The duration of formation of mobile zones of Caledonides, Hercynides, Kimmerides and Alpides is on average the same and is 160+/-15 Ma. The ratio of the time of formation of orogenic structures to geosynclinal structures proper in the mobile zones hosting large stratified deposits of lead and zinc is 10 %, volcanogenic copper-zinc deposits - 33 %, and rare-metal (Sn, W, Mo, Ai) - 75 %. This circumstance is connected, apparently, with the degree of warming of the Earth's crust and its processing by mantle fluid flows.
Application of decryptometric survey for disassembling bearing rare-metal mineralization of granite massif of East Transbaikalia gave positive results. Two types of decryptograms are observed. The first one, with a distinct maximum in the temperature range of 300-550 °С, is characteristic for samples from steaming halos of unpromising Taptanai and Sakhanai massifs. The second, with distinct maxima at temperatures of 120; 250 and 400-600 °С, is characteristic of samples from the halos of the Dedonogorsky and Etykinsky massifs, which are associated with industrial rare-metal mineralization.
Deposits of rock crystal in the Subpolar Urals were discovered in the 1930s, when exploration work for the purpose of finding primary sources was carried out based on finds of surface placers of quartz crystals. Later, the main attention of geologists who studied and explored rock crystal deposits was directed to the study of the conditions of formation and distribution patterns of crystal-bearing bodies. Great progress has been made in solving this problem, and currently a considerable number of indirect indicators have been established that point to the possibility of finding blind pockets of rock crystal in a given area.
One of the essential questions arising in the analysis of ore-field structures is the establishment of the extent and nature of the influence of the specific physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks on the shape and spatial position of ore bodies. Interesting data on this issue were obtained during the study of the deposits of the Suraiz crystal-bearing field of the Subpolar Urals. A major role is played here by the type of lens structures developed in the host rocks.
Until very recently, a common view of pegmatite genesis has not been established among a large circle of geologists studying pegmatite deposits. A. E. Fersman's theory of pegmatite formation is still widely popular. The enormous work of A. E. Fersman and his group of colleagues, aimed at collecting materials characterizing the mineral composition of pegmatites in almost all regions of the USSR, played a major positive role, attracting general attention to these deposits and thereby facilitating their rapid industrial development. This group of researchers rightly established that the formation of pegmatites is a very complex process occurring in changing physicochemical conditions and that, in accordance with changes in crystallization conditions, the paragenetic associations of the resulting minerals change. However, a number of fundamental provisions of A. E. Fersman's general theory of pegmatite genesis, as is known, have not proved correct. A. E. Fersman's ideas that pegmatites are formed by means of successive crystallization in a closed system, the so‑called hydrous pegmatite melt, highly enriched in volatile components, have long been met with objections.
In the summer of 1910, while participating as a lecturer in the geological mapping of Mount Vysokaya (the work was carried out by Prof. V. V. Nikitin at the invitation of the Board of the Nizhny Tagil Plants), I collected a collection of rocks. This may be of some interest for elucidating the composition of the constituent rocks, as well as the genesis of this large deposit of magnetic iron ore.
