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Date submitted2022-04-15
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Date accepted2022-11-17
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Date published2023-04-25
Uranium in man-made carbonates on the territory of Ufa
The paper presents the results of analyzing uranium content in man-made carbonates (scale crusts) on the territory of Ufa based on examination of 42 samples. The median uranium content in the investigated samples stands at 1.44 mg/kg, which is significantly lower than the background values (scales from the Lake Baikal water, a clarke of sedimentary carbonate rocks) and data on other settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Low values of uranium content are probably associated with the effects of the three leading factors, i.e. specific subsurface geology of the territory (gypsum, limestone); types of water supply; water treatment processes for the centralized type of water supply. Spatial distribution of uranium in man-made carbonates is characterized with uniformity, which is disturbed in two cases, i.e. a change of the water supply type (from centralized to individual); and material of the vessels used for boiling the water. No significant differences were detected when comparing samples of man-made carbonates associated with different sources of water supply (the bucket and infiltration types of water intake) and the types of household filters.
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Date submitted2022-04-06
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Date accepted2022-06-15
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Date published2022-07-26
Geological and structural position of the Svetlinsky gold deposit (Southern Urals)
The paper presents the geological and structural position of the large Svetlinsky gold deposit in the Kochkar anticline (Southern Urals), localized in the zone of the Late Paleozoic (D 3 ) deep thrust of the western dip. The study confirms and clarifies the notion of its multiphase and polychronism. The thrust caused bending moments in its wings, subsidence of the lying crust, emergence of a shallow marine basin with rapid accumulation of terrigenous carbonate sediments (C 1 v), and formation of numerous landslide structures. The heating of rocks in the anticline core was accompanied by granitization and dome formation. A small Svetlinsky dome formed in the immediate vicinity of the thrust, creating a thermobaric gradient field (С 2 ). The zone of dome dynamic influence also includes the adjoining thrust area, complicated by a series of sub-vertical thrusts of sub meridional strike and numerous steeply dipping subparallel cracks of the latitudinal strike, synchronously filled with vein quartz and accompanied by hydrothermal metasomatic rock transformations. The formation of the gold deposit occurred during the post-collisional relaxation stage (from P 1 to, probably, the Early Jurassic). The association of gold mineralization with the Svetlinsky dome is indicated by the presence of native gold in Neogene ravine placers in the dome area and marbles of the Svetlinsky deposit, in association with fluorite, F-phlogopite, Cr-muscovite, pink topaz, pure quartz, and native sulphur. The presence of native gold in Neogene ravine placers in the dome area and marbles of the Svetlinsky deposit, in association with fluorite, F-phlogopite, Cr-muscovite, pink topaz, pure quartz, and native sulphur, indicates the association of gold mineralization with the Svetlinsky dome.
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Date submitted2019-01-17
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Date accepted2019-03-05
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Date published2019-06-25
Geological and geomechanical model of the Verkhnekamsk potash deposit site
- Authors:
- Yu. A. Kashnikov
- A. O. Ermashov
- A. A. Efimov
Major accidents at OJSC Uralkali raised the question of the need for a detailed study of the geological structure of the Verkhnekamskoye potassium salt deposit, the identification of anomalous complex zones in the oversalt rocks and, above all, in the water-blocking layer (WBL). The article proposes a method for isolating weakened zones in the WBL and potash reservoirs, based on the combined use of geomechanical (laboratory core tests) and geophysical (acoustic broadband logging in wells and surface seismic exploration) studies. It also describes the method of zoning of WBLand potash reservoirs on the physical and mechanical properties to obtain their specific values. This technique will help solve the most urgent problem of ensuring industrial safety in the development of the Verkhnekamskoye potassium salt deposit (the safety of the WBL). The implementation of the proposed method is considered for the Romanovsky site of the Verkhnekamskoye deposits of potassium and magnesium salts. The research included 2D seismic explorations, physical and mechanical properties testing, and finding statistical dependencies between static and dynamic geomechanical parameters. Based on the processing of seismic materials and the obtained dependencies, a geological and geomechanical model of this area was created, and zones with different physicomechanical properties were identified.
