining and underground operation of coal, which is nowadays the most popular power resource are carried out. In future coal will be one of the main resource, as it’s supply may satisfy the needs of all branches of industry for a long period. These researches were done with support from Saint-Petersburg Government, US CRDF, RF Ministry of Education and Science and REC-015 at SPMI, Russia.
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Date submitted2007-07-27
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Date accepted2007-09-11
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Date published2008-03-17
Analysis of ecological situation in the zone of influence of the large cement plant and technical solution for its improvement
- Authors:
- N. N. Safarova
- Yu. P. Sorokin
In given clause the analysis of an ecological situation in a zone of influence of cement works is made, and also the technical decision on its improvement is offered. Development of deposit marl in the open way renders adverse influence on vegetative and fauna. The woods which are being with a factory special nature protection, sanitary-and-hygienic, antierosion and soil-protective functions, but the main function carry out ability of clarification of atmospheric air from a dust, gases and others polluting. The special place is given to the main problem rekultivation the broken grounds. Rekultivation territories careers becomes complicated presence of a complex relief, absence of a vegetative ground and fresh water, weak security and other resources. Special difficulty is represented with restoration of vegetation on abrupt slopes, high multistage careers.
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Date submitted2007-07-26
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Date accepted2007-09-30
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Date published2008-03-17
Analysis of oil sludge using amperometric ion-selective electrodes
- Authors:
- K. O. Kunakov
- M. V. Kryuchkov
The article offers a new technique to analyze composition of oil muds and describes basic principles of this technique.
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Date submitted2007-07-30
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Date accepted2007-09-09
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Date published2008-03-17
Microbial surfactants and rhodococcus – facts and possibilities
- Authors:
- Susanne Niescher
The paper describes possible applications of surfactants of microbial origin (Rhodococcusbiosurfactants) for hydrocarbon neutralization.
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Date submitted2007-07-11
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Date accepted2007-09-25
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Date published2008-03-17
Experimental researches for the reduction of the noxes during the burning of pit coal from Jiu Valley – Romania
- Authors:
- Ciolea Daniela Ionela
The paper summarizes the results of measurements made on a pilot liquefied bed combustion plant used in a pilot activity while operating on mine coal in the Ju Valley. Flue gas desulphurization and overall flue gas cleaning has become a major concern for many users of combustion plants with pollutant emissions in the last quarter of the century.
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Date submitted2007-07-18
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Date accepted2007-09-08
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Date published2008-03-17
Biodegradation of PAHs, PCBs and PHC in sediments from the manmade water course of Černý příkop in the municipal territory of the Ostrava city (Czech republic)
The paper deals with biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls and petroleum hydrocarbons in sediment samples from Černí Pršíkop. Bottom sediments from Černí Pršíkop represent a significant environmental load on the territory of the city of Ostrava, they are contaminated with a wide range of organic substances. Standard pure bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas putidaa Rhodococcus sp. were used for biodegradation. The data obtained should be in accordance with the data specified in Act N°294/2005 Coll. on the conditions for land filling and surface utilization of waste.
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Date submitted2007-07-09
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Date accepted2007-09-02
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Date published2008-03-17
Integrated monitoring of the impact of Severonickel Combine on the natural environment
- Authors:
- M. V. Parshina
- D. S. Korelskii
The research presented at paper carried out in area of Monchegorsk and directed on definition of mechanisms and an estimation of infringement and pollution level of an environment during industrial activity of factory «Severonikel». Results of research of transformation degree and migration probability of polluting components from waste on the open area solid wastes storage due to hypergenic processes are presented. Тhe high acid potential of solid wastes is proved and it at rather small volumes infiltration waters causes significant damage to the superficial waters because of global issue. Damaged water is an unique source of drinking water supply in area of Monchegorsk. Also in work the system of monitoring and an estimation of a soil-vegetative cover condition in forest ecosystems impacted by factory «Severonikel» is offered.
