Systematization of risks of concession projects in mining industry allows to create the basis for development of risk management model in order to decrease their influence on results of investment activity within concession agreements by means of their optimum distribution during which financial stability of the project is reached and the interests of each interested side of the concession agreement are observed.
Needs sustainable, balanced and socially effective development of the Russian economic system necessitated the use of concessions for the operation of State and municipal property. In the world practice the traditional mechanism of concessions is an implementation in the creation, renovation or modernization of production and social infrastructure necessary for the development of the mining industry.
Implementation of high and steady development rates of metallurgical industry is considerably connected with introduction of the mechanism of public-private partnership in the form of concession agreements. Concessions allow to degrade financial loading from the state by means of redistribution of risks between all participants; to establish rigid enough long-term legally issued connexion that allows participants of agreements to carry out strategic forecasting and planning of the activity. The concession form of managing is the effective tool of private capital attraction, including foreign in real sector of economy, including in metallurgy without loss of strategic control over the vital systems and objects. The analysis has shown that efficiency of the application of concession business pattern and their contribution to social and economic development of the state is the ultimate under conditions of long-term consecutive planning and the system approach from the state to management of concession activity.
One of the directions of stable balanced and socially productive development of russian economy is self-developing territorial systems formation. Self-developing territorial economic systems should provide the expanded reproduction of total regional product at the expense of own resources and incomes potential.
The diamond's extraction and diamond's production realization by the diamond-mining companies of the countries in the world is decreasing in the modern conditions. The forecast of world diamond's business development for short-term prospect is connected with working out of development's scenarios and variants. Modern tendencies in the diamond business are directed towards the optimistic scenario.
Financial strategy of the mining enterprise in the conditions of uncertainty and risk allows to prove sufficiency of financial assets for realization of investment strategy; to estimate solvency and financial stability of the enterprise through the rating indicators and indicators; to prove the limits of rational volume's increase according to the investment strategy.
The method of receiving of united factor is considered to be the foundation of system development monitoring factors based on integrations of private factors of financial analysis, that is to say calculation of rating for different variants of investment activity a mining enterprise. Calculation of rating of borrower and rating of financial stability has the most importance while developing the investment strategy of development a mining enterprise. Rating analysis will allow to motivate the possibility for calculating the real investments, defining the value of rational growth of production volumes, motivating the borders of rational increase the volumes of production within the framework of investment activity.
Благосостояние России, в том числе ее экономический и научно-технический потенциал , связано, прежде всего, с развитием минерально-сырьевого комплекса. Рынок минерального сырья стал более динамичным, что требует новых подходов к управлению: на первый план выходят экономические, рыночные критерии эффективности, повышаются требования к гибкости. Нередко внешние условия заставляют современные горные предприятия превращаться во все более сложные системы. Для обеспечения управляемости таких систем необходимы новые методы, механизмы, соответствующие внешней и внутренней среде горного предприятия. Одним из таких механизмов является система мониторинга, сформированная на горном предприятии. Такая система позволит периодически оценивать состояние минерально-сырьевой базы горного предприятия, формулировать перспективы ее развития, разрабатывать инвестиционные планы на случай возникновения непредвиденных обстоятельств, разрабатывать стратегию, которая позволит предприятию достигнуть целей и превратить потенциальные угрозы в свои сильные стороны.
Социальный блок инвестиционной стратегии основывается на проведении комплексного мониторингового анализа социальной ситуации с учетом миссии и конкретных целей предприятия. Стратегические цели предприятия и результаты анализа социальной среды находят свое отражение при формировании комплексных социальных программ развития предприятия. В границах комплексной программы разрабатываются проекты социальной сферы. Инвестиционные проекты в зависимости от цели реализации будут иметь различный масштаб внедрения. Проекты разных уровней, отвечающие критерию эффективности, формируют инвестиционный портфель предприятия. Для целей планирования целесообразно осуществить группировку проектов по различным критериям: по показателям эффективности инвестиций с учетом социального эффекта; по временному признаку в пределах стратегии; по возможности финансового обеспечения. Отобранные инвестиционные проекты сформируют основу комплексной социальной программы развития горного предприятия.
Justification of the parameters of investment activity of a mining enterprise within the framework of a comprehensive program of its development is achieved in the process of developing an integrated planning system. Such a system is based on the coordination of strategic, medium-term and current plans of production activities. The system is formed in several stages. At first, a strategic plan is developed, the basis of which is the grouping of investment projects by time factor. Then an implementation calendar is drawn up for medium-term and current projects differentiated by blocks of the investment strategy. The optimal variant of investment projects implementation is justified in the course of analyzing the total cash flow and rating indicators. The final stage involves registration of the final indicators of the enterprise development in the business plan and target integrated program of the mining enterprise.
When planning the investment activity of a mining enterprise within a region, a territorial-industrial complex (TIC), a natural-industrial complex (NIC), it is important to formulate its main guidelines. A mining enterprise carries out comprehensive investment activities as an independent economic entity and within the framework of the development program of the TIC and the region in the following areas: maintenance and development of the mineral resource base, development of production capacity, solution of environmental problems, labor safety problems, solution of social issues. Objectives of investment activity of a mining enterprise are dynamic, so it is necessary to build them in time, so that along with the priorities of long-term action to specify the tasks of individual stages, leading to the achievement of strategic benchmarks. Concretization of tasks on each time interval should take into account real conditions and possibilities of mining enterprise. The latter form competitive advantages, which largely determine the direction of investment activity. Besides, investment activity of mining enterprise is inseparably connected with investment policy in the region and level of economic development of natural-industrial complex. Accordingly, the problem of development of the main directions of investment activity of a mining enterprise should be solved taking into account the requirements and interests of the state, interests in the TIC (TIC) and partially the region, in a clear time frame.