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Date submitted2014-12-24
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Date accepted2015-02-11
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Date published2015-12-25
Freiberg mining academy and Mining cadet corps: their place and role in Humboldt´s life and activities
- Authors:
- I. G. Rebeshchenkova
The article examines the stages and events of Humboldt s life, associated with the European institutions: Freiberg Mining Academy and the Mining Cadet Corps in St Petersburg. It establishes the fact that his training at the former, in particular, his acquaintance with V.Y.Sojymonov, con-tributed to the beginning of his connection with the Mining Cadet Corps. A notable event in Hum-boldt s life, which helped to establish and further develop those contacts, was his trip to the Urals and Siberia, where he met and worked with alumni and staff of the Mining Cadet Corps – P.P.Anosov, E.K.Hoffman, D.S.Menshenin, and G.P.Gelmersen. A number of Humboldt’s arti-cles, published in a scientific journal of the Corps «The Mining Journal», testify to those meetings. The article provides a conclusion, which is of great current interest, in connection with the anniversaries: 250 th anniversary of Freiberg Mining Academy; 240 th anniversary of the Mining Cadet Corps (nowadays – the National Mineral Resources University «The Mining University»), and 190 th anniversary of «The Mining Journal», - that those two core European educational institu-tions with the mining and geological specialization, in close and productive interaction played a key role in Humboldt’s life and professional activity.
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Date submitted2014-11-29
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Date accepted2015-01-09
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Date published2015-10-26
G.V.Bogomolov and his role in development of national hydrogeology
- Authors:
- D. L. Ustyugov
- L. P. Norova
In March 2015 the scientific community celebrated the 110th anniversary of the birth of one of the founders of the hydrogeological and engineering-geological school, an honouree of State Award of the USSR and the Byelorussian SSR, Academician Gerasim Vasilyevich Bogomolov. The article is devoted to several important stages of the development of Russian hydrogeology, which are primarily associated with the research conducted by G.V.Bogomolov. His role in the development of hydrogeology in Belarus, i.e. theory and practice of the use of groundwater, is emphasized. This article is about the man who was a brilliant geologist, scholar, lecturer and an outstanding research manager. G.V.Bogomolov founded a school of disciples and followers who continued to develop and put into practice the academician’s ideas in various branches of geological theory and practice.
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Date submitted2008-10-15
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Date accepted2008-12-21
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Date published2009-12-11
Prediction of reservoir properties by the acoustic impedance volume
- Authors:
- A. V. Ekimenko
Acoustic impedance and reservoir properties relations are analyzed in this paper. The author researches these relations on three areas in Timano-Pechora oil and gas basin. These relations may be as direct as inverse. Type of these relations depends on wave pattern. If wave pattern is difficult, detailed analyses and modeling are necessary.
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Date submitted2008-10-14
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Date accepted2008-12-21
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Date published2009-12-11
Results of profile magnetotelluric researches at the Ozernoye ore cluster in Buryatiya Republic
Primary results of MT profiles surveys interpretation are presented. The investigations have been carried out in 2007. Ozernoye pyrite-polymetallic deposit is of special interest. Magnetotelluric and audiomagnetotelluric investigations have been carried along one profile, crossing all over the territory of Ozernoye ore cluster, and along some more detailed profiles inside already discovered deposits. As a result of the investigations some new data on relict structure, which is the host of Ozernoye pyrite-polymetallic deposit, are obtaned.
