Vol 78

The composition of the exhaust gases from the converter process allows us to judge the degree of absorption of oxygen from the blast, the burnout of metallic iron from the matte and other features of the development of physical and chemical transformations in the converter bath...

In 1971, employees of the NMMC GMOITs proposed a technology for converting mattes without adding siliceous fluxes, which, according to the authors, would reduce the output of converter slags and, in the future, process them with iron extraction...

Sands of a number of titanium deposits contain, in addition to ilmenite -FeO-TiO2, significant amounts of siderite FeCO3. During enrichment, ilmenite and siderite are separated, sending the siderite concentrate (SC), containing part of TiO2 and impurities, to the dump, and the iron-titanium concentrate (ITC) to the electric smelter for titanium slag ...

General characteristics of smelting. In the practice of heavy non-ferrous metals production, new technological processes are becoming increasingly widespread, based on improving the conditions of heat and mass transfer, using oxygen and heated blast (due to secondary energy resources) as an intensifier, and using more economical types of fuel ...

In the composition of oxidized nickel ores, nickel is found in the form of hydrated silicate minerals with a complex composition, which is usually expressed by the formula ...

Preparation of copper-nickel concentrates for electric smelting by means of their agglomerative roasting and oxidative roasting of pyrrhotite concentrates - the main operation of segregation technology of their processing - is insufficiently studied and causes great difficulties ...

Experiments on segregation roasting of pyrrhotite cakes in a laboratory tubular rotary kiln of periodic action showed the promising of this method for processing of the considered type of raw materials, so the research was continued on an enlarged laboratory scale ...

The mechanism of converter slag depletion includes the process of enlargement and sedimentation of matte droplets, the efficiency of which depends on the extraction of valuable components ...

The existing ideas about the nature and mechanism of losses of nickel and cobalt with converter slags allow us to consider that for effective depletion of slag should be created conditions that provide intensive recovery of slag components, effective coalescence of fine inclusions, the possibility of transition of recovered and separated from the slag particles containing non-ferrous metals in the phase-collector ...

At the Pavlodar aluminum smelter processed high-siliceous bauxite by a sequential method of Bayer sintering. In the near future here it is supposed to use bauxites of various deposits characterized by the increased content of carbonates ...

Studies were carried out on oxidized bismuth-containing products from a deposit in the Soviet Union in order to obtain technological data necessary for industrial evaluation of the deposit ...

For the correct choice of industrial extraction equipment it is necessary to know the rate of extraction processes.Previous studies have established the prospect of using extraction for the extraction of cobalt and nickel from layered solutions obtained during the processing of various metallurgical products ...

In the process of magnesium-thermal reduction of TiCI₄ and vacuum separation of the reaction mass, the structure of metallic titanium undergoes significant changes ...

One of the most important structural elements of the unit for continuous conversion of matte to the method of LGI - “Gipronickel” is the unit of blast supply to the melt ...

The concept of blast plume temperature (temperature of the oxidation reaction zone in the converter bath), introduced in the book “Converter processing in non-ferrous metallurgy” was further used in the analysis of various aspects of converter operation ...

In the case of a complete cycle of continuous converting with obtaining in one unit from matte the final product - matte and the output of acceptable converter slag, it is necessary to use a two-chamber unit. In this case the organization of mass transfer between the chambers is of crucial importance ...

When creating a pyrometallurgical unit must take into account such an important factor as the nature of the movement of slag melt in it, which means both the direction and power of slag flows, and the degree of mixing of the melt in different zones of the unit ...

One of the directions of improvement of pyrometallurgical processing is the creation of multi-chamber units, in separate chambers of which different characteristic processes are carried out. Such combined units of ore smelting and slag depletion, conversion and depletion, smelting, conversion and depletion have been developed in recent years in the USSR and abroad ...

For stable operation of the cooled element in the melt, it is necessary to create on its surface a layer of protective garnissage and to ensure that the temperature of the wall of the cooled element is lower than the maximum allowable temperature for the material from which it is made. Under known external conditions of operation of garnissage elements, this can be achieved by choosing the material of construction of the element, cooling coolant, and cooling mode ...

Increasing the productivity of ore thermal furnaces (RTPs) for smelting oxidized nickel ores for ferronickel is limited by the intensive wear of the wall lining at the slag-ferronickel interface ...

In metallurgical and chemical industries reactors with circulation of reactants are widely spread. Application of circulation allows to regulate quite precisely the degree of transformation of reacting substances, to carry out the process with an excessive amount of one of the reagents, which is introduced with the recirculant and reduces the yield of reaction by-products ...

Complicating conditions of the high-temperature (700-900°C) process of obtaining titanium powders by metallothermal reduction of titanium chlorides from melts in a stirred reactor is the increased tendency of freshly formed metal particles to sinter among themselves and weld to the parts of technological equipment ...

The difficulties of oxidative roasting of sulfide materials are well known. Pyrrhotite concentrates - wastes of enrichment of some sulfide polymetallic ores among other sulfide raw materials occupy a special position ...

The method of slag depletion by filtration through a layer of lumpy reducing agent has been known for a long time and tested in various conditions, but it has not found industrial application, because for effective depletion requires too thick layers of reducing agent. There is an established opinion that at depletion of converter slags the filtration method is suitable mainly as the first, preparatory, stage (magnetite destruction), which does not give significant advantages over the exhausted technologies of depletion ...

The correct choice of the optimal design of the depletion unit (geometry of the furnace space, location and depth of tuyere, etc.) is not possible without knowledge of the nature of slag movement, especially the degree of its mixing. In this connection cold modeling of slag bath motion in a continuous process of slag depletion was carried out ...

In the production of sponge titanium, it is necessary to reject defective pieces. This operation is currently performed manually and is characterized by subjectivity in the evaluation of defective inclusions, as well as low productivity and difficult working conditions ...

The performance of the calcination furnace is determined by a number of factors, the most important of which are the thermal regime and uniformity of feeding the furnace with feedstock. For the automation of such a furnace is of great importance the correct mathematical description of the process from the moment of loading the feedstock to obtain the finished product ...

Recently, there has been an increased interest in control systems of objects and processes with delay. This is due to the development and implementation of ACS technological processes, the lag of which can not be neglected, as it has a significant impact on the functioning of the control system ...