The analysis shows a sharp aggravation of resource replenishment problem on the mining enterprises of the country. The share explored to date active bauxite stocks is 60-68 %. Provision of proven bauxite reserves has reached a critically low level, and a strategic reserve for existing fields is insufficient. The situation is aggravated by the lack of new mining facilities and the discontinuance of exploration. While the resource base preparation in the volume, cost-effective for industrial development, requires 10-15 years with a concentration of significant resources. Unfortunately, in Russia there is no high quality bauxite, which is global alumina industry based on. One solution to this problem is to engage in the Bayer process production the low-quality bauxite with thermochemical pre-conditioning. Despite high energy costs, calcinations condition allows bauxite materials for a variety of technologically harmful contaminants such as organics, sulfide sulfur, carbonates, and post-treatment circulating alkaline solutions to improve the silicon module of bauxite concentrate. On the example of high-silicon chromium Severoonezhsk bauxite shows the positive role of calcinations in their processing and increase the possibility of multiple silicon module of bauxite ore, successfully processed by the Bayer method. Laboratory tests confirmed by the experimental-industrial tests.
At the present time the demand of manganese is high in Russia. Metallurgy industry lacks of high quality manganese products. They make strict requirements to manganese concentrates for phosphorous content. It is possible to increase the quality of manganese concentrates and to use law-quality manganese raw material in the processing by means of hydrometallurgical processing.
The present paper is devoted to the research of a spatially one-dimensional model of flocculated suspensions in the clarifier–thickener. This model unites a theory of sedimentation– consolidation processes of flocculated suspensions, which leads to a strongly degenerate diffusion equation, with the discontinuous flux. The development of steady-state concentration pro- files in a continuously operated clarifier-thickener is described. Numerical examples for construction of steady-state profiles and their applications for comparisons different modes of operation, to the control of sediment height are presented.
The presence of even harmonic components of current and, above all, the harmonic component with a frequency of 100 Hz is possible only if the electric circuit elements, the resistance of which depends on the direction of current. Such elements may be a contact of electrode with the melt and the electric arc AC. Change the relative content in electrode current harmonic component with a frequency of 100 Hz dependent from the penetration of the electrode in the melt and the degree of electric arc development.
The article is devoted to research work, in which an attempt was made to apply the Blaine-meter for direct assessment of filterability of different materials. In the theoretical part of the article the main laws linking the Blaine index of the powder material and the average specific cake resistance are described. A number of experiments with materials taken from actual operating plants were carried out. To determine the Blaine-index the laboratory Blaine-meter was used, and to determine the average specific cake resistance standard tests of filterability on the batch pressure filter were carried out. As a result of processing experimental data and the necessary calculations direct relations between the Blaine-index and average specific cake resistance were obtained.
Possible reasons arising destroying of storage and apparatuses for potential hazard materials have been analyzed. Thermal explosion has been indicated as one of most impotent reasons of destroying chemical reactors and storages. Basic equations for describing of this phenomena have been evaluated for different type geometry and conditions of heat exchange on outside surface. Numerical procedures have been proposed and tested for solving and analyzing of evaluated equations with using special program package ThermEx. Processes of evaluation arising clouds of hazard substances have been considered. Basic mathematical equations have been proposed for analyze of considered processes. The procedure for solving of considered problems has been proposed and tested on base of special program package ReactOp.
The equation describing regularities of kinetics of the flotation process is offered. The improved equation of kinetics of flotation enables objective determination of the time-limit of completion of the process.
The updated equation under certain conditions that is offered hereinafter can coincide with the known equation of Bugera-Baire, but it also represents peculiarities of actual systems more precisely. The equation can be applied for determination of values of the generalized optico-geometrical parameter of a radiation flux and simulation of heat flows of technological processes.
The article dedicates to the problem of control of structure of technological solution of productions cycle in the mining factory, we described different photometrical methods of determination its structure. For rise and stability of equation of connection we can suggest to realize logometrical principle with fast difference of optical base in factory of photometrical analysators and the opportunity to change long of waves of emanation. You can see the scheme of work this factory and results of dimension.
In this article we gave review of production, which is made by OJSC «SPA Pribor». You can see the main characteristics of this apparatures. We detaility described gas analyzers for control of structure of different gases mixes.
The paper discusses esteemed problems of information support as a result of issuing scientific and technical literature by the Ore and Metals Publishing house.
The paper discusses esteemed problems of information support as a result of issuing art literature by the Ore and Metals Publishing House.
