The composition of the off-gases of the converter process makes it possible to judge the degree of oxygen utilization from the blast, the burnout of metallic iron from the matte, and other features of the development of physicochemical transformations in the converter bath. ...

The concept of the blast flame temperature (the temperature of the oxidation reaction zone in the converter bath), was introduced in the book “Converter Converting in Non-Ferrous Metallurgy” and was further used in the analysis of various aspects of converter operation. Further refinements of this method are possible by taking into account the actual nature of the overall reactions corresponding to different periods of the process, and a certain heat exchange between the flame and the bath heated by it.