Compressed air as a type of safe technological energy carrier is widely used in many industries. In economically developed countries energy costs for the production and distribution of compressed air reach 10 % of the total energy costs. The analysis of compressed air production and distribution systems in the industrial sector shows that the efficiency of the systems is at a relatively low level. This is due to the fact that insufficient attention is paid to these systems since the compressed air systems energy monitoring has certain difficulties – the presence of complex and branched air pipeline networks with unique characteristics; low sensitivity of the equipment which consumes compressed air; the complexity of auditing pneumatic equipment that is in constant operation. The article analyzes the options for reducing the cost of production and compressed air distribution. One of the promising ways to reduce the compressed air distribution cost is timely detection and elimination of leaks that occur in the external air supply network of the enterprise. The task is solved by hardware-software monitoring of compressed air pressure at key points in the network. The proposed method allows real-time detecting of emerging air leaks in the air duct network and sending commands to maintenance personnel for their timely localization. This technique was tested in the industrial conditions of ALROSA enterprises on the air pipeline network of the Mir mine of the Mirninsky Mining and Processing Plant and showed satisfactory convergence of the calculated leakage values with the actual ones. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the developed method for monitoring air leaks in the air duct network is simple, it requires an uncomplicated software implementation and allows to localize leaks in a timely manner, thereby reducing unproductive energy costs at the enterprises.
The natural aspects of the accident risk at the Pascuales – Cuenca multiple-use pipeline (Ecuador) are analysed in the paper. The Russian Methodological recommendations for the quantitative analysis of accident risks at hazardous production plants of oil trunk pipelines and oil product trunk pipelines issued in 2016 are used as a methodological framework due to relatively poorly defined evaluation mechanism for natural factors of accidents at oil trunk pipelines in the most widespread international accident risk assessment methodologies. The methodological recommendations were updated to meet the environmental conditions of oil pipelines of Latin America. It was found that the accidents due to natural factors make up approximately 15 % of cases at oil trunk pipelines in Ecuador. Natural geographical features of the areas surrounding the main Ecuadorian Pascuales–Cuenca oil trunk pipeline and its relatively short length allow defining three zones along the line in terms of the accident risk: lowland coastlines, high plateaus, and foothills. Calculations and analysis revealed that the maximum predicted specific frequency of accidents is characteristic of the lowland seaside area. The evidence showed that physical and chemical properties of soils and significant seismic activity are the root causes of failures.
The article describes the methodological approaches to the expert assessment of the occupational health and safety both in individual enterprises and in the individual territorial units. The advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods of injuries and occupational diseases analysis are represented. In the article a new methodological apparatus, based on the account of sectoral and spatial and territorial factors is offered. The results of the analysis of sectoral and regional distribution of industrial accidents and occupational diseases are represented. The presence of a significant imbalance between the studied parameters in the mining industry: it accounts for 5,9 % of all reported accidents, with 29 % of cases of occupational diseases. For a more accurate assessment of industrial safety expert status provided the use of factors of production troubles the industry and the individual territorial units. It was found that the greatest value of the proposed coefficients correspond to the mining industry and the Kemerovo region.
One of the most perspective recultivation directions of the fulfilled sandy open-cast mines is water economic. There of working out of new more simple and economic projects water economic recultivation is required, thus capable in a complex to solve various geoenvironmental problems. The short review of the basic existing recultivation directions the fulfilled sandy open-cast mines is given. The water economic direction in which the special accent becomes on designing of fire reservoirs is in more details analyzed.
The using of chemically-active reagents is one of the most promising directions in the process of dust suppression. Due to the need to develop new ways of suppression of dust during storage of the rock mass. The paper provides the analysis of the use of calcium carbide as an element of the dust suppression system and the system of permafrost rocks.
The negative effects of electromagnetic waves could be appear during violation of the designing established rules of installation and operating various sources of electromagnetic fields. Permanent action of electromagnetic small intensity waves have negatively influence on the enterprise’s workers. Employees feels tired, working capacity can be reduced, there is an un-reasonable irritability, periodic headaches and dream violation. This article is offers a package of measures to reduce electromagnetic load on staff of JSC «Mordovcement», by introduction of electromagnetic shielding system of the industrial frequency fields.
On the basis of world and Russian experience, and also the spent experimental researches high efficiency of processing of a firm and liquid organic waste on a basis biogaswormtechnology is established. On the basis of the Mining University the physical biogaswormtechnology farm model is created. On the basis of this model were studied biogas and worm technology processes of processing of an organic waste. Physical and chemical properties of initial raw materials, and also a received product – a biohumus and biogas are analysed.
One of the most perspective recultivation directions of the fulfilled sandy open-cast mines is water economic. Thereof working out of new more simple and economic projects water economic recultivation is required, thus capable in a complex to solve various geoenvironmental problems. The short review of the basic existing recultivation directions the fulfilled sandy open-cast mines is given. The water economic direction in which the special accent becomes on designing of fire reservoirs is in more details analyzed.
Around placing of the enterprises of a mineral complex, and especially in areas of placing of sailings, as a result of mass emissions of a dust in environment there are adverse ecological conditions, and also, level of dust loading on an organism of the worker increases. In article the way of dust control, based on mechanical catching of the weighed particles by snow, on filtering and shielding action of snow is considered.
One of the basic sources of environmental contamination are the technogenic files having the broken surface on which under influence of atmospheric conditions there are formation of dust processes. The brief review of the basic existing directions of struggle against a dust at the mountain enterprises is given. Biological dust removal ways among which the special accent is done on use of wormtechnology opportunities for these purposes are in more detail analyzed. Wormtechnology is one of the most productive ways of organic waste processing (including and organic waste mining industries) by means of earthworms. This biotechnology has high efficiency not only for broken technogenic files recultivation, and by that, reduces volumes of a formed dust, but also solves a waste problem, which is emphasized by one of key problems of a modern society development.
The article studies waste disposal problem. A special attention is paid to organic waste treatment in the Republic of Mordovia. Verminous technology, which means organic waste processing by earthworms, is offered as one of prospective solutions and a complex system is created to control waste reclamation.
