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Date submitted2002-08-16
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Date accepted2002-09-28
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Date published2003-11-13
Synthesis and hardware and software of optoelectronic devices and technology for monitoring forest ecosystems
- Authors:
- A. Yu. Belyaev
- R. E. Bykov
The results of the development of hardware and software and the principles of synthesis of interference-resistant optoelectronic systems on line-monitoring, including areas of forests, these technologies create fundamentally new opportunities in the field of environmental protection.
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Date submitted2002-08-14
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Date accepted2002-09-12
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Date published2003-11-13
Rational use of fuel and energy resources of the Leningrad Region
- Authors:
- A. A. Benin
- R. A. Azimov
Rational use of local fuel resources in the Leningrad Region should be based on the widespread introduction of briquette fuel from forest waste peat. Developed systems for processing of primary raw materials and mobile resources, creating conditions for employment of the population and reducing the burden on the environment.
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Date submitted2002-08-22
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Date accepted2002-09-05
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Date published2003-11-13
Forest management regulation of regenerative successions of forest ecosystems in Northwest Russia
- Authors:
- E. S. Melnikov
- E. N. Kuznetsov
Regenerative succession is a natural response of forest ecosystems to economic impact. In forestry practice it is necessary to take into account regularities of regenerative reactions, to predict structural and functional changes in forest ecosystem, to correct regenerative processes, optimizing the solution of economic tasks. A comprehensive study assessed the impact of primary felling and various forest maintenance methods on the state of forest ecosystems: their productivity, sustainability, floristic diversity, the features of anthropogenic impact on the forest environment were studied, the dynamics and mechanisms of restorative reactions were revealed. Measures to improve the practice of economic impact on forest ecosystems were proposed. Particular attention is paid to theoretical aspects of the integrity and sustainability of forest ecosystems.
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Date submitted2002-08-10
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Date accepted2002-09-17
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Date published2003-11-13
Development of technology for manufacturing plywood and glue veneer from aspen wood
- Authors:
- V. I. Onegin
- A. N. Chubinskii
Large reserves of aspen and its rapid natural reproduction require urgent measures to find ways of wide industrial use of this wood species. According to the results of the study of the structure and physical and mechanical properties of wood, technologies for the production of glued board (semi-finished products for furniture production), plywood made of aspen, creating protective and decorative coatings have been developed and proposed for industrial use. The sequence of technological operations; ways of limiting wood defects and processing defects; parameters of quality control of products and operations and parameters of processing modes and conditions are substantiated.
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Date submitted2002-08-11
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Date accepted2002-09-11
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Date published2003-11-13
Principles of environmental assessment of the state and anthropogenic disturbance of forest ecosystems
- Authors:
- A. A. Selivanov
- A. V. Gryazkin
Plantations of the green zone are exposed to a set of adverse factors of different origin. For the theoretical justification of the planned forestry measures, improvement of quality control of their implementation and analysis of the impact of the work performed on the state of forest ecosystems it is necessary to clarify the concepts and terminology used in the assessment of the state. Quantitative and qualitative methods of assessment, monitoring and forecasting the state of forest biogeocenoses are considered.
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Date submitted2002-08-26
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Date accepted2002-09-02
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Date published2003-11-13
Environmental restoration of degraded forest phytocenoses
- Authors:
- G. P. Fedoseeva
- T. A. Radchenko
- V. I. Yuzhakov
The work is focused on the development of scientific foundations for the restoration of degraded forest ecosystems and was carried out in the forest park part of the Botanical Garden, which has been under anthropogenic influence for a long time. As a result of the geobotanical survey, a high degree of vegetation degradation was established. An environmentally appropriate list of plants was prepared for the restoration of the floristic composition of the area. Reintroduction of 61 species from 31 families was carried out using planting material from garden nurseries and natural habitats. Observations of the initial stages of formation of reintroduction populations of a number of protected species were conducted.
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Date submitted2002-08-06
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Date accepted2002-09-07
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Date published2003-11-13
Mycobiota in the structure of oak forest ecosystems
The studies conducted allowed us to establish that representatives of pathogenic mycobiota, developing on trees as consumers, intensify the processes of degradation and disintegration of weakened and unstable forest ecosystems. Pathogenic fungi have a significant negative impact on the differentiation of trees in the forest, on the processes of seed and vegetative reproduction of tree species. A comparative analysis of heavy metal content at different trophic levels (consumers and decomposers) in forest ecosystems with the participation of representatives of mycobiota was carried out.
