The differential-normalized method of electrical exploration (DNME), by means of polarization study of the secondary sulphidation zone (depth ~ 0,4-0,6 km), allows making conclusion about existence and parameters of an oil and gas deposit (depth up to ~ 2-5 km). The approximate solution of the system of nonlinear differential equations in partial derivatives for concentration of sulfur-hydrogen and pyrite (polarizability) as the function of oil-gas deposit depth has been received. The results are confirmed by experimental investigations in the North Sea.
The use of the geoelectrochemical method of ion-selective electrodes for continuous recording of hydrocarbon micro-components – heavy metals – during the vessel movement to search for oil and gas deposits on the shelf is justified theoretically and experimentally. The existence of «jet» halos in the water column above the shelf oil and gas deposits is discovered experimentally and the method of geoelectrochemical ion-selective electrodes as well as the developed instrumentation for recording these halos is described. The application of a new geoelectrochemical method for prospecting in motion (without sampling) both structural and non-structural oil and gas deposits on the shelf is justified.
Possibility of the natural electric field formation in conditions of the lateritic weathering crust of the ultra basic rocks in presence of extended in depth magnetite bearing bodies is proved. Theoretical curves of concentration of the dissolved oxygen and oxidized forms of magnetite are obtained. It is enough satisfied coincidence with the experimental data.
They considered the possibilities of transfer of liquefied hydrocarbon gases through pipelines. It is proposed EC-use new technology based on the use of add in LNG (liquefied natural gas) gas condensate.
The way of pipeline construction in areas of high seismic activity. Plates, which located on the ground surface and fixed in the ground by means of four supports, are used to compensate for the seismic loads. On each shoulder by a hinge to rotate in a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the pipe installed two-arm lever, one arm of which is oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, and its hinged to tie attached to it, and the second arm is oriented at a right angle to the shoulder is directed along the axis of the pipeline and is pivotally connected to the rod.
The theoretical basis for correlation between the results of two geoelectrochemical methods at different depths of sampling is presented. The field data confirm the conclusion.
It is proposed to use interpretational spatial distributions of effective parameters of the medium under investigation instead of measured fields in the process of comprehensive prediction-prospecting investigations. There are used effectively: effective density, effective magnetization, intensity of probable sources of geochemical anomalies.
The problems of progression of geoelectrochemical technologies are considered. Simplifying algorithm of the flow aureole modeling is described. Examples of the geoelectrochemical technologies application in the search for ore lodes and oil and gas pools are presented.
Широко используемые при поисках нефтегазовых и рудных месторождений геофизические методы, в том числе и магнитотеллурические, не позволяют достаточно уверенно изучать вещественный состав объектов. Для решения задачи можно использовать в комплексе разработанные в России глубинные геоэлектрохимические методы, основанные на изучении струйных ореолов рассеяния.Дано краткое физико-геологическое и физико-математическое обоснование струйной миграции вещества в земной коре, приведены примеры распределения концентрации в струйном ореоле в слоистом геологическом разрезе, оценено влияние вертикальных разломов.
A physical and mathematical model of the formation of a dispersion halo of a hydrothermal source located on the ocean floor is presented. According to the experimental data, the formation of such a halo occurs in a stratified (two-layer) medium. The system of stationary differential equations of convective diffusion at constant values of vertical and horizontal components of the velocity vector of quasi-convection, diffusion coefficient, absorption coefficient of dissolved matter, taking into account the transition of dissolved matter into solid phase by precipitation or sorption on suspended particles, within each of the layers is solved. Solutions of the simplified system of stationary differential equations of convective diffusion are given. The developed model satisfactorily describes the available experimental data, which allows us to recommend it for theoretical study of the concentration distribution of the mobile component in a hydrothermal halo.
