Loading on support is defined by geomechanical, technological and geometrical parametres. At комбайновой technologies of carrying out of developments loading decreases in 1,5-1,6 times. Rigid dependence of size of loading on quality of filling закрепного spaces remains. Bearing ability of arches from СВП-27 and СВП-33 exceeds bearing ability of arches from СВП-22 accordingly on 33 and 76 %. Bearing ability of an arch with the account of plastic deformations of a steel increases on 32-42 % in comparison with elastic calculation.
The design procedure of loadings on arch support unilateral rectangular interfaces in an ore file of Jakovlevsky deposit КМА is offered. The settlement scheme corresponds rigid and plastic model of deformation of an ore file in a roof of interfaces. A major factor defining size of loading on overlappings of interfaces, emptiness in a roof after filling there are. Low efficiency of flat overlappings of interfaces on chamber frames and advantages of overlappings of interfaces by arches from profile SVP with horizontal couplers from арматурной steels of armature was revealed. Possibility of operative calculation of loadings and a choice of parametres of overlappings on conditions of durability and stability of bearing elements of support in ores of various types is proved.
Forecast of stress and strain state of deep underground metro stations is considered in this article. A complex approach to study of static work of the metro stations including the in situ testing at different stages of their construction and numerical modeling with finite element method is shown.
The article presents the consistent patterns of the changes in stress-strain state of the massive by the minings of the first stage of protective overlapping in the Yakovlevsky deposit. The change of the stress-strain condition of the rock massive, which is weaked by the mining was determined by the method of finite elements. The stresses distribution in the massive, the displacement of the contour of the minings, the size of conditional zones of non-linear deformations has been obtained. For stoping passes at the first stage the cutting with combine and application of fastening with the anchors has been suggested.
The results of mathematical modeling of formation of stress fields in stratified rock mass under various vertical and horizontal stresses relation are presented. An assessment of influence of the presence and position of a great geological disturbance on a stress state around a mine working is considered.
The scheme of vault hypothesis formation and the calculation method of loading on KMP-A3 arch support are presented. The presence of the outcrop contour in the ore massif of the Yakovlevskoye deposit is taken into account. Loads on the support in loose, medium-density and dense ores were determined.
The evaluation of the flat slab fasteners used at the Yakovlevsky mine structures is given. Designs and standard sizes of elements, rational zone of action of the support, application interfaces are determined. The expediency of the use of the support with an arched overlap, which has a greater load-bearing capacity and operational reliability, is substantiated.
Переборы за проектный контур представляют закономерное явление, причины которого заключаются в совокупном влиянии физико-механических свойств руды и сейсмического воздействия на массив взрыва шпуровых зарядов. Размер закрепного пространства хорошо аппроксимируется усеченным нормальным законом распределения. Основные направления совершенствования проходки и повышения устойчивости выработок: выбор эффективного забутовочного материала и способа его укладки в закрепное пространство, поиск рациональных параметров буровзрывных работ, изучение возможности применения комбайновой технологии .
Для различных горно-геологических и горно-технических условий определены несущие способности крепи КМП-А3, трапециевидной крепи без и с подкосами. На основании полученных зависимостей можно определить эффективную область применения крепи и ее параметры. В массиве рыхлых железно-слюдковых мартитовых руд естественной влажности эксплуатационное состояние выработки сечением в свету 11,2 м 2 может быть обеспечено крепью КМП-А3 из СВП-22 с шагом 1 м. Несущая способность трапециевидной рамы может быть увеличена в три раза введением в конструкцию подкосов. Определены рациональные параметры трапециевидной крепи с подкосами для выработок в осушенном и обводненном рудных массивах.
Характер деформирования рыхлых и плотных железно-слюдковых мартитовых руд вокруг выработки с крепью КМП-А3 различен. В плотной руде процесс смещений характеризуется знакопеременными деформациями руды во времени и вглубь массива. Большая часть смещений реализуется через 10-80 сут. Размеры зоны деформаций рудного массива в лежачем боку (1,2-1,3)R пр , в кровле (1,0-1,1)R пр , в висячем боку (1,3-1,4)R пр . Приконтурная зона размером 0,8-1,5 м склонна к разрушению. Размеры зоны деформаций вмещающего рудного массива в лежачем боку (1,0-1,1)R пр и висячем боку (1,1-1,2)R пр , в кровле (1,1-1,2)R пр . Стабилизации смещений вмещающего рыхлого и плотного рудного массива не зафиксировано.
On the example of Mikhailovsky and Yakovlevsky deposits the problems of development of rich iron ores of KMA related to their deep occurrence, taking into account difficult engineering-geological conditions of construction of underground mines and harmful consequences of ore mining by open pit for the natural environment are considered. The results of complex tests of physical-mechanical properties of loose rich ores, which have not been sufficiently studied yet, are presented. Forecast of land alienation and soil contamination caused by an increase in the volume of overburden during further exploitation of Mikhailovsky open pit is given. For the Yakovlevsky mine, the most effective layered systems of development of the ore body with stowing of the mined-out space were studied. The descending order of mining of blocks with the device on the top layer of protective overlap to prevent subsidence of the overlying strata with the formation of channels of hydraulic connection with the coal aquifer is recommended.