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Date submitted2002-08-11
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Date accepted2002-09-30
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Date published2003-11-13
Using morphophysiological assessment of pine stands in determining the sustainability of forest ecosystems
- Authors:
- S. A. Shavnin
- V. V. Fomin
- N. V. Marina
A complex of field, laboratory and theoretical studies was conducted, including selection, laying and silvicultural-taxation and soil survey of sample areas, regular collection and physiological and biochemical analyses of pine needles samples, measurement of electrophysiological characteristics of trunk tissues, mathematical and statistical analysis of data and spatial modeling with GIS. Based on the data obtained, the state of the stands was studied. The results of the research allow us to objectively classify the trees in the studied sample areas according to the degree of stability to three successively changing states: normal, transitional and critical.
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Date submitted2002-08-08
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Date accepted2002-09-08
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Date published2003-11-13
A set of technical means and methods for environmental monitoring of forest and urban ecosystems
Based on the results of the study of modern space and ground-based technical means and methods used in environmental monitoring, the most promising of them are selected and the directions of their further development are proposed. The results of studies of the whole complex of problems are given; theoretical and methodological solutions are confirmed by field experiments. The created devices and technologies are protected by patents and have practical application. A wide cycle of researches in the field of ecology is carried out for verification of results of monitoring and determination of prospects of the further development.
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Date submitted2002-08-21
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Date accepted2002-09-13
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Date published2003-11-13
Dynamics of changes in floodplain forest ecosystems under conditions of anthropogenic processes (the example of the Western Caucasus)
- Authors:
- V. A. Alekseenko
- A. B. Sannikova
Difference of climatic factors, complex relief, peculiarities of soil-forming and soil-bearing rocks, soils, vegetation cover determined the diversity of floodplain geochemical landscapes of the Western Caucasus. A large area of floodplains in the Western Caucasus is occupied by biogenic landscapes. Economic activities of man during the development of floodplains largely transformed the original natural landscapes. Some of them have been partially changed. For example, deforestation led to the change of its species composition. Other natural floodplain landscapes disappeared altogether, and new man-made landscapes (mainly agricultural and residential) appeared in their place. Comprehensive detailed studies of floodplain landscapes of the Western Caucasus have allowed us to assess the ecological and geochemical condition of forest ecosystems and the dynamics of its change during technogenic transformation.
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Date submitted2000-10-29
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Date accepted2000-11-14
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Date published2001-12-28
On integrated environmental monitoring of forest and urban ecosystems
- Authors:
- V. S. Shalaev
- T. D. Znamenskaya
New methods and means used at modular-block principle of construction of ecological monitoring system of forest and urban ecosystems are considered: complex method of estimation of environment and vegetation condition in zones of intensive anthropogenic impact with application of ground and remote means; measuring systems on the basis of film sensors of sorption type for estimation of air pollution; systems and means of measurements on the basis of fiber-optic technologies; atmospheric pollution monitoring systems based on the use of electromagnetic waves, etc.
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Date submitted2000-10-16
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Date accepted2000-11-22
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Date published2001-12-28
Mycorrhizae of self-sown oak cherry in forest plantations of Ulyanovsk region
- Authors:
- B. P. Churakov
- L. R. Aleeva
Quantitative dynamics of mycorrhizal endings development of self-sown oak seedlings during one vegetative period on the laid sample plot was studied. The obtained data showed that the maximum number of mycorrhizae on the roots of oak self-seedlings is formed by the end of the vegetation period, and this pattern can be traced at all stages of recreational digression. It was found that in forest communities of the Ulyanovsk region self-seeded oak cherry exists in an oblique interaction with ectomycorrhizal fungi, which is expressed in the formation of ectomycorrhizae on the roots of plants, which are transformed into sucking roots of plants.
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Date submitted2000-10-07
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Date accepted2000-11-12
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Date published2001-12-28
Criterion for sustainable forest management
- Authors:
- A. M. Tsypuk
- A. V. Rodionov
A new methodology for assessing and comparing the economic efficiency of forest area development options by the indicator of resource consumption, taking into account the expert assessment of their significance, is presented. The results of expert assessments of criteria of resource consumption for harvesting and reforestation works are analyzed.
