Мелиоранты на основе отходов химической промышленности для рекультивации объектов горного производства
Аннотация
При добыче и обогащении полезных ископаемых происходит образование техногенно-нарушенных земель, требующих проведения рекультивации. В работе рассматривается возможность получения эффективного мелиоранта для рекультивации нарушенных земель объектов горного производства с использованием комплексных органоминеральных мелиорантов на основе отходов химической промышленности, содержащих нитраты целлюлозы. Обоснован подход к реализации получения комплексных органоминеральных мелиорантов. Установлено, что полученные мелиоранты удовлетворяют требованиям ГОСТ Р 54534-2011 по химическому составу для проведения технического и биологического этапов рекультивации, а также обладают дополнительными положительными агрохимическими характеристиками. В вегетационном опыте с использованием овса посевного (Avena sativa) и мятлика лугового (Poa pratensis) при внесении комплексных органоминеральных мелиорантов выраженные положительные результаты получены по приросту наземной биомассы растений для фоновых моделей только с песком 58,8-104,9 и 245,5-1721,8 % для овса и мятлика соответственно. Прирост биомассы для овса и мятлика в сравнении с фоновой моделью с отходом животноводства – навозом крупного рогатого скота составил 5,2-11,6 и 290,9-413,8 % соответственно. Отмечен положительный эффект для корневой части растений обоих видов. Доказано, что предлагаемые мелиоранты на основе рассматриваемых отходов пригодны для использования при рекультивации объектов горного производства, технология утилизации характеризуется положительным экономическим эффектом.
Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ (FSRW-2024-0005).
Литература
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