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Date submitted2024-04-22
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Date accepted2024-06-13
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Date published2024-07-04
Lithification of leachate from municipal solid waste landfills with blast furnace slag
- Authors:
- Mariya A. Pashkevich
- Yuliya A. Kulikova
The article presents an alternative method of utilization of blast furnace slag and leachate from solid municipal waste landfills, the formation of which occurs during the infiltration of atmospheric precipitation through the thickness of deposited waste. The method is based on the conversion of leachate from the liquid phase to the solid aggregate state by lithification using blast furnace slag as an astringent material. The hydraulic activity of slag, which depends on the amount of oxides contained in it, has been estimated. The investigated slag belongs to the 3rd grade, which confirms the possibility of its use as an astringent material. The filtrate was analyzed for the content of various elements, and the maximum permissible concentrations for each element were found to be exceeded. Chemical and biological oxygen demand were determined, and critically high values were installed (17200 mgO2/l and 4750 mgO2/l, respectively). The lithification process was divided into two stages. The first stage was to reduce the organic component in the filtrate using a coagulant, aluminum sulfate; the second stage was slag hydration. The optimum ratio of lithificate components in terms of mixture solidification rate was established at 1:0.03:1.25 (leachate, coagulant, blast furnace slag). The obtained material was analyzed for the solubility and content of various forms of metal. It is established that at infiltration of atmospheric precipitations through lithificate only 3 % of material will be washed out; concentrations of gross and mobile forms of heavy metals do not exceed the maximum permissible, except for the gross content of arsenic, mobile, and water-soluble forms of which were not found. The values of chemical (687 mgO2/l) and biological (173 mgO2/l) oxygen demand in the aqueous extract from lithificate decreased more than 25 times in comparison with the initial filtrate. According to the results of toxicological studies, lithificate was assigned an IV class of waste hazard, which confirms the possibility of its use as bulk material at landfills.
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Date submitted2022-05-12
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Date accepted2022-09-15
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Date published2022-12-29
Problem solution analysis on finding the velocity distribution for laminar flow of a non-linear viscous flushing fluid in the annular space of a well
- Authors:
- Vasiliy I. Nikitin
Modern drilling fluids are non-linear viscous media with an initial shear stress. In classical scientific works on hydromechanical modeling of drilling fluids motion in pipes and annular channels the Shvedov – Bingham approximation and Ostwald – de Waale power-law model were used, which did not fully account for behavior of technological fluids in a wide range of shear rates. This article presents a numerical solution for a mathematical model of drilling fluid motion of the three-parameter Herschel – Bulkley rheological model in the annular space of the well. The Herschel – Bulkley model in the rheological equation takes into account the presence of initial shear stress and a tendency for viscosity to change with shear rate, which distinguishes it from the Ostwald – de Waale and Shvedov – Bingham models. The target function in solving the equation of motion is the velocity distribution in the radial direction of the upward flow of the flushing fluid. The analysis of obtained solution is based on the theory of velocity profile influence on quality of cuttings removal during wellbore cleaning. Due to peculiarities of mathematical statement of the task, which supposes necessity of differential equation of motion solution, Wolfram Mathematica computational software has been used as a calculation tool. The analysis of numerical solution allowed to draw conclusions about the possibility of its application in evaluation of velocity profile when drilling fluid moves in annular space of the well. The possibility for application of modified excess coefficient as a relative quantitative parameter for evaluation of velocity profile uniformity was substantiated.
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Date submitted2019-04-30
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Date accepted2019-07-16
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Date published2019-10-23
Salt Rock Deformation under Bulk Multiple-Stage Loading
- Authors:
- I. L. Pankov
- I. A. Morozov
The paper presents experimental justification of the possibility to use bulk multiple-stage loading to study the process of salt rock deformation in the laboratory conditions. Results of comparative tests between bulk multiple- stage and single-stage loading of salt rock samples are demonstrated. The paper contains results of research on the rate of lateral pressure and its impact on strength limit and residual strength limit of sylvinite, estimated using single- stage and multiple-stage methods. Research results demonstrate how the rate of lateral pressure impacts dilatancy boundary of salt rocks. Analysis of how the loading method influences certificate parameters of Mohr-Coulomb strength of sylvinite has been carried out. The dynamics of elastic modulus in the process of salt rock deformation is analyzed depending on the rate of lateralpressure. It is demonstrated how the method of multiple-stage loading adequately reflects the processes of salt rock de- formation and decomposition, and facilitates not only lowering impact of sample’s inner structure heterogeneities on the experimental results, but also significant reduction in the required amount of rock material.