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Date submitted2000-10-07
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Date accepted2000-11-22
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Date published2001-12-28
Complex influence of mountainous terrain and air-industrial pollution on biometric characteristics of pine plantations
- Authors:
- V. V. Fomin
- S. A. Shavnin
Geomorphology of the territory is one of the main factors influencing the formation of atmochemical pollution halos of forest ecosystem areas. As a result of the conducted research, spatial regularities of distribution of stand parameters depending on the terrain characteristics were quantitatively established. It was revealed that the increase in elevation, distance to the sources of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere and decrease in illumination of the macro-slope is accompanied by a decrease in the average diameter and height of stands. The differentiation of the degree of influence of natural and anthropogenic factors is adequately assessed by the equation of dependence of basic forest taxation characteristics of plantations on the parameters of forest site location.
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Date submitted2000-10-19
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Date accepted2000-11-13
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Date published2001-12-28
Mathematical model of shoot morphology - development and prospects of application
Indicator plants allow to determine the state and stability of phytocenosis. The study of properties of indicator plants is possible with the help of a mathematical model of shoot morphology. Due to the impact of environmental factors, plants change the structure of stem and leaf. The development of a mathematical model of the shoot is carried out by determining the parameters of morphology and architectonics of stem and leaf. For this purpose, the dimensions of morphology elements are investigated and the proportions between them are established. An important characteristic of an indicator plant is the amount of variation in the size or proportion of a morphology element relative to the average. If the variation of parameters of morphology or architectonics element is very large, it cannot be used to indicate the impact of environmental factor on the plant. In case the parameters of morphology or architectonics elements are stable, they can be used for a mathematical model of a shoot. An indicator plant should have at least one stable parameter of morphology or architectonics that changes its value under the influence of an environmental factor.
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Date submitted2000-10-29
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Date accepted2000-11-03
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Date published2001-12-28
Sustainable forest management in the green zone of St. Petersburg
- Authors:
- A. A. Selivanov
- A. S. Alekseev
- A. V. Lyubimov
The theory and methods of organization and management of sustainable forestry in the green zone of St. Petersburg are developed. The methods of determining the boundaries, size and functional zoning of the green zone forests taking into account their impact on the carbon cycle are considered. The structure of multilevel GIS for information support of inventory and sustainable management of green zone forests is proposed.
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Date submitted2000-10-01
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Date accepted2000-11-21
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Date published2001-12-28
Industrial utilization of aspen wood - an effective direction for sustainable forest management
- Authors:
- V. I. Onegin
- A. N. Chubinskii
Large reserves of aspen and its rapid natural reproduction require urgent measures to find ways for wide industrial use of this wood species. On the basis of research of structure and physical and mechanical properties of wood the technologies of manufacturing of glued board (semi-finished product of furniture production) and plywood from aspen are developed and proposed for industrial use. The sequence of technological operations, norms of limitation of wood vices and processing defects, parameters of quality control of products and operations, parameters of processing modes and conditions are substantiated.
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Date submitted2000-10-13
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Date accepted2000-11-24
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Date published2001-12-28
Main regularities of restoration processes in forest ecosystems of the North-West of Russia disturbed by economic impact
- Authors:
- E. S. Melnikov
- E. N. Kuznetsov
The creative team of the Department of Forestry and Forest Management studies the reaction of forest biogeocenoses to the economic impact (thinning, thinning and complex forest care), reveals the dynamics, nature and direction of regenerative processes, systemic changes in forest ecosystems. It is noted that regenerative reactions are manifested in the form of external (exogenous) and internal (endogenous) changes and are the result of complex transformations in the system of structural and functional relationships. The core of regenerative processes are compensatory properties of the natural system, which ensure the possibility of realizing the resource-saving function in it and maintaining the stability of the biocycle. The results of experiments with logging and various forest management methods confirm these provisions and allow us to move from experimental and theoretical studies to practical recommendations.
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Date submitted2000-10-20
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Date accepted2000-11-13
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Date published2001-12-28
Optimization of trophic chains in forests
The first stage of the strategy of optimization of trophic chains in forests at the level of gene pool of producers - environment was developed with the help of Saprleskhoz. The realization of the system will increase the productivity of the region's forests by 32 %.
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Date submitted2000-10-09
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Date accepted2000-11-04
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Date published2001-12-28
Use of new environmental-geochemical indicators of the state and dynamics of anthropogenic changes in forest ecosystems on the example of the Western Caucasus and the Pre-Caucasus
As new ecological and geochemical indicators of ecosystems state it is proposed to use the indicators of absolute (IAA) and relative (IRA) accumulation of chemical elements in certain geochemical systems. The example of forest landscapes of the Western Caucasus shows the change of these indicators during the transition to landscapes of orchards, rain-fed fields, rice checks. In the soils of the considered anthropogenic systems various elements affecting the chemical composition of agricultural products are accumulated and removed from them.