Geodynamically active zones include zones of tectonic stress concentration and crustal deformations. They are characterized by increased values of stress state of fracturing, permeability, engineering-geological properties of geological environment, as well as geophysical anomalies, specific development of related exogenous processes. As an example, the Seversk-Donets neotectonic zone of structural unconformities and increased geodynamic activity in the area of junction of the southern wing of the Voronezh arch with the Donetsk ridge and the Karpinsky rampart are considered. New data on the right thrust stresses in this zone, as well as mining-geological and geo-environmental aspects of its manifestation are discussed.
Analysis of the geological structure, composition of the structural-material complexes of greenstone belts allowed us to distinguish three types of such structures and develop geodynamic models of their formation. For each of the allocated belt types, productive formations (sedimentary, volcanogenic, intrusive), the staging of which they are formed, and the main ore-controlling and ore-rolling factors are determined.
Geodynamically active zones are neotectonic linear structures separating crustal blocks of different ranks, in which these blocks interact with each other. For this reason, such zones are in a relatively high stress state. The degree of activity of such zones depends on the amplitudes of tectonic movements, the types of these movements and the style of interaction between the blocks. Their activity is well reflected in the relief. The ecological significance of such zones has been assessed. The tectonic structure and geomorphologic appearance, conditions and history of formation of some geodynamically active zones have been studied. They have different ranks and scales, depth of occurrence, size and age. These are the Ox-Don trough with internal zones of the second order in the center of the Russian plate, the Urzhumo-Orenburg zone of structural discordance in the east of the same plate, the Kuloi-Lou Pinega zone in the northernmost part of the Russian plate and some others.
Three genetic types of greenstone belts have been identified: plumtectonic, transitional, and playtectonic. The formation of greenstone belts of the plumtectonic type, caused by plumtectonics, occurred in the conditions of predominance of vertical tectonic movements on the basite composition protocols and led to the formation of microcontinents and primary accumulation of ore components. Greenstone complexes of belts of this type are characterized by the lowest ore content. The belts of the transitional type, which developed at the boundaries of microcontinents in the conditions of the initial form of plate tectonics manifestation, are the most productive; their structural-material complexes contain unique deposits of gold, ferruginous quartzites, sulfide copper-nickel and cupro-nickel ores. Pleitetectonic belts were laid down as riftogenic structures on the continental crust and developed in accordance with the Wilson cycle, which caused their complex structure and the combination of deposits that originated in different geodynamic conditions in space.
