Investigation of the mass explosions impact on the off-contour massif
Abstract
The stress wave generated by rock blasting causes vibrations in the off-contour massif. The rock strength is significantly reduced in those off-contour massif areas where the permissible velocity is exceeded. This can lead to the collapse of nearby ledges. The aims of the study are to develop a methodology for determining the boundary of the off-contour massif seismically hazardous zone, as well as to assess the well delay interval effect on the hazardous zone boundary position. Elastic vibrations of the off-contour rock under the effect of a blast wave are considered. The dependence of the rock mass displacement under the action of stress is a function of time and distance from the blast site. A series of production experiments were conducted at the “Valley” quarry of Amur Minerals JSC to determine the coefficients values that take into account the attenuation of the stress wave in the rock with increasing distance from the blast site. A method to determine the position of the off-contour massif boundary has been developed. Beyond that boundary the rate of rock displacement does not exceed the permissible value. The initial data for the calculation are the rock mass physical and mechanical characteristics and the parameters of the explosives used. In the Simulink environment a simulation model was developed to implement the described method. A methodology for energy assessment of the process of rock displacement under the effect of a stress wave was developed to verify the modeling results. By analy-zing the results obtained, a conclusion was made about the sufficient accuracy of the proposed method for practical calculations. Displacement energy values of the same point of the off-contour massif are compared at different well delay interval. Rock blasting with increased well delay intervals allows to improve the off-contour massif safety, as well as the overlying horizons ledges. The quality of blasted rock loosening is maintained.
The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation N 24-27-20036, https://rscf.ru/project/24-27-20036, and funding by Ministry of Education and Science of the Khabarovsk Region.
References
- Shevkun E.B., Plotnikov A.Yu., Nikulin P.V., Kazarina E.N. Loosing of rocks by blasting without disintegration at open pit mines. Gornyi zhurnal. 2024. N 6, p. 76-81 (in Russian). DOI: 10.17580/gzh.2024.06.12
- Pytalev I.A., Domozhirov D.V., Ugolnikov N.V. et al. Ensuring high quality of explosive preparation of rocks for excavation with open method of mining under difficult mining and geological conditions and significant growth of the scope of work. Mine Surveying Bulletin. 2021. N 5-6 (144-145), p. 116-121 (in Russian).
- Afanasyev P.I., Menzhulin M.G. Change in the average lump size in the crushing zone based on the calculation of energy dissipation. News of the Tula State University. Sciences of Earth. 2022. N 4, p. 408-419 (in Russian).
- Kovalchuk I.O., Kondrashov A.V., Dobrynin A.A. Rock mass disturbance clarification close to blast block through P-wave measuring. Transactions of RАNIMI. 2024. N 2 (40), p. 101-105 (in Russian). DOI: 10.24412/2519-2418-2024-240-101-105
- Gospodarikov A.P., Revin I.E., Morozov K.V. Composite model of seismic monitoring data analysis during mining operations on the example of the Kukisvumchorrskoye deposit of AO Apatit. Journal of Mining Institute. 2023. Vol. 262, p. 571-580. DOI: 10.31897/PMI.2023.9
- Tyupin V.N. Geometric parameters of the seismic focus zone during mass explosions in quarries. Explosion Technology. 2022. N 134/91, p. 137-154 (in Russian).
- Yakovlev A.V., Shimkiv E.S. Problems of ultimate pit limit design. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2021. N 5-1, p. 105-116 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2021_51_0_105
- Xueliang Zhu, Shuai Shao, Shengjun Shao et al. A general kinematic approach to the effect of rock mass saturation on the stability of 3D rock slopes. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2025. Vol. 84. Iss. 1. N 9. DOI: 10.1007/s12665-024-11992-6
- Belov A.A., Afanasev P.I., Shmonin I.V. Development of a comprehensive analysis of seismic blast impact on the quarry marginal massif: theoretical approaches, methodologies and challenges. Explosion Technology. 2025. N 146/103, p. 102-132 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18698/0372-7009-2023-9
- Romanenko S.V., Larionova E.V., Muldybaev U.A. et al. Risk management technique of landslides activation with account of seismic activity factor in Kyrgyzstan. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering. 2020. Vol. 331. N 10, p. 155-163 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2020/10/2865
- Xiaohua Ding, Yuqing Yang, Wei Zhou et al. The law of blast stress wave propagation and fracture development in soft and hard composite rock. Scientific Reports. 2022. Vol. 12. N 17120. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22109-z
- Tyupin V.N. Seismic effects induced by large-scale blasts in isotropic and structurally complex pit wall rock masses. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2021. N 12, p. 47-57 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236_1493_2021_12_0_47
- Singh P., Jayanthu S. Pseudo-static and Dynamic Analysis of Mine Rock Slope Under the Influence of Production Blasting. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 2024. Vol. 41. Iss. 6, p. 3197-3209. DOI: 10.1007/s42461-024-01112-0
- Hengyu Su, Shu Ma. Study on the stability of high and steep slopes under deep bench blasting vibration in open-pit mines. Frontiers in Earth Science. 2022. Vol. 10. N 990012. DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.990012
- Tingyao Wu, Chuanbo Zhou, Nan Jiang et al. Stability analysis for high-steep slope subjected to repeated blasting vibration. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2020. Vol. 13. Iss. 17. N 828. DOI: 10.1007/s12517-020-05857-y
- Kantor V.Kh., Rakhmanov R.A., Alenichev I.A. et al. Investigation of the parameters of contour borehole explosive charges for the formation of a cut-off gap in rocks during the cutting of ledges in quarries. Explosion Technology. 2022. N 135/92, p. 32-66 (in Russian).
