Vol 27 Iss. 1

The question of the role of the main branches of the mining industry and the closely related ferrous metallurgy in the First World War is of undoubted interest. Meanwhile, in the literature on mining and economics, this period has been covered less than others. The objective of this article is to show the real role of the main branches of the mining industry in the military economy of pre-revolutionary Russia. It examines - to the extent that the size of the article allows - the question of the development of the mining industry before the First World War, then during the war itself, the role of monopolies and foreign capital, military-industrial committees, the material situation of miners. Of course, these questions can be correctly illuminated only if they are taken not in isolation, but in the closest connection with the general economic state of Russia, with the socio-political situation, in a word, with the entire set of conditions for the historical development of the country.

For the proper functioning of the lifting unit, first of all, the correct operation of the main bearing lubrication must be ensured, which is carried out using two oil pumps, one of which is working and the other is a spare. The oil pumps are controlled using the oil pump switch. After the circuit of the coil 1RP is closed, its contact 1RP will close and thereby block the contact KK-0, which is open in the working positions of the command controller, ensuring the closure of the circuit of the coil 1RP until this circuit is broken by the limit switch ZVK, which is opened at the end of the lifting by the corresponding cage. When the circuit of the coil of the relay 1RP is closed, the contact of this relay 1RP, which is in the circuit of the coils of the reversing contactors B and I, will be closed. As a result, the circuit of the coils of the said reversing contactors will be closed at this point.

The movement of a train with a locomotive under mine haulage conditions is a very complex process, consisting of a number of movements of the entire system as a whole and its individual parts. In addition to the main - useful forward - movement of the train, there are a number of secondary movements of a parasitic nature. These may include, for example, the impact of cars on each other and on the locomotive, twitching of the locomotive, shaking, rocking, wobbling, rolling, etc. From a production point of view, all of the listed parasitic movements are of great importance. They directly affect the main - forward - movement and, in addition, determine the stability of the rolling stock, cause its derailment, wear of the running gear and the track, and also affect the structural elements of the track and the rolling stock as a whole. However, the study of these issues remains in its infancy even in relation to the theory of traction on the tracks of mainline railways, which has a more long-standing practice than the theory of mine haulage electric locomotive haulage. The issues of the theory of parasitic movements of rolling stock on mainline railways are considered mainly only from the point of view of their influence on the design of the track and rolling stock.

The main disadvantage of the existing methods of developing thin and medium-thick steep coal seams is the use of wooden supports in the working faces. Support of the working faces is carried out exclusively by hand and is the most dangerous, difficult and labor-intensive operation. Thus, labor costs for support, timber delivery and control of rock pressure usually make up 50 to 80% of the total labor costs in the working face (see article). A miner spends about two thirds of the net working time on support. If we also take into account timber delivery and work on managing rock pressure (installation of organ support, etc.), then the total time spent on these operations, including support, will amount to approximately 80% of the total labor costs in the working face for coal mining. In the Donbass, chipping hammers are predominantly used, which determines a significantly higher labor intensity of coal mining work. Therefore, work related to support and rock pressure control here makes up approximately 50-60% of the total labor costs in the working face. But in the future, in connection with the introduction of combines, the specific weight of these works will increase significantly and will also reach 80-85%.

In the last decade, the coal industry of the Moscow Basin has been developing rapidly. By the end of 1950, coal production in the Moscow Basin had increased threefold compared to the pre-war level. In the coming years, the growth rate of the coal industry will be significantly higher than the rates achieved during the post-war five-year plan. Mine construction is underway on a broad front in the Moscow Basin. New deposits in the western wing of the basin, located in more complex hydrogeological conditions than the deposits in the southern wing, are being developed. This article covers a number of issues related to the choice of a development system, its elements, and the method of managing rock pressure as applied to the conditions of brown coal deposits in the western wing of the Moscow Basin.

When selecting units and determining the optimal parameters of the designed machines, as well as during mass calculations during research, it is most convenient to use graphical calculation methods. Graphic works are characterized by the speed of operations, significant simplicity, high accuracy and, which is especially important when choosing options - clarity. There are many different methods of graphical calculations. One of the most common is the nomographic method, based on the graphical representation of functional dependencies. The method of vector calculations is also widely used. Cyclographic methods are used for circular functional dependencies and represent a type of vector calculations. Cyclograms are distinguished by their clarity and simplicity of construction. They can be characteristics of machines and their operating processes. The use of cyclograms is known in electrical engineering, mechanics, elasticity theory, etc. Cyclograms have not been used in transport. The proposed work shows the general principles of cyclographic calculations that can be used both for studying transport and for calculating machine elements.