The article provides information about the results of the development of theoretical and experimental foundations of nonlinear geoelectrochemical methods. Geophysical and physical and mathematical models of jet diffusive galation of oil and gas deposits in heterogeneous soil are presented. The results of computer geophysical technology for studying the interwell space using seismic methods with a new borehole source of elastic vibrations using electrohydraulic effect initiated by an explosive wire. The survey is used to detect unswept oil in the late stages of reservoir development or in fields affected by branched and horizontal wells. The use of tomographic measurements in data processing enables detection of zones of residual oil saturation (unstrained oil) in the interwell space and additional recovery of hydrocarbons using branched operated wells driven from working wells.
To evaluate the efficiency of the shape of the working surface of the heating device (penetrator) of thermal drilling, it was previously proposed to use their efficiency.
The magnitude of the limiting current of the electrochemical reaction, determined by the contact method polarization curve (CMPC), is used to quantify the parameters of the ore body (mineral concentration, mineral reserves, etc.).
The limiting current of the electrochemical reaction is the main parameter of the polarization curve used in the quantitative interpretation of data from contact and non-contact methods of polarization curves (CMPC and NCPC).
The method of partial extraction of metals is applied in the search for deep deposits in two variants: extraction under the action of an active electric field (PEM) and diffusive extraction of metals under the action of electrochemical potentials (PEM-MDI).
Consider the equation of the polarization curve for a flat electrode in the course of electrochemical reactions on it of various types.
In laboratory methods of polarographic analysis, the fluid under study is mixed with an indifferent electrolyte of high concentration called a polarographic background ...
Hydrological studies have established that two types of water are present in the eastern part of the Gulf of Finland: fresh waters carried by the Neva River, possibly contaminated by industrial and domestic waste, and more saline and cleaner waters coming from the western part of the Gulf of Finland ...
Some geological formations with increased radioactivity, due to the release of emanations in them, create emanation halos around themselves. The main mechanisms of scattering in this case are diffusion and convection. The use of radioactive search methods requires studying the concentration distribution in such halos. For the case of emanation propagation in loose sediments covering an infinite radioactive half-space, there are methods for calculating the concentration under the combined action of diffusion and convection and separately. For local objects such as veins, strata extending beneath sediments, there is only the theory of Diffusion halos developed by Yu.P.Bulashevich.
Laboratory methods of studying the composition of liquid substances have developed earlier than solid substances. However, to study the composition of matter in remote measurements (e.g., in a borehole), mainly physical methods that do not utilize the properties of the liquid phase are used.
The experimentally substantiated hypothesis of the existence of film halos was first put forward by N. F. Mayorov. A system of differential equations was proposed to quantitatively describe the concentration distribution in film halos...
One of the important tasks of borehole logging in ore districts is to delineate ore intervals and determine the metal content of the ore. At the sulfide copper-nickel deposits of the Pechenga region, the complex of geophysical methods now confidently distinguish only the zones of sulfide mineralization, to which the ores are confined...
In permeable rock formations, natural filtration of formation water can be observed, corresponding to its movement from the supply area to the discharge area. If a well intersects such rocks, this phenomenon affects the temperature regime of the medium in it.
The calculation of the concentration of emanation in a mine workings traversed in radioactive rocks is of interest for mining and radiometric applications. Let, for example, there are two environments - an active space A and a cylindrical mine workings B of diameter 2a . Space A is characterized by the apparent diffusion coefficient D1 and porosity coefficient η1, space B by the apparent diffusion coefficient D and porosity coefficient η.
As it is known, almost all gamma-radiation of equilibrium uranium series is accounted for by the radium part: short-lived radon decay products Ra (B + C). For the MS-type counters the gamma-radiation of the uranium part of the series is only 5.1%, and Ra (B + C) -94.9% of the total intensity. Removal of radon from the rock as a result of emanation leads to a corresponding decrease in the content of its decay products in the rock and, consequently, to a decrease in the intensity of gamma-radiation. The emanation factor of ores in the crushed state reaches several tens of percent. Although the emanation factor in natural conditions is usually lower, this fact requires mandatory study. The emanation correction α' must be taken into account in the interpretation of gamma-ray measurements.