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Date submitted1954-08-26
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Date accepted1954-10-06
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Date published1956-01-17
О формировании свойств глинистых пород
- Authors:
- Unknown
Поведение горных пород при воздействии на них тех или иных сооружений определяется их геолого-петрографическими и физико-механическими свойствами. Эти свойства они приобретают в ходе естественно-исторических процессов образования и последующего изменения в недрах земной коры под влиянием различных факторов. Вопрос о формировании строительных свойств горных пород впервые был выдвинут основоположником советской инженерной геологии акад. Ф. П. Саваренским. Им же и при его участии были выполнены первые большие исследования в этом направлении. В последующей разработке этого вопроса приняли участие многие специалисты-геологи. Изучению особенностей формирования свойств глинистых пород посвящены труды Б. М. Гуменского, Н. Я. Денисова, Г. С. Золотарева, Н. В. Коломенского, Г. А. Мавлянова, В. А. Приклонского, И. В. Попова, П. Н. Панюкова, И. И. Трофимова и других советских ученых. Рассмотрение условий образования глинистых отложений показывает, что первым этапом формирования осадка является аккумуляция тонкодисперсного материала механическим или химическим путем. В зависимости от условий накопления этого материала образуются осадки различного состава, свойств и состояния.
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Date submitted1954-08-07
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Date accepted1954-10-04
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Date published1956-01-17
Определение водопроницаемости горных пород и притока воды к водозаборам при развитии турбулентного движения подземных вод
- Authors:
- Unknown
Турбулентное движение подземных вод, как известно, возникает при значительных поперечных сечениях водопроводящих каналов в горных породах и достаточно высоких скоростях движения подземных вод и градиентах. Чаще развитие турбулентного движения наблюдается в трещиноватых породах, пересеченных открытыми трещинами со значительным просветом и в закарстованных породах. В рыхлых пористых породах возникновение турбулентного движения имеет место только в таких сильно проницаемых породах, как галечники и гравийно-галечные образования, причем скорости фильтрации и градиенты, при которых начинается развитие турбулентного движения в этих породах, значительно выше, чем в трещиноватых и закарстованных. В настоящее время в результате ряда исследовательских работ, проведенных в лабораторных и полевых условиях, установлено, что и в трещиноватых и даже закарстованных породах нередко имеет место ламинарное движение подземных вод. Поэтому и для подобных пород можно в определенных условиях пользоваться линейным законом фильтрации (законом Дарси) и основанными на этом законе зависимостями. В частности, движение подземных вод, наблюдаемое в естественных условиях, характеризуется небольшими гидравлическими уклонами и подчиняется обычно линейному закону, даже в породах, пересеченных крупными открытыми трещинами и нередко в закарстованных.
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Date submitted1954-07-01
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Date accepted1954-09-02
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Date published1955-11-17
Гидрогеологические наблюдения и их значение на примере освоения Селищенского месторождения
Гидрогеологические наблюдения за режимом подземных вод имеют большое значение при освоении месторождений, находящихся в сложных гидрогеологических условиях. Многочисленные примеры из практики освоения обводненных месторождений показывают, что причиной прорывов подземных вод в горные выработки часто является недостаточное изучение гидрогеологических условий месторождения и отсутствие контроля за режимом подземных вод. Прорывы подземных вод часто надолго задерживают ведение горных работ, а ликвидация их связана с крупными затратами материально-технических средств. Но при хорошо организованных гидрогеологических наблюдениях за режимом этих вод и правильной их интерпретации обычно удается предупредить возникновение прорывов, а если они произошли, то наметить быстрые и наиболее эффективные способы их ликвидации. При этом существенное значение имеет установление источника прорыва, что, естественно, облегчает борьбу с подземными водами.