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Date submitted2006-08-14
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Date accepted2006-10-26
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Date published2007-04-11
Justification of rational parameters of perspective technological schemes of layer mining of thick hollow coal seams
- Authors:
- D. Yu. Nikishin
- D. V. Osminin
Perspective technological schemes of layer mining of thick gentle seams of Kuzbass are analyzed. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the influence of the 2nd layer overworking when determining the ultimate capacity of the interlayer coal bundle. Analytical studies of stress-strain state of the overworked massif have been carried out. The dimensions of the zones of unstrengthened coal have been determined and recommendations for determining the ultimate thickness of the protective bundle have been given.
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Date submitted2006-08-26
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-04-11
Acoustic requirements for constructions in central Europe
- Authors:
- Pavel Oravec
- Zdeněk Galda
- Kateřina Kubenková
Noise is one of the most widespread harmful substances in the working and living environment. It has become a problem in recent times, when the development of industry and transportation has reached an unusual acceleration.
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Date submitted2006-08-19
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Date accepted2006-10-02
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Date published2007-04-11
Nitrification of high ammonia concentrations in membrane bioreactors - microbiological aspect
- Authors:
- Anna Raszka
- Joanna Surmacz-Górska
Activated sludge-based wastewater treatment is known to be one of the most effective and popular methods of wastewater treatment. Activated sludge, which is a mixture of microorganisms, is an excellent material for research both in the field of microbiology and technology, which allows finding a way to efficiently utilize various chemicals. This study investigates temporal changes in the microbial community on the membranes of bioreactor bioreactors of wastewater treatment plants whose wastewater contains large amounts of ammonia nitrogen. Knowledge of species composition and its variability over time in response to environmental factors is important from both microbial ecology and technological perspectives. The aim of this study was to compare the composition of the activated sludge community at two different sludge ages. The analysis was performed to assess the abundance of the main species and the structure of the bacterial community, mainly using ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria as examples. The aim of the short report is to familiarize the reader with the problems of increasing loads of nitrogen compounds due to various anthropogenic activities. It is clear that protecting our water resources is of great importance on a global scale.
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Date submitted2006-08-03
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Date accepted2006-10-07
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Date published2007-04-11
Environmental effect of air/fuel staging and flue gas recirculation on NOx formation - experimental and numerical analysis
- Authors:
- Poskart Monika
- Lech Szecówka
This paper includes both experimental and modeling studies of nitrogen oxides abatement. The tests were carried out in a quartz combustion chamber using laboratory equipment that allows measuring all thermal and chemical parameters of the process. An experimental test rig was constructed to determine the effect of the following "primary methods" on NOx concentration reduction: air staging, afterburning and flue gas recirculation. The effect of simultaneous use of the primary methods on NOx reduction was also studied. An obligatory element of experimental studies is numerical modeling of combination processes.
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Date submitted2006-08-28
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Date accepted2006-10-21
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Date published2007-04-11
Problems of the protection of mining terrains in the mining industry of zinc and lead ores
- Authors:
- Monika Piskorz
The article characterizes the peculiarities of underground mining of zinc and lead ores and its specific results on the relief surface. On the example of mining region of Poland, the problems of detection of rupture deformations, methods of prevention and elimination of these phenomena are presented. A special problem in this region is represented by old, historical mining operations. Negative results of the former mining practices are observed even nowadays. Depletion of zinc and lead ore deposits and partly economic reasons lead to the liquidation of some mining areas. In particular, such liquidation requires safety of underground parts of the mine, equalization of water relations and reclamation of the ground surface. Mining operations within the boundaries of the region under consideration require coordination of tasks within the framework of ongoing operation and actions to establish appropriate infrastructure and management of the area.
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Date submitted2006-08-26
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Date accepted2006-10-22
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Date published2007-04-11
The directions of development as a chance for small family farms
- Authors:
- Małgorzata Mielczarek
The survey was conducted in 2004 in Radków district among family farmers. The results show that there is no single direction in the development of agriculture. There are family farms with organic, integrated and traditional production methods, which coexist with each other. Agricultural activities account for 1/3 of the degradation of the natural environment in the region. The authorities are required to support pro-environmental activities and link the future of the region to the development of agro-tourism and organic food production.