To establish the physicochemical nature of phases in matte and matte, it is necessary to consider binary systems Cu-S, Ni-S, Fe-S, because the structural components in these systems can serve as phases in matte and matte, as well as be the beginning of the formation of new phases in them.
The article describes the possibilities of application of neural network technologies in the control system of the melting process in the furnace. The variants of using neural networks both in local control loops and in the control system of the whole process are shown. Advantages and disadvantages of such systems are considered. The example of creation of the simplest neural network regulator for stabilization of parameters is given.
The article describes the signal paths of modern control systems. The method of error accumulation to the signal is shown, an example of calculation of such an error is given. Some variants of solving the problem of reducing this error are offered.
This report considers the problem of analyzing the concentration of suspended particles in dispersed media and the concentration of components in regular solutions. The logometric method recommended by the Metallurgical Faculty of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute allows to solve this problem and increase the efficiency of process control in the mining and metallurgical industry without complicating the analytical system.
The paper describes the operation and control system of modern press filters on the example of LaroxPF filters installed in the roasting shop of Pechenganickel Combine. The main problems of improving and optimizing the operation of press filters are identified and a method of their solution is proposed by drawing up regression dependencies for the main characteristics of filter operation based on experimental data.
A numerical approach to solving the problem of dissociation of natural calcium carbonate represented by a piece of limestone or chalk having a spherical shape is considered. The modeling takes into account the mutual influence of thermal and mass transfer factors, as well as thermochemical kinetics of the dissociation process.
The mathematical description of the technology of firing of lump limestone raw materials in a shaft kiln equipped with burner devices providing preliminary gas combustion is given. The model takes into account the peculiarities of the process of dissociation of carbonate component of raw materials, uses equations describing the kinetics of the drying process, conditions of counter-flow of gases and material, regularities of distribution of material and gas flows along the cross-section and height of the shaft. The developed model represents a stationary two-dimensional solution of the problem.
The issues of chemical sulfuric-acid leaching of oxide manganese-containing raw materials in the presence of reducing agents for the purpose of further obtaining high-quality dephosphorus concentrates are considered. The efficiency of using organic acids and alcohols as reducing agents is shown.
An interval-simplex method of transforming kinetic equations of various degrees of complexity into a form convenient for practical engineering calculations to determine the parameters included in these equations is considered. This method allows to transform kinetic equations into a dimensionless form using simplex similarity. Representations of the interval-simplex method for transformation of equations describing regularities of kinetics of heterogeneous and homogeneous chemical processes of dissolution, leaching, as well as complex autoclave processes are considered.
Regularities of particle residence time distribution in the pilot fluidized bed furnace with return cyclones are investigated. The parameters of curve functions of particle residence time distribution at the furnace outlet for cinders and dust at the outlet from the return cyclone were determined: average residence time, dispersion and number of cells in the cell model. It is established that the flow structure in the studied fluidized bed furnace is close to the model of ideal mixing.
This work is focused on creating a technological option for joint processing of BOF, blast furnace and open-hearth dusts with subsequent involvement of semi-products in the main production of Severstal and similar enterprises.
The basic dependences of filtration, flow formation and drying processes given in various scientific papers are generalized. A detailed algorithm for calculating these processes has been developed, taking into account hydrodynamic and heat and mass transfer patterns of the above processes. On the basis of previously collected experimental data the possibility of application of LAROX OY filter-press for filtration of crushed ore suspension at hydrometallurgical enterprises has been substantiated. Experimental data on separation of suspensions are processed and prepared for numerical calculation.
A brief summary of the research and engineering work performed by professors, graduate students, and students of the Department of Furnaces, Control and Automation of Metallurgical Processes in 2000 is given. Two main directions of research activities were modeling of technological equipment for metal production and modeling of control systems for industrial metallurgical furnaces. In the first direction of research the following mathematical models were developed: converter conversion of smelting shop of Pechenganickel metallurgical plant; ore thermal smelting process; dissolution and liquation processes; waste water treatment using calcium hydrocarboaluminate. The technology of zinc-tin iron dust processing in a rotary kiln was also developed. A method of separating suspensions using LAROX PF press-filters was introduced. The second area of research includes works on development of spectral density method for synthesis of control systems with intermittent lag and on improvement of efficiency of manipulation of gas regimes in converters.
В металлургической и химической отраслях промышленности широкое распространение получили реакторы с циркуляцией реагентов. Применение циркуляции позволяет достаточно точно регулировать степень превращения реагирующих веществ, проводить процесс с избыточным количеством одного из реагентов, который вводится с рециркулянтом и уменьшает выход побочных продуктов реакции ...