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Date submitted1954-07-20
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Date accepted1954-09-04
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Date published1955-11-17
Гидрогеологические условия Баянгольского месторождения
В 1951 —1952 гг. нами проводилось изучение гидрогеологических условий Баянгольского угольного месторождения в юго-западном Забайкалье с целью оценки ожидаемых притоков подземных вод в горные выработки. Материалы проведенных исследований положены в основу настоящей статьи. Гидрогеологические условия района Баянгольского месторождения характеризуются большим разнообразием подземных вод, сложностью условий их формирования и взаимосвязи, и вместе с тем они довольно типичны для всего юго-западного Забайкалья. Баянгольское угольное месторождение расположено в бассейне р. Джиды в Закаменском районе Бурят-Монгольской АССР (рис. 1), в южной предгольцовой части хребта Хамар-Дабан, на водоразделе рр. Мыла—Бурун-Мылыхей (правый склон пади Баянгол). Хребет Хамар-Дабан является одним из ответвлений Восточного Саяна и представляет собой водораздел между системами рр. Джиды и Иркута.
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Date submitted1954-07-16
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Date accepted1954-09-19
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Date published1955-11-17
О некоторых особенностях вулканизма центральной части Сибирской платформы и закономерностях пространственного распределения месторождений исландского шпата
- Authors:
- Unknown
Совокупность магматических образований, связанных с верхнепалеозойским-нижнемезозойским магматическим циклом, близких по геологическому положению, а также по минералогическому и химическому составу, исследователи относят к формации сибирских траппов. В эту формацию включаются интрузивные и эффузивные породы основного состава, пирокластические образования туфогенной толщи ангарской серии (тунгусской свиты), возникшие за счет продуктов ранних фаз вулканической деятельности. Эти породы в пределах северной и центральной частей Сибирской платформы занимают огромную территорию. Так, например, туфогенные отложения конца палеозоя и начала мезозоя, а также перекрывающие их лавовые покровы располагаются в бассейнах рр. Нижней и Подкаменной Тунгусок, Курейки, Хатанги, верхнего и среднего течения Котуя, Хеты и верховий Оленека. Занимаемая ими площадь составляет не менее 700 000 км 2 . В настоящее время магматические образования данной территории привлекают большое внимание исследователей в связи с разработкой таких важных вопросов, как стратиграфия и тектоника вулканогенных образований и процессов вулканизма. Изучение указанных вопросов позволит выявить промышленные перспективы этой огромной территории.
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Date submitted1954-07-17
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Date accepted1954-09-25
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Date published1955-11-17
О происхождении «хаоса» Алупкинского парка
- Authors:
- Unknown
Геологии Крымского полуострова и развитым здесь изверженным породам посвящено много работ, большая часть которых основана на личных наблюдениях исследователей. Однако в ряде этих работ и в последующих сводках по Крыму до настоящего времени иногда повторяются неверные выводы некоторых исследователей. Неверные выводы можно встретить как в специальной литературе, так и в разного рода справочниках и путеводителях для туристов и экскурсантов. К ошибочным представлениям относится, в частности, вопрос об образовании «хаоса» Алупкинского парка, которому и посвящена настоящая статья. В свете этих представлений «хаос» объясняют как результат грандиозного обвала изверженных пород, перемещенных на значительное расстояние по склону от места своего коренного залегания.
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Date submitted1952-07-09
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Date accepted1952-09-29
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Date published1953-01-01
Hydrogeology of the USSR (Brief overview)
On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, a group of hydrogeologists from TsNIGRI — M. M. Vasilievsky, G. A. Lebedev, N. F. Pogrebov, N. A. Revunova, B. K. Terletsky and N. I. Tolstikhin — compiled a general hydrogeological map of the USSR on a scale of 1:5,000,000, with an explanatory note that was being prepared for publication. The war prevented the publication of the work. Most of the compilers of the map and the note — N. F. Pogrebov, M. M. Vasilievsky, G. A. Lebedev, B. K. Terletsky — died. Over the past decade, regional hydrogeology in the USSR has made great strides, but the explanatory note to the map has not lost its interest and significance, therefore, with the permission of the director of VSEGEI, Prof. L. Ya. Nesterov, it is printed in this edition. The map cannot be published by technical reasons. Instead, a hydrogeological zoning scheme is attached, compiled on the basis of a geological map on a scale of 1:7,500,000, published in 1950, taking into account the hydrogeological zoning maps prepared by M. M. Vasilievsky and G. A. Lebedev.