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Date submitted2006-08-23
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Date accepted2006-10-10
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Date published2007-04-11
The pharmaceuticals removal by means of AOPs
Recent studies of the aquatic environment have revealed the presence of drugs in sewage treatment plant effluents, treated wastewater and surface water, which means incomplete metabolism of drugs in the human body. These substances, both in unchanged form and in the form of biologically active forms, are present in the environment and affect living organisms. Most pharmaceuticals are characterized by a stable chemical structure, and it is not possible to remove them by conventional methods used in wastewater treatment plants. Thus, the danger of accumulation of drugs over many years appears to be real. Chemical methods are required for their removal from the environment. Methods based on ad valorem oxidation processes (AOPs) utilize free hydroxyl radicals that react non-selectively with many organic substances due to their high normal potential. AOPs include chemical and photochemical oxidation processes, such as ozone and hydrogen peroxide oxidation, photochemical dissociation by ultraviolet radiation, Fenton reactions (hydrogen peroxide - divalent iron ion system) and photochemical Fenton reaction, as well as combinations and modifications of these processes.
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Date submitted2006-08-20
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Date accepted2006-10-19
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Date published2007-04-11
Feasibility study of CO2 storage in closed coal mines
- Authors:
- Marcin A. Lutyński
- Piotr Sakiewicz
Increasing demand for energy leads to an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. The most dangerous greenhouse gas is carbon dioxide, whose emissions will double in the next 20 years. The paper presents the concept and feasibility study of CO2 storage in abandoned coal mines as one of the methods of CO2 sequestration. The main advantages of this method are: close location to the source of emissions, low cost of storage, high capacity of abandoned mine workings as well as remaining coal seams. The main obstacles to the realization of this method are: gas migration to the surface as a result of former mining operations and flooding of mines, proper sealing of all surface connections (shafts, adits, etc.), gas leakage over a long period of time and material stability in aggressive environment. The paper presents the concept of high pressure CO2 storage and the CO2 storage regime in a coal mine.
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Date submitted2006-08-25
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Date accepted2006-10-08
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Date published2007-04-11
Specific support actions which improve researcher’s mobility as examples of projects carrying out at the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Poland
- Authors:
- Maria Galuszko
Poland's membership in the European Union means new challenges for the country and Polish universities, including the Silesian University of Technology, which is actively involved in cooperation with the countries of the European Union. Within the 5th Framework Program 18 projects were implemented, and 17 projects are being implemented within the 6th Framework Program. Two of them, the ECOnetus project and the ERA-MORE project, are presented in this article.
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Date submitted2006-08-15
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Date accepted2006-10-07
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Date published2007-04-11
Mine waste management in upper silesian coal basin (USCB)
- Authors:
- Jacek Nowak
- Aleksander Frejowski
The article discusses some issues of coal mine waste management in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Due to environmental and economic conditions, the amount of waste generated at present has decreased, while the amount of recovered or recycled waste has increased. The main uses of reclaimed waste are backfilling of mine workings, leveling works and other construction works. Old coal dumps are also reclaimed and developed for recreational functions or used as alternative sources of natural fill material. Land reclaimed as a result of spoil heaps is finding new uses because the Upper Silesia Coal Basin lacks attractive centrally located sites.
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Date submitted2006-08-17
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Date accepted2006-10-09
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Date published2007-04-11
Environmental condition of natural waters in the territory of the City of Tomsk
- Authors:
- E. Yu. Pasechnik
Cities and urban agglomerations have an active anthropogenic impact on all components of the environment, including the hydrosphere as a particularly vulnerable component of the environment. The city of Tomsk is an old industrial city, there are no isolated industrial, residential and green zones, so the pollution of natural waters on its territory is complex. The purpose of this work is to study the ecological state of natural waters of Tomsk, to identify the features of pollution and their possible sources. For this purpose, water samples were taken from various sources, as well as from the Tom and Ushayka rivers.