- Kamyansky V.N. Estimation of seismic load of blasting on pit wall rock mass during blasted slot making. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2018. N 7, p. 181-188 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2018-7-0-181-188
- Shemetov P.A., Umarov F.Ya. Seismically safe method of drilling-and-blasting in pitwall rocks and at engineering structures. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2013. N 8, p. 221-224 (in Russian).
- Uglyanitsa A.V. Deep injection benchmarks for increasing the stability of open pit walls. Bulletin of the Kuzbass State Technical University. 2023. N 1 (155), p. 87-94 (in Russian). DOI: 10.26730/1999-4125-2023-1-87-94
- Shevkun E.B., Leshchinskiy A.V., Lysak Yu.A., Plotnikov A.Yu. Long-period delay loosening blasting in open pit mines. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2020. Vol. 10, p. 29-41 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25018/0236-1493-2020-10-0-29-41
- Peng Xu, Renshu Yang, Jinjing Zuo et al. Research progress of the fundamental theory and technology of rock blasting. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials. 2022. Vol. 29. Iss. 4, p. 705-716. DOI: 10.1007/s12613-022-2464-x
- Lyashenko V.I., Kislyy P.A. Justification seismic safety technologies destruction massif slozhnostruktural fields. Mining Informational and Analytical Bulletin. 2017. N 6, p. 314-332 (in Russian).
- Yakovlev A.V., Shimkiv E.S., Perekhod T.M. The main directions and results of research of crushing of hard-to-blast rocks. Problems of Subsoil Use. 2019. N 3 (22), p. 137-144 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25635/2313-1586.2019.03.137
- Bulbasheva I.A. Management of blasts seismic effect on transmission line supports during open-pit mining: Avtoref. dis. … kand. tekhn. nauk. St. Peterburg: Sankt-Peterburgskii gornyi universitet, 2019, p. 19 (in Russian).
- Zykov V.S., Ivanov V.V., Sobolev V.V. Studies of the Effect of Massive Industrial Explosions on the Stability of the Underground Mining Workings at the Open-pit and Underground Mining of Coal Deposits. Occupational Safety in Industry. 2018. N 11, p. 19-23 (in Russian). DOI: 10.24000/0409-2961-2018-11-19-23
- Kozyrev S.A., Vlasova E.A., Usashev E.A. Engineering methodology for operative assessment of seismic blast impact in the boundary rock mass in open pits. Russian Mining Industry. 2024. N 5, p. 66-73 (in Russian). DOI: 10.30686/1609-9192-2024-5-66-73
- Li Chengjie, Wang Mengqi, Xie Shoudong et al. Experimental investigation of blasting stress wave attenuation in sandstone with columnar charging using high-speed DIC technique. Scientific Reports. 2025. Vol. 15. N 22515. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-02662-z
- Shuailong Jia, Zhiliang Wang, Jianguo Wang et al. Experimental and theoretical study on the propagation characteristics of stress wave in filled jointed rock mass. PLoS ONE. 2021. Vol. 16 (9). N e0253392. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253392
- Can Liu, Feifei Wang, Qingyang Ren et al. Field test of blasting vibration and adjacent slope stability under the influence of blasting vibration in mining. Journal of Vibroengineering. 2023. Vol. 25. Iss. 4, p. 713-728. DOI: 10.21595/jve.2022.22826
- Rakishev B.R. Automated design and production of mass blasts in quarries. Almaty: Gylym, 2016, p. 340 (in Russian).
- Masaev Yu.A., Masaev V.Yu., Drozdenko Yu.V., Aksenova O.Yu. Conditions of stress wave formation during blasting of borehole charges and their influence on rock fracture quality. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering. 2021. Vol. 332. N 11, p. 110-116 (in Russian). DOI: 10.18799/24131830/2021/11/3432
- Zharikov S.N., Kutuev V.A. Construction of a nomogram for determining the parameters of DBW in the pit’s contour zone. News of the Tula State University. Sciences of Earth. 2020. N 3, p. 161-171 (in Russian). DOI: 10.25635/r0915-0037-0746-z
- Linghao Kong, Peng Yan, Wenbo Lu et al. Estimation of P-wave velocities based on pulse rise time in blasting vibration. Measurement. 2025. Vol. 258. Part A. N 119079. DOI: 10.1016/j.measurement.2025.119079
- Botelho A.H., Dineva S., Ping Zhang, Nordlund E. Modification of seismic waves and particle velocity close to the excavation surface from mining-induced seismicity at Kiirunavaara Mine, Sweden. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2025. Vol. 165. N 106850. DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2025.106850