Analysis of the Russian market of potash mineral fertilizers in 2014 and forecast for 2015-2019 show [ http://businesstat.ru/images/demo/potash_fertilizers_russia.pdf ] that today the most widespread potash fertilizer is the potassium chloride. But chloride-free potassium-containing products are in the highest demand at the fertilizer market. One of possible solutions to this problem is recrystallization of the potassium chloride or potassium-containing mineral ores using nitrate-containing or phosphorus-containing salt products. The basis for justifying processing conditions for polymineral potassium-containing salt raw materials and salt mineral ores is the data on phase equilibria in multicomponent water-salt systems. Knowledge of the regularities of phase equilibria in multicomponent salt systems helps to develop optimal conditions for complex processing of polymineral natural and technical raw materials. Below it is present the results of technological calculations for processing potash mineral raw materials with account of the complex nature of its utilization. Based on the analysis of the solubility diagrams of mutual salt systems different cyclic processes for production of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and nitrate and sodium chloride from dihydrogen phosphate and sodium nitrate and potassium chloride by conversion method have been designed, and ways of these processes optimization have been proposed for reducing the cost of certain technical operations.
Changing raw material base for the production of aluminium and the emergence of a huge number of secondary glinozemservice waste (foundry slag, sludge, spent catalysts, mineral part of coals and other are formed in various industrial enterprises) demanded the creation of a scientific and theoretical basis for their processing. In this work, as aluminium-containing component used aluminum alloys (GOST 4784-97), aluminum containing component is obtained as a chip on Mashinostroitel-governmental enterprises. Aluminum waste is a whole range of metal alloys of aluminium with cumtion of the elements: magnesium, copper, silica, zinc, iron. Analysis of waste aluminum Al – Zn – Cu – Si – Fe shows that, depending on the content of a particular metal and the dissolution process of aluminum alloy should be viewed as the result of chemical interaction of the metal with an alkaline solution. It is necessary to consider the behavior of the main components of the alloy in alkaline solution, with respect to the system Na 2 O – Al 2 O 3 – SiO 2 – ® CO 2 – H 2 O. Since the final contents of the components in an alkaline solution is determined by its soluble Pro-vide experimental evaluation of the possibility of dissolution of iron and other elements of aluminum alloy-VA in alkaline solution of different concentrations at temperature 80-90 ° C., that show that for pH alkaltion of solutions containing 100-300 g/l Na 2 O к y the solubility of ferric hydroxide is (0,003-0.05) g/l Fe 2 O 3 .
The article presents the chemical and engineering fundamentals of processing apatite and nepheline concentrates directly on the Kola Peninsula. Implementation of the existing separate processing of nepheline and apatite concentrates demonstrates inefficiency of these technologies due to the formation of waste calcium sulfate and calcium silicate, which have so far not found a practical use and are wastes stored in sludge repositories of the Russian Federation. Suggested new scientific and technical solutions will allow enterprises to significantly increase the volume of production of new in-demand marketable products due to rational and complex use of mineral raw materials of the Kola Peninsula, reduce their costs while decreasing the volume of rock extraction and eliminate waste creating a closed-loop technological cycle of processing apatite and nepheline ores.
