The living environment of the Northwest region of Russia is significantly affected by both natural geological (endogenous and exogenous geodynamic, geochemical and radiogeochemical) and anthropogenic factors. The greatest environmental hazards are those areas where there is a combination of high probability of dangerous natural phenomena and excessive technogenic impact on the environment. Such areas include the west of the Kola Peninsula, a number of territories of the Leningrad Region, and others.

Natural processes with negative impacts on the natural environment and human life safety are widely manifested on the territory of Russia: endogenous (seismic hazard) and exogenous (mudflows, avalanches) geodynamic phenomena, as well as the accumulation of anomalous concentrations of toxicants in geological bodies.

The article considers the main directions of research in the analysis of the regularities of the location, properties and state of the main types of deposits of solid minerals in Russia. A summary of the available data on the main patterns of variability of both individual minerals and aggregates in the main types of endogenous ore deposits is made. Mineralogical features of large and unique deposits connected with granite magmatism are analyzed. It is concluded that their formation was determined by the long-term evolution of deep fluid systems serving as a means of mantle-core interaction and redistribution of matter in the Earth's crust. The principles of granite pegmatites analysis and methods of its carrying out are offered. The computational modeling of the processes of structure formation during magma solidification using the Monte Carlo method has been carried out. The possibilities of application of fractal analysis to solve the problems of ore geology are investigated. Possibilities of quantitative assessment of morphology of ore bodies are shown. Methods of studying and modeling of anomalous geochemical fields associated with mineral deposits are outlined. Tasks of geological exploration and prospecting works in connection with the further development of the coal industry are given.

In terms of lithochemical prospecting Karelia differs from other regions of our country by almost ubiquitous distribution of cover-glacial deposits and peculiar landscapes, in the formation of which the leading role was played by the activity of former continental glaciations.

In reports on the experience of application of this or that prospecting and evaluation method there are often phrases like: "the results obtained by this method were confirmed in so many percent of cases"...

Anomalous changes in concentrations due to scattering halos are often comparable in their parameters with fluctuations of the geochemical background and with its changes due to the change of rocks. In these cases, it is necessary to use such a method of processing the survey results, in which the geochemical background, carrying information about the geological structure or regional geochemical patterns, is distinguished from the field of measured concentrations, and local anomalies of prospecting interest are identified