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Date submitted1951-08-27
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Date accepted1951-10-11
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Date published1952-11-20
Torpedoing hydrogeological wells to increase their water content
- Authors:
- V. I. Maksimov
Information on torpedoing hydrogeological wells as a method of increasing their flow rate is found in a number of works on hydrogeology and drilling. However, this method of exploring underground waters has not yet received wide application in the practice of hydrogeological research. This is explained by the lack of a developed torpedoing technique for testing hydrogeological wells. The proposed article examines some issues of the technique of torpedoing hydrogeological wells in order to increase their water content.
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Date submitted1951-08-16
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Date accepted1951-10-09
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Date published1952-11-20
Recrystallization and metasomatism processes in mica-bearing and ceramic pegmatites
- Authors:
- D. Nikitin
Until very recently, a common view of pegmatite genesis has not been established among a large circle of geologists studying pegmatite deposits. A. E. Fersman's theory of pegmatite formation is still widely popular. The enormous work of A. E. Fersman and his group of colleagues, aimed at collecting materials characterizing the mineral composition of pegmatites in almost all regions of the USSR, played a major positive role, attracting general attention to these deposits and thereby facilitating their rapid industrial development. This group of researchers rightly established that the formation of pegmatites is a very complex process occurring in changing physicochemical conditions and that, in accordance with changes in crystallization conditions, the paragenetic associations of the resulting minerals change. However, a number of fundamental provisions of A. E. Fersman's general theory of pegmatite genesis, as is known, have not been justified. A. E. Fersman's ideas that pegmatites are formed by means of successive crystallization in a closed system, the so-called pegmatite water-fire melt, highly enriched in volatile components, have long been met with objections.
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Date submitted1950-08-26
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Date accepted1950-10-28
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Date published1951-08-08
Methodology for the production of film monoliths
- Authors:
- V. N. Novozhilov
The article presents a method for making film monoliths, which we used in 1950 when studying the soil and ground conditions of the stadium sites of the DSO "Medic", named after V. I. Lenin in Leningrad and the City Stadium in Vyborg. We based the proposed method on some experience in making film monoliths by Professor K. Orvik and personal results of selecting monoliths at the indicated sites. The value of film monoliths for geologists and engineering geologists involved in studying the soil and ground conditions of construction sites, stadiums, etc. is obvious. Film monoliths can be of no less importance in geological mapping of Quaternary deposits represented by sandy, clayey and sandy loam rocks. It is known that when documenting sedimentary rocks with a loose structure, there is a desire to "reinforce" the sketch and description of the outcrop with samples with the most characteristic textural and structural features of these rocks, while preserving the sequence of stratification and the diversity of their color. Meanwhile, obtaining samples of loose rocks from deposits of cross-bedded sands, varved clays and lacustrine-marsh deposits is very difficult.
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Date submitted1950-08-01
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Date accepted1950-10-28
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Date published1951-08-08
About engineering geology and some questions from its history
- Authors:
- V. D. Lomtadze
The Central Committee of our party and Comrade Stalin personally have always paid and continue to pay great attention to the ideological training and education of personnel. This work is acquiring enormous importance now, when our country is going through a significant period of transition from socialism to communism. In accordance with the resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) on the journals "Zvezda" and "Leningrad", Soviet scientists were given the task of reviewing the development paths of individual branches of science, intensifying the fight against anti-scientific trends, the worship of foreign science and technology, and restoring the priority of Russian science. A sure means of combating the shortcomings of any work is criticism and self-criticism. "It is generally recognized," Comrade Stalin points out, "that no science can develop and succeed without a struggle of opinions, without freedom of criticism." This instruction from Comrade Stalin is of particular importance for engineering geology, the youngest of the geological disciplines, the history of whose development spans only two decades. Naturally, many provisions in engineering geology have not yet been sufficiently developed and formulated, and some are completely incorrect and erroneous. The present article is devoted to a critical examination of some of these provisions.
