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Date submitted2021-05-19
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Date accepted2022-04-07
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Date published2022-04-29
On the possibility of reducing man-made burden on benthic biotic communities when mining solid minerals using technical means of various designs
The paper analyses features of the species composition and diversity of biotic communities living within the ferromanganese nodule fields (the Clarion-Clipperton field), cobalt-manganese crusts (the Magellan Seamounts) and deep-sea polymetallic sulphides (the Ashadze-1, Ashadze-2, Logatchev and Krasnov fields) in the Russian exploration areas of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Prospects of mining solid minerals of the world’s oceans with the least possible damage to the marine ecosystems are considered that cover formation of the sediment plumes and roiling of significant volumes of water as a result of collecting the minerals as well as conservation of the hydrothermal fauna and microbiota, including in the impact zone of high temperature hydrothermal vents. Different concepts and layout options for deep-water mining complexes (the Indian and Japanese concepts as well as those of the Nautilus Minerals and Saint Petersburg Mining University) are examined with respect to their operational efficiency. The main types of mechanisms that are part of the complexes are identified and assessed based on the defined priorities that include the ecological aspect, i.e. the impact on the seabed environment; manufacturing and operating costs; and specific energy consumption, i.e. the technical and economic indicators. The presented morphological analysis gave grounds to justify the layout of a deep-sea minerals collecting unit, i.e. a device with suction chambers and a grip arm walking gear, selected based on the environmental key priority. Pilot experimental studies of physical and mechanical properties of cobalt-manganese crust samples were performed through application of bilateral axial force using spherical balls (indenters) and producing a rock strength passport to assess further results of the experimental studies. Experimental destructive tests of the cobalt-manganese crust by impact and cutting were carried out to determine the impact load and axial cutting force required for implementation of the collecting system that uses a clamshell-type effector with a built-in impactor.
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Date submitted2019-09-04
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Date accepted2019-12-25
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Date published2020-04-24
Composition of spherules and lower mantle minerals, isotopic and geochemical characteristics of zircon from volcaniclastic facies of the Mriya lamproite pipe
The article presents the results of studying the rocks of the pyroclastic facies of the Mriya lamproite pipe, located on the Priazovsky block of the Ukrainian shield. In them the rock's mineral composition includes a complex of exotic mineral particles formed under extreme reduction mantle conditions: silicate spherules, particles of native metals and intermetallic alloys, oxygen-free minerals such as diamond, qusongite (WC), and osbornite (TiN). The aim of the research is to establish the genesis of volcaniclastic rocks and to develop ideas of the highly deoxidized mantle mineral association (HRMMA), as well as to conduct an isotopic and geochemical study of zircon. As a result, groups of minerals from different sources are identified in the heavy fraction: HRMMA can be attributed to the juvenile magmatic component of volcaniclastic rocks; a group of minerals and xenoliths that can be interpreted as xenogenic random material associated with mantle nodules destruction (hornblendite, olivinite and dunite xenoliths), intrusive lamproites (tremolite-hornblende) and crystalline basement rocks (zircon, hornblende, epidote, and granitic xenoliths). The studied volcaniclastic rocks can be defined as intrusive pyroclastic facies (tuffisites) formed after the lamproites intrusion. Obviously, the HRMMA components formed under extreme reducing conditions at high temperatures, which are characteristic of the transition core-mantle zone. Thus, we believe that the formation of primary metal-silicate HRMMA melts is associated with the transition zone D".
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Date submitted2018-01-12
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Date accepted2018-03-08
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Date published2018-06-22
A method for controlling siltation of water catchments of district drainage systems of kimberlite mines
- Authors:
- N. P. Ovchinnikov
High contamination of mine water leads to intensive siltation of water catchments of district water drainage installations of kimberlite mines in Russia, because of which their pumping equipment periodically works in non-stationary regimes. At present, a number of known methods are used to limit the operation of pumping equipment in non-stationary modes: equipping the pump with a hand hoist to regulate the depth of lowering its suction pipeline into the sinkhole; preliminary dismantling of one of the two screen filters, mounted in the suction pipeline of the pump, which has smaller cells. Experience in the operation of water-drainage farms of kimberlite mines shows that these two methods allow to prevent the operation of pumping equipment in non-stationary modes only for a short period of time. A mine drainage installation is proposed, the technical result of which is the effective struggle against the silting of the water catchments of the district drainage systems of the kimberlite mines of the country.
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Date submitted2017-12-28
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Date accepted2018-03-03
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Date published2018-06-22
Special features of a structure of technical operations for peat excavation with stage dewatering
- Authors:
- E. A. Kremcheev
A method of development of a technology of peat extraction for intensifying of dewatering which involves drying of peat raw materials in thick layers with a layer-by-layer harvesting into large-sized roll with further delivery to the field storage unit of the enlarged sizes is presented in the paper. Throughout the year storage raw materials may be transported to the customer or to the shopfloor for further processing. Considering dimension and mass characteristics, a crumbed peat of various moisture capacity is a major type of products to be of high demand. On the basis of the results of scientific studies regarding gravity dewatering of peat and its drying in field environment, the ways of intensifying of field dewatering of peat for extraction at shallow-peat lands and fine-limit fields are proposed. The presented results of the experimental performance of a technology of peat drying in thick layers with a layer-by-layer harvesting indicate an increase of seasonal harvesting and a decrease of the influence of unfavorable meteorological factors on the stability of the extraction process. Performed investigations allowed to develop a structure of technical operations for peat excavation with the stage dewatering in spreading and intermediate storage units providing rational state of the extraction process regarding a complex of technical factors. A suggested scheme of a process area for a primary and secondary period of deposit exploitation by a technology of peat excavation is considered.
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Date submitted2009-09-25
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Date accepted2009-11-18
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Date published2010-06-25
Methodic aspects of development of students` creative abilities in humanity courses in technical universities
- Authors:
- O. E. Bespalova
- O. N. Bondareva
The article deals with methodic aspects of development of students` creative abilities in humanity courses in technical universities. The complementary studies promoting creative self-realization of student’s person in art and culture spheres are presented.
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Date submitted2008-10-29
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Date accepted2008-12-06
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Date published2009-12-11
Data collection and processing system of low-frequency electrical method with artificial source
- Authors:
- A. I. Geraskin
Review of the basic components of elaborating system is presented. The basic trends of application of these components and software products created on their basis are shown. The concept of a processing graph is entered and shown its dynamic features. Specific examples of the successful practical application of the system are considered.