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Date submitted2018-07-04
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Date accepted2018-09-17
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Date published2018-12-21
Secondary dispersion halos as a prospecting indicator of platinum metal mineralization on the example of the Kamenushinsky massif (Middle Urals)
- Authors:
- A. M. Minibaev
The paper discusses the results of bulk rock geochemical sampling of the Kamenushinsky massif eluvial-deluvial deposits and the massifs bedrocks spectral analysis data. Evaluation of secondary dispersion halos using two-dimensional modeling and multivariate statistic processing of the results have allowed establishing the spatial collocation of platinum and chromium anomalies and high correlation between these elements. These facts confirm the considerable contribution of chromite-platinum mineralization to the primary ores of the entire Kamenushinsky massif. The geological observations and rocks chemical composition analysis has revealed that uranium and barium anomalies are associated with the areas of gabbro and granitoids dike bodies. The insignificant overlapping of uranium and barium anomalies with platinum and chromium ones, as well as the negative correlation between these two groups of elements, is inconsistent with earlier conclusions on the spatial association of platinum mineralization with gabbro and granitoids dikes and a possible connection between these dikes and platinum metal mineralization zones.
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Date submitted2010-07-14
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Date accepted2010-09-07
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Date published2011-03-21
Substantiation of pumped volumes of flow angularity compositions in injection wells
- Authors:
- A. R. Mavliev
- M. K. Rogachev
- D. V. Mardashov
The method of calculation pumped volumes of flow angularity compositions in injection wells, which based on combination of the seepage theory, laboratory investigation and field experience is developed.
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Date submitted2009-09-26
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Date accepted2009-11-14
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Date published2010-06-25
Automatic bulk solids moisture in stream control system
- Authors:
- S. S. Galushkin
- B. A. Vishniak
- V. N. Smirnov
Automatic moisture in fine-dyspersated stream control system based on microwave frequency method is presented. Minimizing means of interrupting factors peculiar to this method of measurement are produced and systematically proved.
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Date submitted2009-09-19
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Date accepted2009-11-15
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Date published2010-06-25
Potassium chloride content in ore and products оf recycling automatic control system
- Authors:
- S. S. Galushkin
- B. A. Vishnyak
- V. N. Smirnov
Potassium chloride percentage in continuous transported ore flows and products of potassium plants recycling automatic control system is offered and described. It differs fundamentally from used before ones at bulk solids containing natural radio-activity elements effective constituents producing and recycling plants. Sensing device is used in this information-measuring system (IMS). It allows to realize automatic control in flows for that instantaneous productivity fluidity in wide limits is resided. Using such IMS gives considerable economic effect by measurements error lowering and their quickness increase.
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Date submitted2009-08-07
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Date accepted2009-10-14
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Date published2010-02-01
Calculation of material streams of the pirometallurgical cycle of processing of copper sulphidic raw materials
- Authors:
- N. V. Danilova
The technology pirometallurgical a cycle of processing of copper sulphidic materials is considered. The technology includes autogenous fusion in furnaces Vanjukova, converting copper steins and copper refinement. The primary goals of drawing up of model and the accepted assumptions are described. The equations of system of model are balance expressions for each of material streams. Expressions for calculation of material streams pirometallurgical a cycle of processing of copper sulphidic raw materials are found.
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Date submitted2008-10-30
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Date accepted2008-12-14
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Date published2009-12-11
On correlation of element concentrations in spray нaloes of dispersion being fixed with different geoelectrochemical methods
- Authors:
- O. F. Putikov
- E. G. Margovich
The theoretical basis for correlation between the results of two geoelectrochemical methods at different depths of sampling is presented. The field data confirm the conclusion.