The proposed work is devoted to the consideration of the conditions for introducing ventilation air into mine shafts, heated in winter by mine heating units. This refers to the suction system of mine ventilation, which is accompanied by the presence of a heating unit with its own fan and an underground heating channel at the air supply shaft. The main mine fan in such a ventilation system is located at the ventilation shaft. The work separately considers the conditions for introducing heated air into vertical and inclined mine shafts.

"In connection with the increase in the depth of development, reaching, in particular, 1000-1200 m in a number of Donbass mines, interest in the issue of natural draft is growing, especially in mines with high temperatures. Natural draft is also important from the point of view of energy conservation. For ventilation of deep mines, fans with a capacity of up to 300-400 m³/sec with an annual power consumption of about 20-30 million kWh will be installed. With such enormous energy resources required for ventilation, taking into account the depression of natural draft when choosing fans will save significant funds for the national economy. Natural draft is of particular importance when ventilating mines of metal mines located in mountainous areas. Many of them, even large ones, are ventilated exclusively by natural draft. Thus, according to measurements in January 1947, at one of the mines of the Soviet Union, with a depression of natural draft of 12.5 mm H2O in winter, 2000 m³/min of air was supplied, which fully ensured the normal operation of the mine. From the above it follows that the question of natural draft in mines is of great practical interest and its correct calculation has considerable production significance.

Asymmetric bending of the ring plate is encountered when developing designs of couplings, compensators and various corrugated elements included in the overall system to increase its elasticity. The efficiency of such plates is determined not only by their dimensions (internal and external diameters, wall thickness), but also depends to a large extent on the rigidity of the elements to which they are directly adjacent and the design of the transition from the plate to the element conjugated with it. In some cases, the method of fixing the plate along the outer contour comes closest to rigid embedment, in others it can be considered equivalent to hinged support. The main value characterizing the elasticity of the plate is the angle of rotation of the inner contour to which the external bending moment is applied. This value for the scheme with hinged support, all other things being equal, is significantly greater than for the scheme with rigid embedment. However, along with this, there is an unfavorable factor associated with a significant increase in stresses in the scheme with hinged support compared to rigid embedment. The correct solution to the problem comes down to selecting the dimensions of the elastic element in such a way as to obtain the largest angle of rotation of the internal contour at stresses not exceeding the permissible ones. For this purpose, it would be necessary to take into account the degree of rigidity of the fastening and make the calculation as for the scheme with elastic fixing.

L. V. Kantorovich proposed a new direct method for solving problems of the calculus of variations, which he called the steepest descent method. As L. V. Kantorovich showed, the method can be successfully used for the approximate solution of linear functional equations in a Hilbert space. In addition, L. V. Kantorovich applied the steepest descent method to the problem of eigenvalues ​​of completely continuous operators. In application to this problem, the method consists of the following. In this note, a proof of the convergence of the process is given without the assumption of closeness of x₀ to x*. In addition, a comparison of the steepest descent method with the known iterative method for calculating eigenvalues ​​is made, and a multi-step version of the method under consideration is investigated. In what follows, the assumption that m = 0 is not used.

Two hundred and forty years have passed since the birth of the great son of the Russian people, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, the founder of advanced Russian and world science. In Northern Pomor Rus', on the shores of the White Sea, near the town of Kholmogory, Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was born on November 19, 1711, into the peasant family of Vasily Dorofeevich and Elena Ivanovna Lomonosov, who later became the greatest Russian scientist. Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, during his short life (he died at the age of fifty-four - April 15, 1765), made so many scientific discoveries and inventions that, perhaps, in all previous world history, one cannot find another person with such bold creative daring and heroic deeds. M. V. Lomonosov was a great citizen and an ardent patriot of his homeland. As a materialist scientist, he stood much higher than his contemporaries, the materialists of the 18th century. In life and The deeds of M. V. Lomonosov embody the best features of the great Russian people.