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Date submitted1948-07-12
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Date accepted1948-09-02
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Date published1949-11-04
On engineering-geological assessment of the threat of landslide phenomena
- Authors:
- V. L. Lomtadze
The history of mountain road operation shows that landslides are rare isolated episodes, but usually they are periodically repeated and pose a constant threat to the normal operation of such roads. Identifying areas that pose a threat of landslides and avalanches and assessing the degree of their threat to the road is one of the primary tasks both in designing various measures to protect existing roads and in designing new ones. However, no objective and uniform methodology for assessing the threat of rockfall phenomena has yet been developed. This work is an attempt to provide an approximate methodology for assessing the degree of threat of landslide phenomena to roads. Given the complexity of the solution to the issue under consideration and its novelty, this methodology cannot be considered fully developed, but it can already put an end to the existing inconsistency and provide an objective and uniform approach to this issue.
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Date submitted1947-07-01
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Date accepted1947-09-24
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Date published1949-01-11
On the issue of establishing intrusions in folded areas that preceded folding
- Authors:
- G. I. Sokratov
The problem of dividing intrusions in folded areas according to their relation to folding is one of the most difficult in geology. It is usually difficult to answer the question of the time of intrusion emplacement - before, during or after folding. Particularly difficult is the identification of intrusions in folded areas that were intruded into the host rocks before folding and, as a result of the latter superposition, even if their relatively older age is established in comparison with the following intrusions, can be taken for earlier manifestations directly related to the same folding. An exceptional feature of intrusions, the formation of which occurs before folding, is that, being located in quietly lying layered deposits, they form characteristic forms of concordant intrusive deposits, sills, which practically appear in the layered structure as intrusive layers, with all the ensuing consequences. It is precisely this circumstance that gives us a real opportunity to recognize such intrusions in the folded structure. The factual material of this article gives grounds to conclude that special attention must be paid to basic and ultrabasic intrusions from the point of view of the time of their appearance in relation to folding.
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Date submitted1947-07-14
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Date accepted1947-09-29
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Date published1949-01-11
К вопросу о движении подземных вод в трещиноватых породах
- Authors:
- E. E. Kerkis
Вопросы, связанные с движением подземных вод в трещиноватых породах, до настоящего времени слабо освещены в литературе. В руководствах по гидрогеологии приводится только схема движения воды по трещинам, предложенная еще в 1912 г. А. А. Краснопольским, предусматривающая турбулентный режим движения, выражаемый законом Шези. Между тем в настоящее время имеются расчетные и экспериментальные данные, позволяющие дать более полное освещение условий движения воды в трещиноватых породах, что может иметь существенное практическое значение. В настоящей краткой статье автор приводит произведенные им гидравлические расчеты, основанные на рассмотрении простейшей модели трещиноватой породы с учетом имевшихся экспериментальных материалов. В результате получены выводы, касающиеся режима движения воды в трещиноватых породах и зависимости водопроницаемости их от размеров и густоты трещин.
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Date submitted1947-07-28
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Date accepted1947-09-25
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Date published1949-01-11
Geological features of phlogopite deposits as their exploration indicators
- Authors:
- P. K. Grigoriev
This article briefly describes the characteristic geological features of the phlogopite deposits of the Slyudyanskii and Aldanskii districts, which are of exceptional importance in the search for and development of industrial deposits of this raw material. Of particular interest in terms of exploration are the wallrock alterations in the host rocks, represented by unique metasomatic green diopside rocks, with which the phlogopite deposits are closely related genetically and territorially. Therefore, the example of phlogopite deposits clearly shows the most important role of wallrock alterations in the host rocks as a search feature. In this article, using the example of phlogopite deposits, the importance of the problem of studying various metasomatic wallrock alterations is emphasized. The article notes the most characteristic search features of phlogopite deposits. Leningrad, 1946.